不同中微量元素配施对烤烟农艺性状、两糖积累及品质的影响
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摘要
为改善昭通烟叶两糖协调性,在昭阳区布嘎乡硼、氯、锌、镁元素有效含量偏低的土壤上研究了不同中微量元素配施对烤烟农艺性状、烟叶两糖含量及品质的影响。结果表明:施用中微量元素肥料处理农艺性状比常规施肥(对照)处理好,田间病害少,大田团棵期前叶绿素含量高;移栽后75 d时ZW2的总糖积累量最高,为16.96%,还原糖积累量最高为14.56%;ZW3淀粉积累量最高,为30.38%。烤后产量ZW2最高,为3 012.90 kg/hm~2;ZW3中上等烟比例最好,为84.75;ZW1产值最高,为64 675.00元/hm~2;烟叶两糖差下部叶ZW1最小,为13.85个百分点,中部叶ZW3最小,为17.13个百分点,上部叶对照最小,为11.31个百分点;烟叶多酚含量ZW3最高,为32.26 mg/g。综之,施用中微量元素肥料能改善烟株农艺性状,减少田间病害发生,烟株生长发育后期增加总糖、还原糖、淀粉的积累,提升烤后烟叶的经济性状,一定程度上降低了下部和中部初烤烟叶的总糖和还原糖之差,且施用B、Mg、Zn处理能适当提高烟株团棵期前烟叶叶绿素含量。
To improve the coordination of total and reducing sugars in Zhaotong tobacco leaves, the experiment was conducted in the soil with low effective contents of boron, chlorine, zinc and magnesium in Buga Town of Zhaoyang District,Zhaotong City,Yunnan Province. The combined application effects of different medium and trace elements were studied on the agronomic traits, total and reducing sugar accumulation and quality of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the agronomic traits under the treatment with medium and trace element fertilizer were better than those under the conventional fertilization, the occurrence of diseases was less, and the chlorophyll content was higher before the resettling stage. On the 75 th day after transplanting, the total and reducing sugar accumulation under ZW2 treatment were the highest as 16.96% and 14.56% respectively; the starch content under ZW3 was the highest, which was 30.38%. After processing, the yield was the highest as 3 012.90 kg/hm~2 under ZW2 treatment,the ratio of top and middle flue-cured tobacco was the highest as 84.75% under ZW3 treatment, and the output value was the best as 64 675.00 yuan under ZW1 treatment; the difference value between total sugar and reducing sugar of the lower leaves was the smallest as 13.85 percentage points under ZW1 treatment,while that of the middle leaves was the smallest as 17.13 percentage points under ZW3, and that of the upper leaves was the smallest as 11.31 percentage points under ZW4. The polyphenol content of flue-cured tobacco leaves was the highest under ZW3, which was 32.26 mg/g. In conclusion, the application of medium and trace element fertilizers could improve the agronomic characters of tobacco plants, reduce the occurrence of diseases, increase the accumulation of total sugar, reducing sugar and starch, improve the economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaves and reduce the difference between total sugar and reducing sugar in lower and middle leaves to a certain extent. Moreover, the application of B, Mg and Zn could appropriately increase the chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves before resettling stage.
