氮素形态对‘凤丹’表型性状、光合及产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究不同氮素形态配比对油用牡丹‘凤丹’(Paeonia ostii‘Feng Dan’)表型性状、光合特性及其籽粒产量的影响,确定氮素形态最佳配比,促进高产高效科学施肥。【方法】采用铵态氮(NH~+_4-N)、硝态氮(NO~-_3-N)和酰胺态氮(N-CONH_2)3种不同氮素形态,设置不同氮素形态配比,考察‘凤丹’的表型性状、光合特性和产量。【结果】在固定磷钾等量施肥条件下,与对照相比,不同形态氮肥及铵态氮、硝态氮配施对‘凤丹’的表型性状、光合特性和籽粒产量参数均有显著影响(P<0.05)。铵态氮与硝态氮摩尔配比在50∶50的处理下,‘凤丹’叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均达到最大,较对照分别提高了22.85%、39.18%和25.98%;胞间CO_2浓度最小,较对照降低了14.67%;植株的千粒质量和单株籽粒产量均显著高于其他施肥处理(P<0.05),较对照分别提高了31.86%和43.05%。【结论】铵态氮与硝态氮等比配施可使‘凤丹’的表型性状、光合特性及产量大幅提高,可为‘凤丹’的合理施肥提供理论依据。
【Objective】 The effects of different nitrogen forms and their proportion on phenotypic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and grain yield of Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan' were studied to determine the optimal proportion of nitrogen forms and promote high-yield and high-efficiency scientific fertilization. 【Method】 Three different nitrogen forms, ammonium nitrogen(NH~+_4-N), nitrate nitrogen(NO~-_3-N), and amide nitrogen(N-CONH_2), were used to set different nitrogen forms and their proportions. Phenotypic traits, photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits were investigated. 【Result】 Compared with the control, different forms of nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium nitrate combination had significant effects on phenotypic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and grain yield parameters of P. ostii ‘Feng Dan' under conditions of fixed phosphorus and potassium fertilization(P<0.05). Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of P. ostii ‘Feng Dan' leaves were the highest under treatment with ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen at a 50∶50 proportion, which increased by 22.85%, 39.18% and 25.98%, respectively; the intercellular CO_2 concentration was 14.67% lower than the control; the 1 000-grain mass and the yield per individual were the highest, and significantly higher than under other fertilization treatments(P<0.05), and were 31.86% and 43.05% higher than the control. 【Conclusion】 The combination of ammonium and nitrate can greatly improve phenotypic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield of P. ostii ‘Feng Dan', providing a theoretical basis for the rational fertilization of P. ostii ‘Feng Dan'.
【Objective】 The effects of different nitrogen forms and their proportion on phenotypic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and grain yield of Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan' were studied to determine the optimal proportion of nitrogen forms and promote high-yield and high-efficiency scientific fertilization. 【Method】 Three different nitrogen forms, ammonium nitrogen(NH~+_4-N), nitrate nitrogen(NO~-_3-N), and amide nitrogen(N-CONH_2), were used to set different nitrogen forms and their proportions. Phenotypic traits, photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits were investigated. 【Result】 Compared with the control, different forms of nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium nitrate combination had significant effects on phenotypic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and grain yield parameters of P. ostii ‘Feng Dan' under conditions of fixed phosphorus and potassium fertilization(P<0.05). Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of P. ostii ‘Feng Dan' leaves were the highest under treatment with ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen at a 50∶50 proportion, which increased by 22.85%, 39.18% and 25.98%, respectively; the intercellular CO_2 concentration was 14.67% lower than the control; the 1 000-grain mass and the yield per individual were the highest, and significantly higher than under other fertilization treatments(P<0.05), and were 31.86% and 43.05% higher than the control. 【Conclusion】 The combination of ammonium and nitrate can greatly improve phenotypic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield of P. ostii ‘Feng Dan', providing a theoretical basis for the rational fertilization of P. ostii ‘Feng Dan'.
引文
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[2] REN X X,XUE J Q,WANG S L,et al.Proteomic analysis of tree peony (Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’) seed germination affected by low temperature[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2018,224/225:56-67.DOI:10.1016/j.jplph.2017.12.016.
[3] MAO Y Y,HAN J G,TIAN F,et al.Chemical composition analysis,sensory,and feasibility study of tree peony seed[J].Journal of Food Science,2017,82(2):553-561.DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.13593.
[4] 李莹莹,郑成淑.利用CDDP标记的菏泽牡丹品种资源的遗传多样性[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(13):2739-2750.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.13.012.LI Y Y,ZHENG C S.Genetic diversity of tree peony cultivar resources in Heze revealed by CDDP marker[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,,2013,46(13):2739-2750.
