15个小苍兰品种的花粉形态研究
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摘要
以15个小苍兰品种为试材,利用场发射扫描电镜(SET)对其进花粉形态观察,通过对花粉形状、大小、外壁纹饰及萌发器官等特征,分析不同品种间花粉形态之间的异同。结果表明:15个小苍兰品种的花粉均呈单粒存在且两侧对称,具远极单沟萌发孔,花粉外部形态均呈椭球形,极面观为舟形或心形,赤道面观除Castor外均为超长球形。花粉外壁纹饰均有小刺状凸起,多数品种表面有小穿孔和圆形斑纹。进一步聚类分析表明,15个小苍兰品种根据花粉形态特征可以分成3大类。本文首次报道了小苍兰的花粉形态,并且发现,不同品种间花粉形态特征具有一定差异,尤其是外壁纹饰细部特征和萌发器官的差别,体现了不同小苍兰品种间存在一定的遗传多样性和遗传分化,可为今后分析品种间亲缘关系及种质创新等提供有价值的科学依据。
Pollen morphology of 15 cultivars of Freesia hybrida was measured using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and then the similarity and differences among cultivars were evaluated by the shape,size,exine ornamentation and aperture of pollen.The pollens of the 15 cultivars of F.hybrida are all single and zygomorphic with far polar single germinal furrow.All pollen grains are elliptical in shape and boat-like or heartlike in polar view while long spheroidal shape in equatorial view of all investigated cultivars except Castor.The exine of Freesia was interspersed with spininess,and the pollen surface of most cultivars has circular holes and circular markings.Furthermore,the 15 cultivars of Freesia were classed into three groups based on these pollen characteristics by cluster analysis.Taken all together,pollen morphology of Freesia plants was studied in the present study at the first time,and we also found the moderate differences of pollen morphology possessed among cultivars,especially in the characters of exine ornamentation and aperture of pollen,which demonstrated the genetic diversity and divergence in Freesia.Our findings will be valuable to analyze the phylogenetic relationship among the Freesia accessions in future.
Pollen morphology of 15 cultivars of Freesia hybrida was measured using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and then the similarity and differences among cultivars were evaluated by the shape,size,exine ornamentation and aperture of pollen.The pollens of the 15 cultivars of F.hybrida are all single and zygomorphic with far polar single germinal furrow.All pollen grains are elliptical in shape and boat-like or heartlike in polar view while long spheroidal shape in equatorial view of all investigated cultivars except Castor.The exine of Freesia was interspersed with spininess,and the pollen surface of most cultivars has circular holes and circular markings.Furthermore,the 15 cultivars of Freesia were classed into three groups based on these pollen characteristics by cluster analysis.Taken all together,pollen morphology of Freesia plants was studied in the present study at the first time,and we also found the moderate differences of pollen morphology possessed among cultivars,especially in the characters of exine ornamentation and aperture of pollen,which demonstrated the genetic diversity and divergence in Freesia.Our findings will be valuable to analyze the phylogenetic relationship among the Freesia accessions in future.
引文
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2.Tomlik-Wyremblewska A,Van Der Ham R W J M,Kosiński P.Pollen morphology of genus Rubus L.PartⅢ.Studies on the Malesian species of subgenera Chamaebatus L.and Idaeobatus L.[J].Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae,2004,73(3):207-227.
3.杨秋生,万卉敏,孙俊娅,等.牡丹栽培品种群花粉形态的比较[J].林业科学,2010,46(6):133-137.Yang Q S,Wan H M,Sun J Y,et al.Comparison of pollen morphology of tree peony cultivar groups[J].Scientia Silvae Sinica,2010,46(6):133-137.
4.薛晓敏,王金政,路超,等.苹果专用授粉品种和栽培品种花粉形态扫描电镜观察[J].华南农业大学学报,2012,33(2):188-191.Xue X M,Wang J Z,Lu C,et al.SEM observation on the pollen morphology of pollinated species and cultivars in apple[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2012,33(2):188-191.
