宁夏沙坡头PM_(10)浓度月-季节分布特征及其气象影响因素
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摘要
以2017年1—12月宁夏沙坡头自然保护区PM_(10)和气象要素的监测数据为基础,采用逐步回归分析研究了不同月份和季节PM_(10)浓度分布特征,并探讨气象要素对PM_(10)浓度的影响。结果表明:PM_(10)浓度存在明显的时间变化特征,就月份而言,5月PM_(10)浓度最高,4月和6月次之,8月和9月最低,季节尺度上春季>冬季>夏季>秋季; PM_(10)浓度受到气象因素影响,风速低于1.5 m·s~(-1)时,PM_(10)浓度随风速的增加而逐渐降低,大于1.5 m·s~(-1)以后,PM_(10)浓度开始逐渐升高;北风对PM_(10)污染有较明显的驱散作用,东风则对PM_(10)污染起累积作用;降水对空气颗粒物有明显的清除和冲刷作用,降水日PM_(10)浓度比无降水日减少46.5%;相对湿度为50%左右,PM_(10)浓度达到最高,此后随相对湿度的增加而逐渐降低;不同时间下,影响PM_(10)浓度的气象因子有所差异。
PM_(10) concentration and meteorological factors in Shapoutou of Ningxia were monitored from January to December of 2017.The variation of PM_(10) concentration in different months and seasons were analyzed using stepwise regression.The effects of meteorological factors on PM_(10) concentration were examined.Results showed that PM_(10) concentration exhibited a markedly temporal variation,being highest in May,followed by April and June,and lowest in August and September.The seasonal variation of PM_(10) concentration followed the order:spring>winter>summer>autumn.PM_(10) concentration was influenced by meteorological factors.PM_(10) concentration decreased with increasing wind velocity when wind velocity was lower than 1.5 m·s~(-1),but with an opposite trend when wind velocity was higher than 1.5 m·s~(-1).PM_(10) concentration was effectively dispersed by north wind but accumulated by east wind.Rain had significant removal effect on PM_(10),with a reduction of 46.5% in rain event.PM_(10) concentration presented a highest value when the relative humidity was about 50%,and then gradually decreased with increasing humidity.As a whole,the PM_(10) concentrations were affected by different meteorological factors at different periods.
PM_(10) concentration and meteorological factors in Shapoutou of Ningxia were monitored from January to December of 2017.The variation of PM_(10) concentration in different months and seasons were analyzed using stepwise regression.The effects of meteorological factors on PM_(10) concentration were examined.Results showed that PM_(10) concentration exhibited a markedly temporal variation,being highest in May,followed by April and June,and lowest in August and September.The seasonal variation of PM_(10) concentration followed the order:spring>winter>summer>autumn.PM_(10) concentration was influenced by meteorological factors.PM_(10) concentration decreased with increasing wind velocity when wind velocity was lower than 1.5 m·s~(-1),but with an opposite trend when wind velocity was higher than 1.5 m·s~(-1).PM_(10) concentration was effectively dispersed by north wind but accumulated by east wind.Rain had significant removal effect on PM_(10),with a reduction of 46.5% in rain event.PM_(10) concentration presented a highest value when the relative humidity was about 50%,and then gradually decreased with increasing humidity.As a whole,the PM_(10) concentrations were affected by different meteorological factors at different periods.
引文
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张玮,郭胜利,申付振,等.2016.南京地区PM2.5和PM10浓度分布特征及与相关气象条件的关系.科学技术与工程,16(4):124-129.
张智,郑广芬,林莉,等.2006.宁夏大风日数气候变化及其对沙尘天气的影响.干旱区资源与环境,20(4):30-34.
赵晨曦,王云琦,王玉杰,等.2014.北京地区冬春PM2.5和PM10污染水平时空分布及其与气象条件的关系.环境科学,35(2):418-427.
郑胡飞,曾勇,张光红.2017.遵义市PM10和PM2.5污染水平时间分布及其与气象条件的关系研究.环境科学管理,42(6):149-152.
郑景云,卞娟娟,葛全胜,等.2013.1981-2010年中国气候区划.科学通报,58(30):3088-3099.
周玉燕,贾晓红,张烜铭,等.2013.土壤碳矿化潜力对沙坡头人工固沙植被演变的响应.生态学杂志,32(6):1371-1377.
Chen B,Lu S,Li S,et al.2015.Impact of fine particulate fluctuation and other variables on Beijing’s air quality index.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22:5139-5151.
Myhre G.2009.Consistency between satellite-derived and modeled estimates of the direct aerosol effect.Science,325:187-190.
Whiteman CD,Hoch SW,Horel JD,et al.2014.Relationship between particulate air pollution and meteorological variables in Utah’s Salt Lake Valley.Atmospheric Environment,94:742-753.
