土地利用方式对宁夏平原土壤氮素含量及其硝化作用的影响
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摘要
为了探讨土地利用方式对宁夏平原土壤不同形态氮素含量及其转化作用的影响,对蔬菜地、葡萄地、枸杞地、玉米地、水稻地、小麦地6种土地利用方式下土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、有机氮、无机氮含量及硝化潜势和硝化活性进行比较。结果表明:0～20 cm土层,蔬菜地土壤硝态氮、铵态氮和无机氮含量均高于葡萄地、枸杞地、玉米地、水稻地、小麦地,土壤硝态氮含量大小依次排序为蔬菜地>玉米地>枸杞地>水稻地>葡萄地>小麦地,蔬菜地土壤铵态氮含量是其他土地利用方式的1.2～1.6倍,土壤无机氮含量大小依次排序为蔬菜地>玉米地>枸杞地>水稻地>葡萄地>小麦地,水稻地土壤有机氮含量高于其他5种土地利用方式,蔬菜地土壤硝化潜势和硝化活性高于其他5种土地利用方式。20～40 cm土层,土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、无机氮和有机氮含量均以葡萄地最高,小麦地土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、无机氮含量均低于其他5种土地利用方式,水稻地土壤硝化潜势显著高于其他5种土地利用方式。
In order to investigate the effects of different land utilization patterns on forms of nitrogen and its transformation in Ningxia plain,the ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,organic nitrogen,inorganic nitrogen contents,nitrification potential and nitrification activity in the soil of vegetable land,grape land,wolfberry land,maize land,rice land and wheat land were compared.The results showed that:In 0-20 cm soil layer,the contents of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen of vegetable land were higher than that of grape land,wolfberry land,maize land,rice land and wheat land,the order of nitrate nitrogen contents was vegetable land>maize land>wolfberry land>rice land>grape land>wheat land,the content of ammonium nitrogen in vegetable land was 1.2-1.6 times than that in other patterns of land utilization,the order of inorganic nitrogen content was vegetable land>maize land>wolfberry land>rice land>grape land>wheat land, the content of organic nitrogen of rice land was higher than that of the other 5 patterns of land utilization.The nitrification potential and nitrification activity of vegetable land were higher than that of the other 5 patterns of land utilization.In 20-40 cm soil layer,the contents of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,inorganic nitrogen and organic nitrogen of grape land were higher than that of the other 5 patterns of land utilization.The nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen contents of wheat land were lower than that of the other 5 patterns of land utilization.The nitrification potential of rice land was significantly higher than that of the other 5 patterns of land utilization.
In order to investigate the effects of different land utilization patterns on forms of nitrogen and its transformation in Ningxia plain,the ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,organic nitrogen,inorganic nitrogen contents,nitrification potential and nitrification activity in the soil of vegetable land,grape land,wolfberry land,maize land,rice land and wheat land were compared.The results showed that:In 0-20 cm soil layer,the contents of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen of vegetable land were higher than that of grape land,wolfberry land,maize land,rice land and wheat land,the order of nitrate nitrogen contents was vegetable land>maize land>wolfberry land>rice land>grape land>wheat land,the content of ammonium nitrogen in vegetable land was 1.2-1.6 times than that in other patterns of land utilization,the order of inorganic nitrogen content was vegetable land>maize land>wolfberry land>rice land>grape land>wheat land, the content of organic nitrogen of rice land was higher than that of the other 5 patterns of land utilization.The nitrification potential and nitrification activity of vegetable land were higher than that of the other 5 patterns of land utilization.In 20-40 cm soil layer,the contents of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,inorganic nitrogen and organic nitrogen of grape land were higher than that of the other 5 patterns of land utilization.The nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen contents of wheat land were lower than that of the other 5 patterns of land utilization.The nitrification potential of rice land was significantly higher than that of the other 5 patterns of land utilization.
引文
[1] 吕学军,陈印平,刘庆.黄河三角洲土地利用对土壤氮素及其转化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,3(4):78-81.
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[10] 崔银萍,罗健航,吴涛,等.宁夏引黄灌区有机无机肥配施对露地蔬菜产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮残留的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2015, 56(8):3-6.
[11] 李凤霞,赵营.氮肥减量配施微生物菌剂对灌淤土花椰菜产量及土壤微生物的影响[J].水土保持研究, 2017,24(2):94-100.
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[13] 陈春瑜,和树庄,胡斌,等.土地利用方式对滇池流域土壤养分时空分布的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2677-2684.