5.刘燕,祁翔,林昌虎,等.基于扫描电镜观察的云雾贡茶新变种的花粉形态特征[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(5):1787-1794.Liu Y,Qi X,Lin C H,et al.SEM observation on pollen morphology of a new variant Camellia sinensis var.niaowangensis[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2013,26(5):1787-1794.
6.薛晓明,南程慧,杨荣治,等.木兰科7种植物花粉的扫描电镜观察[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(6):1098-1103.Xue X M,Nan C H,Yang R Z,et al.Pollen morphology of seven Magnoliaceae species under a scanning electron microscope[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2017,44(6):1098-1103.
7.郝佳波,司马永康,徐涛,等.木兰科16种含笑属植物的花粉形态[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(11):2204-2210.Hao J B,Sima Y K,Xu T,et al.Pollen morphology of 16species of the genus Michelia in Magnoliaceae[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2015,35(11):2204-2210.
8.张少伟,贾文庆,张红兰,等.13个牡丹品种花粉形态及萌发率比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(10):20-23.Zhang S W,Jia W Q,Zhang H L,et al.Pollen morphology and germination rate of 13 peony varieties[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2017,45(10):20-23.
9.李佐,赵凯歌,赵玫,等.莲种质花粉形态特征研究[J].园艺学报,2015,42(1):75-85.Li Z,Zhao K G,Zhao M,et al.Studies on pollen morphology of Nelumbo germplasm[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2015,42(1):75-85.
10.孙佳,曾丽,刘正宇,等.微型月季品种分类的花粉形态学[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(5):1867-1874.Sun J,Zeng L,Liu Z Y,et al.Classification of Rosa hybrida var.minima cultivars by pollen morphology[J].Scientia Agricultural Sinica,2009,42(5):1867-1874.
11.张西丽,周厚高,周焱,等.几个百合品种花粉电镜观察及其亲缘关系分析[J].广西农业生物科学,2000,19(3):175-179.Zhang X L,Zhou H G,Zhou Y,et al.Study on pollen characters and genetic relationship of several Lilium cultivars[J].Journal of Gaungxi Agricultural and Biological Science,2000,19(3):175-179.
12.吴祝华,施季森,席梦利,等.百合种质资源花粉形态及亲缘关系研究[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(4):406-412.Wu Z H,Shi J S,Xi M L,et al.Pollen characteristics and relationships of 12 species and 6 cultivars of Lilium[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2007,24(4):406-412.
13.张彦妮,钱灿.12种百合属植物花粉形态扫描电镜观察[J].草业科学,2011,20(5):111-118.Zhang Y N,Qian C.SEM observation on pollen morphology of 12 lily species[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(5):111-118.
14.顾欣,张延龙,牛立新.中国西部四省15种野生百合花粉形态研究[J].园艺学报,2013,40(7):1389-1398.Gu X,Zhang Y L,Niu L X.Pollen morphology observation of 15 wild lilies from four provinces in western China[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013,40(7):1389-1398.
15.许玉凤,张轲,王文元,等.9种鸢尾植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2008,39(6):733-736.Xu Y F,Zhang K,Wang W Y,et al.Pollen morphology of 9species of genus Iris with scanning electron microscope[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2008,39(6):733-736.
16.余小芳,张海琴,何雪梅,等.鸢尾属12种(变种)植物花粉形态及其系统学意义[J].园艺学报,2010,37(7):1175-1182.Yu X F,Zhang H Q,He X M,et al.Pollen morphology of12 Species of Iris L.and its systematic significations[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2010,37(7):1175-1182.
17.马玉梅,张云,秦景逸,等.膜苞鸢尾花粉形态、活力与柱头可授性研究[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(1):110-116.Ma Y M,Zhang Y,Qin J Y,et al.Pollen morphology,viability and stigma receptivity of Iris scariosa Willd[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2017,54(1):110-116.