To improve the coordination of total and reducing sugars in Zhaotong tobacco leaves, the experiment was conducted in the soil with low effective contents of boron, chlorine, zinc and magnesium in Buga Town of Zhaoyang District,Zhaotong City,Yunnan Province. The combined application effects of different medium and trace elements were studied on the agronomic traits, total and reducing sugar accumulation and quality of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the agronomic traits under the treatment with medium and trace element fertilizer were better than those under the conventional fertilization, the occurrence of diseases was less, and the chlorophyll content was higher before the resettling stage. On the 75 th day after transplanting, the total and reducing sugar accumulation under ZW2 treatment were the highest as 16.96% and 14.56% respectively; the starch content under ZW3 was the highest, which was 30.38%. After processing, the yield was the highest as 3 012.90 kg/hm~2 under ZW2 treatment,the ratio of top and middle flue-cured tobacco was the highest as 84.75% under ZW3 treatment, and the output value was the best as 64 675.00 yuan under ZW1 treatment; the difference value between total sugar and reducing sugar of the lower leaves was the smallest as 13.85 percentage points under ZW1 treatment,while that of the middle leaves was the smallest as 17.13 percentage points under ZW3, and that of the upper leaves was the smallest as 11.31 percentage points under ZW4. The polyphenol content of flue-cured tobacco leaves was the highest under ZW3, which was 32.26 mg/g. In conclusion, the application of medium and trace element fertilizers could improve the agronomic characters of tobacco plants, reduce the occurrence of diseases, increase the accumulation of total sugar, reducing sugar and starch, improve the economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaves and reduce the difference between total sugar and reducing sugar in lower and middle leaves to a certain extent. Moreover, the application of B, Mg and Zn could appropriately increase the chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves before resettling stage.
引文
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[12] 程昌新,闫辉,尹兴盛,等. 保山烟区植烟土壤有效硼和有效锌含量丰缺评价[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2015,30(5):804-809.
[13] 朱英华,屠乃美,关广晟,等. 镁水平对烤烟干物质积累及养分吸收的影响[J]. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,33(6):681-686.
[14] 何远兰. 硼营养对烤烟碳氮代谢和品质的影响及机理的研究[D]. 南宁:广西大学,2007.
[15] 周家容,廖益,秦煊南. 硼钙营养对柠檬幼苗光合生理及根系活力的影响[J]. 西南农业大学学报,1998,20(4):35-40.
[16] 倪霞,查宏波,黄韡,等. 昭通植烟土壤中4种微量元素含量状况[J]. 安徽农业科学,2011,39(29):17894-17896.
[2] 夏东旭. 增施不同肥料对植烟土壤特性和烤烟品质的影响[D]. 郑州:河南农业大学,2012.
[3] 王树会. 云南烟区主要植烟土壤环境质量调查与评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2006,25(增刊):579-581.
[4] 邵建华. 中微量元素肥料的生产与应用研究进展[J]. 磷肥与复肥,2000(6):50-52.
[5] 肖汉乾,罗建新,王国宝,等. 湖南优质烟区不同产量水平土壤肥力状况分析[J]. 作物研究,2003(1):28-30.
[6] 李宏光,张赛,温圣贤,等. 增施中微量元素肥对烤烟品质和产量的影响研究[J]. 湖南农业科学,2010(Z2):34-36.
[7] 宋牧,赵万鹏. 几种中微量元素肥料对烤烟产量及品质的影响[J]. 经济视角(中旬),2012(6):86-87.
[8] 陈晓燕. 昭通烟区生态特征及主要基地单元烟叶品质分析[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[9] 魏洪敏,赵锦超. 中微量元素肥料配施对云烟105生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 作物研究,2015,29(S2):847-850.
[10] 许安定,杜国伟,刘洪斌. 基于CART模型的烤烟评吸质量影响因子研究[J]. 西南农业学报,2013,26(4):1356-1361.
[11] 董云松,余绍伟,李根泽,等. 缓释肥对烟后移栽油菜化肥利用效率和产量的影响[J]. 西南农业学报,2016,29(10):2411-2415.
[12] 程昌新,闫辉,尹兴盛,等. 保山烟区植烟土壤有效硼和有效锌含量丰缺评价[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2015,30(5):804-809.
[13] 朱英华,屠乃美,关广晟,等. 镁水平对烤烟干物质积累及养分吸收的影响[J]. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,33(6):681-686.
[14] 何远兰. 硼营养对烤烟碳氮代谢和品质的影响及机理的研究[D]. 南宁:广西大学,2007.
[15] 周家容,廖益,秦煊南. 硼钙营养对柠檬幼苗光合生理及根系活力的影响[J]. 西南农业大学学报,1998,20(4):35-40.
[16] 倪霞,查宏波,黄韡,等. 昭通植烟土壤中4种微量元素含量状况[J]. 安徽农业科学,2011,39(29):17894-17896.