[14] 李慧,王芳,赵庚星,等.黄泛平原区不同土地利用方式下的土壤养分状况分析[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):155-159.
[15] 陈星,李亚娟,刘丽,等.灌溉模式和供氮水平对水稻氮素利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):283-287.
[16] 潘圣刚,黄胜奇,翟晶,等.氮肥用量与运筹对水稻氮素吸收转运及产量的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(1):23-27.
[17] 刘作新,郑昭佩,冯燕萍,等.长期灌溉施肥对半干旱区褐土氮、磷和钾库的影响[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(5):13-18.
[18] 崔银萍,罗健航,吴涛,等.宁夏引黄灌区有机无机肥配施对露地蔬菜产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮残留的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2015,56(8):3-6.
[19] 纪德智,王端,赵京考,等.不同氮肥形式对春玉米产量、土壤硝态氮及氮素利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2015,23(2):111-116,123.
[20] 唐珧,李丽君,张晓明,等.尿素与不同添加剂对土壤氮素淋溶的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1671-1676.
[21] 席吉龙,王珂,杨娜,等.施氮量对晋麦84号产量及土壤硝态氮、铵态氮的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1663-1667.
[22] 孙克刚,张琨,杨焕焕,等.尿素硝酸铵肥料在冬小麦上增产效果及氮肥利用率研究[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(8):1317-1320.
[23] 董石峰,孙敏,高志强,等.播种方式对旱地小麦植株氮素利用和产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(2):207-210.
[2] 朱兆良.中国土壤氮素研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):778-783.
[3] 牟晓杰,孙志高,刘兴土.黄河三角洲典型潮滩湿地土壤硝态氮和铵态氮的空间分布特征[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(6):256-261.
[4] 牟晓杰,刘兴土,仝川,等.人为干扰对闽江河口湿地土壤硝化-反硝化潜力的影响[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(8):1413-1419.
[5] 蔡祖聪,赵维.土地利用方式对湿润亚热带土壤硝化作用的影响[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):795-801.
[6] 杨莉琳,毛任钊,刘俊杰,等.土地利用变化对土壤硝化及氨氧化细菌区系的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(11):3455-3460.
[7] 柯英,郭鑫年,冀宏杰,等.宁夏灌区不同类型农田土壤氮素累积与迁移特征[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,311(1):23-31.
[8] 冯兆忠,王效科,冯宗炜.河套灌区地下水氮污染状况[J].农村生态环境,2005,21(4):74-76.
[9] 赵营,张学军,罗健航,等.施肥对设施番茄-黄瓜养分利用与土壤氮素淋失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(2):374-383.
[10] 崔银萍,罗健航,吴涛,等.宁夏引黄灌区有机无机肥配施对露地蔬菜产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮残留的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2015, 56(8):3-6.
[11] 李凤霞,赵营.氮肥减量配施微生物菌剂对灌淤土花椰菜产量及土壤微生物的影响[J].水土保持研究, 2017,24(2):94-100.
[12] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[13] 陈春瑜,和树庄,胡斌,等.土地利用方式对滇池流域土壤养分时空分布的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2677-2684.
[14] 李慧,王芳,赵庚星,等.黄泛平原区不同土地利用方式下的土壤养分状况分析[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):155-159.
[15] 陈星,李亚娟,刘丽,等.灌溉模式和供氮水平对水稻氮素利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):283-287.
[16] 潘圣刚,黄胜奇,翟晶,等.氮肥用量与运筹对水稻氮素吸收转运及产量的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(1):23-27.
[17] 刘作新,郑昭佩,冯燕萍,等.长期灌溉施肥对半干旱区褐土氮、磷和钾库的影响[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(5):13-18.
[18] 崔银萍,罗健航,吴涛,等.宁夏引黄灌区有机无机肥配施对露地蔬菜产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮残留的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2015,56(8):3-6.
[19] 纪德智,王端,赵京考,等.不同氮肥形式对春玉米产量、土壤硝态氮及氮素利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2015,23(2):111-116,123.
[20] 唐珧,李丽君,张晓明,等.尿素与不同添加剂对土壤氮素淋溶的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1671-1676.
[21] 席吉龙,王珂,杨娜,等.施氮量对晋麦84号产量及土壤硝态氮、铵态氮的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1663-1667.
[22] 孙克刚,张琨,杨焕焕,等.尿素硝酸铵肥料在冬小麦上增产效果及氮肥利用率研究[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(8):1317-1320.
[23] 董石峰,孙敏,高志强,等.播种方式对旱地小麦植株氮素利用和产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(2):207-210.