18.高星,吕彤,臧凤岐,等.郁金香品种分类的花粉形态学研究[C].//中国观赏园艺研究进展.北京:中国园艺学会,2017:46-54.Gao X,LüT,Zang F Q,et al.Classification of the Tulipa gesnerians L.varieties by pollen morphology[C].//Advances in ornamental horticulture of China.Beijing:Chinese Society for Horticultural Science,2017:46-54.
19.周守标,余本祺,罗琦,等.石蒜属植物花粉形态及分类研究[J].园艺学报,2005,32(5):914-917.Zhou S B,Yu B Q,Luo Q,et al.Pollen morphology of Lycoris Herb.and its taxonomic significance[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2005,32(5):914-917.
20.Wang L.Freesia[M].//Anderson N O.Flower breeding and genetics.Dordrecht:Springer,2007.
21.秦文英,林源祥.小苍兰研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995.Qin W Y,Lin Y X.Freesia research[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1995.
22.王开发,王宪曾.孢粉学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1983.Wang K F,Wang X Z.An introduction to palynology[M].Beijing:Beijing University Press,1983.
23.赵先贵,肖玲.中国植物花粉形态的研究进展[J].西北植物学报,1999,19(5):92-95.Zhao X G,Xiao L.Advances of pollen morphology in China[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,1999,19(5):92-95.
24.Walker J W.Aperture evolution in the pollen of primitive angiosperms[J].American Journal of Botany,1974,61(10):1112-1137.
25.罗乐,张启翔,于超,等.29个蔷薇属植物的孢粉学研究[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(5):885-887,890-894.Luo L,Zhang Q X,Yu C,et al.Pollen morphology analysis of 29 Rosa germplasm[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2017,37(5):885-887,890-89.
26.Schmid R.Reviewed Work:Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy.Angiosperms.(An introduction to palynology.I.)by G.Erdtman[J].Taxon,1954,36(4):779-780.
27.埃尔特曼.孢粉学手册[M].中国科学院植物研究所古生物研究室孢粉组,译.北京:科学出版社,1978.Erdtman G.Handbook of palynology[M].Palynological Group,Institute of Plant Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,trans.Beijing:Science Press,1978.
28.Bednorz L,Maciejewska-Rutkowska I,Wrońska-Pilarek D,et al.Pollen morphology of the polish species of the genus Sorbus L.[J].Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae,2005,74(4):315-322.
29.许荔,黄苏珍,原海燕.路易斯安那鸢尾和红籽鸢尾花粉形态及种间杂交亲和性研究[J].植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(1):77-83.Xu L,Huang S Z,Yuan H Y.Studies on pollen morphology and interspecific hybridization compatibility of Iris louisiana and Iris foetidissima[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2015,24(1):77-83.
30.Wodehouse R P.Pollen grains:Their structure,Identification and significance in science and medicine[J].Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,1935,86(1):104.
31.高翔.香雪兰体外再生植株和杂种后代遗传、表观遗传多态性及花香成分分析[D].长春:东北师范大学,2010.Gao X.The assessment of genetic and epigenetic polymorphism in Freesia regenerated plantlets and F1 progenies and the flower scent composition analysis[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2010.
32.庄东红,宋娟娟.木槿属植物染色体倍性与花粉粒、叶片气孔器性状的关系[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2005,13(1):49-52.Zhuang D H,Song J J.The characters of pollen grains and stomatal apparatus in Hibiscus L.in relation to the ploidy[J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2005,13(1):49-52.
33.王振江,罗国庆,戴凡炜,等.不同倍性广东桑的花粉形态[J].林业科学,2015,51(4):71-77.Wang Z J,Luo G Q,Dai F W,et al.Pollen morphology of Morus atropurpurea with different ploidies[J].Scientia Silvae Sinica,2015,51(4):71-77.
