中国南方古生界碳酸盐岩发育对页岩气成藏和开发控制问题
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摘要
中国南方古生界有利暗色页岩发育,但现页岩气勘探取得突破较少,主要原因是南方地质条件复杂,尤其是南方暗色页岩与碳酸盐岩间互发育,页岩气勘探开发面临复杂的碳酸盐岩地质问题。文章从国外勘探经验及近年来南方地区页岩气勘探实践中总结并详细分析了碳酸盐岩发育对页岩气成藏和开发控制的5大问题:(1)地表或近地表岩溶地质问题对开采的影响;(2)页岩目的层顶底板及其内部碳酸盐岩层对成藏和开采的影响;(3)页岩中碳酸盐类矿物含量对开采压裂的影响;(4)页岩层中天然裂缝被方解石充填对成藏的影响问题;(5)常规碳酸盐岩储层与非常规页岩共同成藏问题。建议在南方古生界开展页岩气勘探开发中,把碳酸盐岩本身储集成藏和碳酸盐岩对页岩气成藏、开采、钻井施工等的影响综合考虑,以总含油气系统的思路,综合选井,以促进南方古生界页岩气的勘探开发。
The dark shale of Paleozoic is widely present in southern China,but little progress has been made in exploration of shale gas.One reason for this is the co-existence of carbonate that complicates the geological condition.Based on experiences from abroad and southern China on this issue in recent years,this paper discusses five problems,(1) How the surface or near-surface karst geology poses impact on exploitation of shale gas;(2) the influences of roof and floor of a shale layer and carbonate within the layer on the accumulation and mining;(3) the effect of carbonate mineral content in the shale on fracturing during production;(4) the influence of natural cracks in shale formation with calcite filling on gas accumulation;and(5) co-accumulation of conventional and carbonate reservoirs and unconventional shale reservoirs.Finally,this work suggests to make an comprehensive consideration on the exploration of shale gas in southern China,involving accumulation of carbonate itself and its effect on accumulation,exploitation,and drilling of shale gas.Thus a new line of thought on the hydrocarbon system can be established,which will guide reasonable deployment of drill holes and further exploration of shale gas.
The dark shale of Paleozoic is widely present in southern China,but little progress has been made in exploration of shale gas.One reason for this is the co-existence of carbonate that complicates the geological condition.Based on experiences from abroad and southern China on this issue in recent years,this paper discusses five problems,(1) How the surface or near-surface karst geology poses impact on exploitation of shale gas;(2) the influences of roof and floor of a shale layer and carbonate within the layer on the accumulation and mining;(3) the effect of carbonate mineral content in the shale on fracturing during production;(4) the influence of natural cracks in shale formation with calcite filling on gas accumulation;and(5) co-accumulation of conventional and carbonate reservoirs and unconventional shale reservoirs.Finally,this work suggests to make an comprehensive consideration on the exploration of shale gas in southern China,involving accumulation of carbonate itself and its effect on accumulation,exploitation,and drilling of shale gas.Thus a new line of thought on the hydrocarbon system can be established,which will guide reasonable deployment of drill holes and further exploration of shale gas.
引文
[1]张金川,姜生玲,唐玄,等.我国页岩气富集类型及资源特点[J].天然气工业,2009,29(12):109-114.
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[3]董大忠,高世葵,黄金亮,等.论四川盆地页岩气资源勘探开发前景[J]天然气工业,2014,34(12):1-15
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[6]肖贤明,王茂林,魏强,等.中国南方下古生界页岩气远景区评价[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(8):1433-1445.
[7]沈彬亮.勘探南方完成焦页5等六口重点探井水文勘测工作[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2014(7):5.
[8]夏玉强.Marcellus页岩气开采的水资源挑战与环境影响[J]科技导报,2010,28(18)103-110.
[9]石兰兰.页岩气产业是个"大金矿"重庆争做开发主战场[EB/OL].http://district.ce.cn/newarea/roll/201208/17/t20120817_23593874.shtml.
