台间盆地相富有机质页岩特征研究——以南丹地区莫德剖面罗富组为例
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摘要
早泥盆世埃姆斯期至早石炭世杜内期,南丹-河池一线为独特的台间盆地环境,位于桂中坳陷西部边缘,自下而上发育塘丁组、罗富组、榴江组、五指山组和鹿寨组含磷、锰的泥质、硅质和扁豆状的灰岩沉积。其中罗富组发育有连续的,具有一定沉积厚度的黑色、深灰色、灰黑色泥页岩沉积,具有页岩气开发潜力。针对南丹地区泥盆纪剖面罗富组进行的实测和沉积学分析能够更进一步的评价其中罗富组沉积的页岩气前景,研究共采集样品120件,采样间距为2m~3m。泥页岩层位选择其中10件含有机质样品进行有机质特征、矿物成分、孔隙度、孔隙结构等测试,20件样品用于电镜分析,80件样品进行薄片鉴定分析。综合野外露头剖面测量和样品地球化学测试及微孔结构观察结果,确定南丹地区罗富组下段具备形成页岩气的资源基础和优越的成藏条件。罗富组厚约330m,以富硅质泥页岩的首现,将之划为上、下两段。罗富组下段有机质丰度高(TOC分布于1.64%~3.69%之间),成熟度小于3.6%(Ro值介于3.14%~4.19%),泥页岩厚度大(大于100m),储层微孔隙发育,脆性矿物含量合适(介于48%~58%),黏土矿物之中不含蒙皂石。将研究剖面页岩气储层的地化、物性特征及沉积厚度与北美及四川页岩气对比,判断研究区中泥盆统罗富组下段具有较好的页岩气勘探潜力。
From the Early Devonian Emsian to the Early Carboniferous Tournasian,the sea-floor spreading of Nandan-Hechi leads to the appearance of inter-platform basin environment.Tangding,Luofu,Liujiang,Wuzhishan and Luzhai Formations were deposited with limestone,phosphorus,manganese mud and silicate.In order to further evaluate the shale gas potential of Luofu Formation,the Devonian cross section in Nandan is selected for the organic geochemical and physical property analysis.Outcrop data,geological data and the observation of the micro-pores indicate that the Middle Devonian shale in Nandan is characterized by large thickness(﹥100m),high abundance of organic matter(TOC of 1.64%~3.69%),moderate thermal maturity<3.6%(3.14%~4.19%).The higher value of TOC is resulted from chemical weathering,well developed micro-pores and nano-pores,suitable brittle mineral content(48%~58%)and favorable clay mineral composition.All these characteristics indicate its high potential of shale gas exploration.On the base of the shale gas exploration experiences of North American and Sichuan basin,the study area is evaluated as a beneficial reservoir of shale gas.
From the Early Devonian Emsian to the Early Carboniferous Tournasian,the sea-floor spreading of Nandan-Hechi leads to the appearance of inter-platform basin environment.Tangding,Luofu,Liujiang,Wuzhishan and Luzhai Formations were deposited with limestone,phosphorus,manganese mud and silicate.In order to further evaluate the shale gas potential of Luofu Formation,the Devonian cross section in Nandan is selected for the organic geochemical and physical property analysis.Outcrop data,geological data and the observation of the micro-pores indicate that the Middle Devonian shale in Nandan is characterized by large thickness(﹥100m),high abundance of organic matter(TOC of 1.64%~3.69%),moderate thermal maturity<3.6%(3.14%~4.19%).The higher value of TOC is resulted from chemical weathering,well developed micro-pores and nano-pores,suitable brittle mineral content(48%~58%)and favorable clay mineral composition.All these characteristics indicate its high potential of shale gas exploration.On the base of the shale gas exploration experiences of North American and Sichuan basin,the study area is evaluated as a beneficial reservoir of shale gas.
引文
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[3]张晓明,石万忠,徐清海,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩气储层特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2015,36(8):926-939.
[4]曾芳,毛志超,卢碧林.桂中坳陷泥盆系碳酸盐岩烃源岩特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(3):51-54.
[5]王鹏万,陈子炓,贺训云,等.黔南坳陷下寒武统页岩气成藏条件与有利区带评价[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):518-524.
[6]陈子炓,姚根顺,郭庆新,等.桂中坳陷海相地层油气成藏与热作用改造[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(3):1-10.
[7]曾允孚,刘文均.华南右江盆地沉积构造演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.
[8]侯明才,陈洪德,朱西养,等.被动陆缘裂陷地的层序充填动力学模式——以早泥盆世-中泥盆世早期右江盆地为例[J].地质学报,2006,80(4):606-614.
[9]侯明才,陈洪德,田景春.泥盆纪右江盆地演化与层序充填响应[J].地层学杂质,2005,29(1):62-69.
[10]侯明才,右江盆地层序充填动力学[D].成都:成都理工大学,2003.
[11]Bowker K A.Barnett Shale gas production,Fort Worth Basin:issues and discussion[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
[12]Curtis J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG,2002,86(11):1 921-1 938.
[13]蒋裕强,董大忠,漆麟,等.页岩气储层的基本特征及其评价[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):7-12.
[14]常华进,褚学蕾.草莓状黄铁矿与古海洋环境恢复[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(5):476-481.
[15]钟铿,吴诒.广西的泥盆系[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1992.
[16]Slatt R M,O′Brien N R.Pore types in the Barnett andWoodford gas shales:Contribution to understanding gas storage and migration pathways in fine-grained rocks[J].AAPG,Bulletin,2011,95(12):2 017-2 030.
[17]Loucks R G.,Reed R M.,Ruppel S C.et al.Morphology,Genesis,and Distribution of Nanometer-Scale Pores in Siliceous Mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79(12):848-861
[18]程克明,王世谦,董大忠,等.上扬子区下寒武统筇竹寺组岩气成藏条件[J].天然气工业,2009,29(5):40-44.
[19]Bowker K A.Barnett Shale gas production,Fort Worth Basin:issues and discussion[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
[20]王亮,陈云燕,刘玉霞.川东南彭水地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(5):80-88;
[21]朱华,姜文利,边瑞康,等.页岩气资源评价方法体系及其应用——以川西坳陷为例[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):130-134.
[22]唐颖,邢云,李乐忠,等.页岩储层可压裂性影响因素及评价方法[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):356-363.
[23]曹茜,周文,陈文玲,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长7段陆相页岩气地层孔隙类型、尺度及成因分析[J].矿物岩石,2015,6:90-97.
[24]Curtis M E,Cardott B J,Sondergeld C H,et al.Development of organic porosity in the Woodford Shale with increasing thermal maturity[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,103:26-31.