2.Tomlik-Wyremblewska A,Van Der Ham R W J M,Kosiński P.Pollen morphology of genus Rubus L.PartⅢ.Studies on the Malesian species of subgenera Chamaebatus L.and Idaeobatus L.[J].Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae,2004,73(3):207-227.
3.杨秋生,万卉敏,孙俊娅,等.牡丹栽培品种群花粉形态的比较[J].林业科学,2010,46(6):133-137.Yang Q S,Wan H M,Sun J Y,et al.Comparison of pollen morphology of tree peony cultivar groups[J].Scientia Silvae Sinica,2010,46(6):133-137.
4.薛晓敏,王金政,路超,等.苹果专用授粉品种和栽培品种花粉形态扫描电镜观察[J].华南农业大学学报,2012,33(2):188-191.Xue X M,Wang J Z,Lu C,et al.SEM observation on the pollen morphology of pollinated species and cultivars in apple[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2012,33(2):188-191.
5.刘燕,祁翔,林昌虎,等.基于扫描电镜观察的云雾贡茶新变种的花粉形态特征[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(5):1787-1794.Liu Y,Qi X,Lin C H,et al.SEM observation on pollen morphology of a new variant Camellia sinensis var.niaowangensis[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2013,26(5):1787-1794.
6.薛晓明,南程慧,杨荣治,等.木兰科7种植物花粉的扫描电镜观察[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(6):1098-1103.Xue X M,Nan C H,Yang R Z,et al.Pollen morphology of seven Magnoliaceae species under a scanning electron microscope[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2017,44(6):1098-1103.
7.郝佳波,司马永康,徐涛,等.木兰科16种含笑属植物的花粉形态[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(11):2204-2210.Hao J B,Sima Y K,Xu T,et al.Pollen morphology of 16species of the genus Michelia in Magnoliaceae[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2015,35(11):2204-2210.
8.张少伟,贾文庆,张红兰,等.13个牡丹品种花粉形态及萌发率比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(10):20-23.Zhang S W,Jia W Q,Zhang H L,et al.Pollen morphology and germination rate of 13 peony varieties[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2017,45(10):20-23.
9.李佐,赵凯歌,赵玫,等.莲种质花粉形态特征研究[J].园艺学报,2015,42(1):75-85.Li Z,Zhao K G,Zhao M,et al.Studies on pollen morphology of Nelumbo germplasm[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2015,42(1):75-85.
10.孙佳,曾丽,刘正宇,等.微型月季品种分类的花粉形态学[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(5):1867-1874.Sun J,Zeng L,Liu Z Y,et al.Classification of Rosa hybrida var.minima cultivars by pollen morphology[J].Scientia Agricultural Sinica,2009,42(5):1867-1874.
11.张西丽,周厚高,周焱,等.几个百合品种花粉电镜观察及其亲缘关系分析[J].广西农业生物科学,2000,19(3):175-179.Zhang X L,Zhou H G,Zhou Y,et al.Study on pollen characters and genetic relationship of several Lilium cultivars[J].Journal of Gaungxi Agricultural and Biological Science,2000,19(3):175-179.
12.吴祝华,施季森,席梦利,等.百合种质资源花粉形态及亲缘关系研究[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(4):406-412.Wu Z H,Shi J S,Xi M L,et al.Pollen characteristics and relationships of 12 species and 6 cultivars of Lilium[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2007,24(4):406-412.
13.张彦妮,钱灿.12种百合属植物花粉形态扫描电镜观察[J].草业科学,2011,20(5):111-118.Zhang Y N,Qian C.SEM observation on pollen morphology of 12 lily species[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(5):111-118.
14.顾欣,张延龙,牛立新.中国西部四省15种野生百合花粉形态研究[J].园艺学报,2013,40(7):1389-1398.Gu X,Zhang Y L,Niu L X.Pollen morphology observation of 15 wild lilies from four provinces in western China[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013,40(7):1389-1398.