丁凯,刘吉平.2011.近50年中国北方沙尘暴空间分布格局的动态变化研究.干旱区资源与环境,25(4):116-120.
付桂琴,张杏敏,尤凤春,等.2016.气象条件对石家庄PM2.5浓度的影响分析.干旱气象,34(2):349-355.
高继卿,杨晓光,董朝阳,等.2015.气候变化背景下中国北方干湿区降水资源变化特征分析.农业水土工程,31(12):99-110.
黄磊,张余,何明珠,等.2018.腾格里沙漠东南缘风沙环境及其对交通干线生态防护体系的影响.水土保持通报,38(2):135-139.
黄毅,刘春琼,史凯,等.2016.灰霾消散前后PM10浓度大幅波动的多重分形分析.环境科学与技术,39(1):140-146.
金曼,田璐,佟俊旺.2016.我国大气PM10污染对人群死亡率影响的meta分析.环境与健康杂志,33(8):725-729.
蒋轶伦.2011.中国城市典型大气污染物的来源、形成机制及其对大气质量和近海生产力的影响(博士学位论文).上海:复旦大学.
李令军,王英,李金香.2011.北京清洁区大气颗粒物污染特征及长期变化趋势.环境科学,32(2):319-323.
林婧婧,张强.2015.中国气候态变化特征及其对气候变化分析的影响.高原气象,34(6):1593-1600.
刘迺发,吴洪斌,郝耀明.2010.宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区二期综合科学考察.兰州:兰州大学出版社.
刘新春,钟玉婷,何清,等.2011.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地及周边地区PM10时空变化特征及影响因素分析.中国沙漠,31(2):323-330.
刘旭辉,余新晓,张振明,等.2014.林带内PM10、PM2.5污染特征及其与气象条件的关系.生态学杂志,33(7):1715-1721.
马筛艳.2013.2000-2012年银川市PM10浓度统计特征及其气象影响因子研究(硕士学位论文).兰州:兰州大学.
邱雪,张明军,王圣杰.2015.西北干旱区PM10浓度特征及其与水平能见度的关系.生态环境学报,24(3):436-443.
佘峰.2011.兰州地区大气颗粒物的化学特征及沙尘天气对其影响研究(博士学位论文).兰州:兰州大学.
施悯悯,张庆国,张浩,等.2017.合肥市大气能见度变化特征及其影响因素.应用生态学报,28(2):485-492.
史宇,安国安,孙媛,等.2017.2002-2016年北京市PM10浓度时间变化特征.中国环境监测,33(6):38-45.
苏维,张帅珺,赖新云,等.南昌市空气PM2.5和PM10的时空动态及其影响因素.应用生态学报,28(1):257-265.
王芳,吴焕波,陈强.2016.气象因素对兰州市PM10质量浓度的影响.生态环境学报,25(1):99-102.
王巍,陶辉,Dae-seon K,等.2010.北京和阿拉善盟沙尘天气PM10和PM2.5中化学元素含量变化的研究.环境与健康杂志,27(9):763-766.
肖金香.2014.气象学.北京:中国林业出版社.
曾强,李培,倪洋,等.2018.天津市大气可吸入颗粒物与循环系统疾病负担关系的研究.中华心血管病杂志,46(1):50-55.
张玮,郭胜利,申付振,等.2016.南京地区PM2.5和PM10浓度分布特征及与相关气象条件的关系.科学技术与工程,16(4):124-129.
张智,郑广芬,林莉,等.2006.宁夏大风日数气候变化及其对沙尘天气的影响.干旱区资源与环境,20(4):30-34.
赵晨曦,王云琦,王玉杰,等.2014.北京地区冬春PM2.5和PM10污染水平时空分布及其与气象条件的关系.环境科学,35(2):418-427.
郑胡飞,曾勇,张光红.2017.遵义市PM10和PM2.5污染水平时间分布及其与气象条件的关系研究.环境科学管理,42(6):149-152.
郑景云,卞娟娟,葛全胜,等.2013.1981-2010年中国气候区划.科学通报,58(30):3088-3099.
周玉燕,贾晓红,张烜铭,等.2013.土壤碳矿化潜力对沙坡头人工固沙植被演变的响应.生态学杂志,32(6):1371-1377.
Chen B,Lu S,Li S,et al.2015.Impact of fine particulate fluctuation and other variables on Beijing’s air quality index.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22:5139-5151.
Myhre G.2009.Consistency between satellite-derived and modeled estimates of the direct aerosol effect.Science,325:187-190.
Whiteman CD,Hoch SW,Horel JD,et al.2014.Relationship between particulate air pollution and meteorological variables in Utah’s Salt Lake Valley.Atmospheric Environment,94:742-753.