[10]聂海宽,张金川,张培先,等.福特沃斯盆地Barnett页岩气藏特征及启示[J]地质科技情报,2009,28(2):87-93
[11]Bowker K A.Barnett shale gas production,Fort Worth Basin:Issues and discussion[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533
[12]Bowker K A.Recent development of the Barnett Shale play,Fort Worth Basin[J].West Texas Geological Society Bulletin,2003,42(6):4-11.
[13]郭彤楼,张汉荣.四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田形成与富集高产模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):28-36
[14]唐颖,邢云,李乐忠,等.页岩储层可压裂性影响因素及评价方法[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):356-363.
[15]杨振恒,李志明,王果寿,等.北美典型页岩气藏岩石学特征、沉积环境和沉积模式及启示[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(6):59-65
[16]赵佩,李贤庆,孙杰,等.田兴旺川南地区下古生界页岩气储层矿物组成与脆性特征研究[J].现代地质,2014,28(2):396-402.
[17]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,等.四川盆地南缘下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层矿物成分特征及意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):775-782.
[18]龙鹏宇,张金川,唐玄,等.泥页岩裂缝发育特征及其对页岩气勘探和开发的影响[J]天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):525-532.
[19]Curtis J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[20]Magoon L B,Dow W G.The petroleum system in L.B.Magoon and W.G.Dow,eds.,The petroleum system-from source to trap[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir,1994,60:3-24.
[2]张大伟,李玉喜,张金川,等.全国页岩气资源潜力调查评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2012.
[3]董大忠,高世葵,黄金亮,等.论四川盆地页岩气资源勘探开发前景[J]天然气工业,2014,34(12):1-15
[4]王建新,冉永平,李坚.抽出“棉被”里的新能源[N].人民日报,2014-05-18002.
[5]李玉喜,聂海宽,龙鹏宇,等.我国富含有机质泥页岩发育特点与页岩气战略选区[J]天然气工业,2009,29(12):115.
[6]肖贤明,王茂林,魏强,等.中国南方下古生界页岩气远景区评价[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(8):1433-1445.
[7]沈彬亮.勘探南方完成焦页5等六口重点探井水文勘测工作[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2014(7):5.
[8]夏玉强.Marcellus页岩气开采的水资源挑战与环境影响[J]科技导报,2010,28(18)103-110.
[9]石兰兰.页岩气产业是个"大金矿"重庆争做开发主战场[EB/OL].http://district.ce.cn/newarea/roll/201208/17/t20120817_23593874.shtml.
[10]聂海宽,张金川,张培先,等.福特沃斯盆地Barnett页岩气藏特征及启示[J]地质科技情报,2009,28(2):87-93
[11]Bowker K A.Barnett shale gas production,Fort Worth Basin:Issues and discussion[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533
[12]Bowker K A.Recent development of the Barnett Shale play,Fort Worth Basin[J].West Texas Geological Society Bulletin,2003,42(6):4-11.
[13]郭彤楼,张汉荣.四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田形成与富集高产模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):28-36
[14]唐颖,邢云,李乐忠,等.页岩储层可压裂性影响因素及评价方法[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):356-363.
[15]杨振恒,李志明,王果寿,等.北美典型页岩气藏岩石学特征、沉积环境和沉积模式及启示[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(6):59-65
[16]赵佩,李贤庆,孙杰,等.田兴旺川南地区下古生界页岩气储层矿物组成与脆性特征研究[J].现代地质,2014,28(2):396-402.
[17]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,等.四川盆地南缘下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层矿物成分特征及意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):775-782.
[18]龙鹏宇,张金川,唐玄,等.泥页岩裂缝发育特征及其对页岩气勘探和开发的影响[J]天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):525-532.
[19]Curtis J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[20]Magoon L B,Dow W G.The petroleum system in L.B.Magoon and W.G.Dow,eds.,The petroleum system-from source to trap[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir,1994,60:3-24.