15.许玉凤,张轲,王文元,等.9种鸢尾植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2008,39(6):733-736.Xu Y F,Zhang K,Wang W Y,et al.Pollen morphology of 9species of genus Iris with scanning electron microscope[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2008,39(6):733-736.
16.余小芳,张海琴,何雪梅,等.鸢尾属12种(变种)植物花粉形态及其系统学意义[J].园艺学报,2010,37(7):1175-1182.Yu X F,Zhang H Q,He X M,et al.Pollen morphology of12 Species of Iris L.and its systematic significations[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2010,37(7):1175-1182.
17.马玉梅,张云,秦景逸,等.膜苞鸢尾花粉形态、活力与柱头可授性研究[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(1):110-116.Ma Y M,Zhang Y,Qin J Y,et al.Pollen morphology,viability and stigma receptivity of Iris scariosa Willd[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2017,54(1):110-116.
18.高星,吕彤,臧凤岐,等.郁金香品种分类的花粉形态学研究[C].//中国观赏园艺研究进展.北京:中国园艺学会,2017:46-54.Gao X,LüT,Zang F Q,et al.Classification of the Tulipa gesnerians L.varieties by pollen morphology[C].//Advances in ornamental horticulture of China.Beijing:Chinese Society for Horticultural Science,2017:46-54.
19.周守标,余本祺,罗琦,等.石蒜属植物花粉形态及分类研究[J].园艺学报,2005,32(5):914-917.Zhou S B,Yu B Q,Luo Q,et al.Pollen morphology of Lycoris Herb.and its taxonomic significance[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2005,32(5):914-917.
20.Wang L.Freesia[M].//Anderson N O.Flower breeding and genetics.Dordrecht:Springer,2007.
21.秦文英,林源祥.小苍兰研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995.Qin W Y,Lin Y X.Freesia research[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1995.
22.王开发,王宪曾.孢粉学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1983.Wang K F,Wang X Z.An introduction to palynology[M].Beijing:Beijing University Press,1983.
23.赵先贵,肖玲.中国植物花粉形态的研究进展[J].西北植物学报,1999,19(5):92-95.Zhao X G,Xiao L.Advances of pollen morphology in China[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,1999,19(5):92-95.
24.Walker J W.Aperture evolution in the pollen of primitive angiosperms[J].American Journal of Botany,1974,61(10):1112-1137.
25.罗乐,张启翔,于超,等.29个蔷薇属植物的孢粉学研究[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(5):885-887,890-894.Luo L,Zhang Q X,Yu C,et al.Pollen morphology analysis of 29 Rosa germplasm[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2017,37(5):885-887,890-89.
26.Schmid R.Reviewed Work:Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy.Angiosperms.(An introduction to palynology.I.)by G.Erdtman[J].Taxon,1954,36(4):779-780.
27.埃尔特曼.孢粉学手册[M].中国科学院植物研究所古生物研究室孢粉组,译.北京:科学出版社,1978.Erdtman G.Handbook of palynology[M].Palynological Group,Institute of Plant Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,trans.Beijing:Science Press,1978.
28.Bednorz L,Maciejewska-Rutkowska I,Wrońska-Pilarek D,et al.Pollen morphology of the polish species of the genus Sorbus L.[J].Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae,2005,74(4):315-322.
29.许荔,黄苏珍,原海燕.路易斯安那鸢尾和红籽鸢尾花粉形态及种间杂交亲和性研究[J].植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(1):77-83.Xu L,Huang S Z,Yuan H Y.Studies on pollen morphology and interspecific hybridization compatibility of Iris louisiana and Iris foetidissima[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2015,24(1):77-83.
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31.高翔.香雪兰体外再生植株和杂种后代遗传、表观遗传多态性及花香成分分析[D].长春:东北师范大学,2010.Gao X.The assessment of genetic and epigenetic polymorphism in Freesia regenerated plantlets and F1 progenies and the flower scent composition analysis[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2010.
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