[5] YANG X,ZHANG D,SONG L M,et al.Chemical profile and antioxidant activity of the oil from peony seeds (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,2017(6):1-11.DOI:10.1155/2017/9164905.
[6] 魏冬峰,张利霞,常青山,等.氮磷钾平衡施肥对凤丹光合特性的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(11):2265-2273.DOI:10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.11.2265.WEI D F,ZHANG L X,CHANG Q S,et al.Effects of N,P and K balanced fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics of Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2016,30(11):2265-2273.
[7] 王晓静,马慧丽,郭丽丽,等.种植密度对油用牡丹‘凤丹’形态性状和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2018(3):101-108.DOI:10.11937/bfyy.20172263.WANG X J,MA H L,GUO L L,et al.Effects of planting density on morphological traits and yield of oilseed peony Paeonia ostii[J].Northern Horticulture,2018(3):101-108.
[8] 段祥光,张利霞,刘伟,等.施氮量对油用牡丹‘凤丹’光合特性及产量的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(1):48-54.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201704033.DUAN X G,ZHANG L X,LIU W,et al.Effects of nitrogen application on photosynthetic characteristics and yields of oil tree peony Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2018,42(1):48-54.
[9] MILLER A J,CRAMER M D.Root nitrogen acquisition and assimilation[J].Plant and Soil,2005,274(1/2):1-36.DOI:10.1007/s11104-004-0965-1.
[10] 张淑英,褚贵新,梁永超.不同铵硝配比对低温胁迫棉花幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):721-729.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.16397.ZHANG S Y,CHU G X,LIANG Y C.Impacts of different ammonium/nitrate ratios on the growth and antioxidant defense enzyme activities in cotton seedlings exposed to low-temperature stress[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2017,23(3):721-729.
[11] 曹翠玲.氮素及形态对作物的生理效应[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2002.CAO C L.Effect of nitrogen and nitrogen form on physiological characteristics and yields of crop[D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2002.
[12] 邢素芝,汪建飞,李孝良,等.氮肥形态及配比对菠菜生长和安全品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):527-534.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2015.0229.XING S Z,WANG J F,LI X L,et al.Different nitrogen fertilizers and ratios effect on growth,safety and quality of spinach[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2015,21(2):527-534.
[13] 谢晋,严玛丽,陈建军,等.不同铵态氮硝态氮配比对烤烟产量、质量及其主要化学成分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):1030-1037.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2014.0427.XIE J,YAN M L,CHEN J J,et al.Effect of nitrogen forms on yield,quality and main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2014,20(4):1030-1037.
[14] 梁娟,胡海丽,杨伟.不同供氮水平对天门冬生长和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(1):53-56.DOI:10.11838/sfsc.20160109.LIANG J,HU H L,YANG W.Effects of different nitrogen levels on growth and quality of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2016(1):53-56.
[15] 唐忠厚,李洪民,张爱君,等.甘薯叶光合特性与块根主要性状对氮素供应形态的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1494-1501.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2013.0626.TANG Z H,LI H M,ZHANG A J,et al.Responses of nitrogen supply forms on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and root characters of sweetpotato[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2013,19(6):1494-1501.
[16] 苏正淑,张宪政.几种测定植物叶绿素含量的方法比较[J].植物生理学通讯,1989,25(5):77-78.DOI:10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.1989.05.030.SU Z S,ZHANG X Z.Comparison of several methods for determination of chlorophyll content in plants[J].Plant Physiology Communications,1989,25(5):77-78.
[17] 唐晓清,肖云华,赵雪玲,等.不同氮素形态及其比例对菘蓝生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):129-138.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2014.0114.TANG X Q,XIAO Y H,ZHAO X L,et al.Effect of different nitrogen forms and their proportion on biological characteristics of Isatis indigotica Fort[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2014,20(1):129-138.
[18] 李安亮.不同油茶品种对氮素形态的响应研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2016.LI A L.Research on the response of different Camellia oleifera varieties to nitrogen forms[D].Changsha:Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2016.
[19] 曹翠玲,李生秀.氮素形态对小麦中后期的生理效应[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):258-262.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0496-3490.2003.02.017.CAO C L,LI S X.Effects of N form on some physiological characteristics and yield of wheat during the vegetative and reproductive growth stage[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2003,29(2):258-262.
[20] 何会流.不同氮素形态对凤仙花叶绿素含量及光合荧光参数的影响[J].北方园艺,2013(16):79-82.HE H L.Effect of different nitrogen forms on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of Impatiens balsamina[J].Northern Horticulture,2013(16):79-82.
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