我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素硒含量分布的调查
|
摘要
【目的】研究我国不同地区间各种饲料原料中硒含量分布情况,以及我国畜禽基础饲粮中硒水平,从而为饲粮中合理添补硒提供依据。【方法】对采自全国31个省、直辖市和自治区的7大类(谷物籽实、谷物籽实加工副产品、植物性蛋白饲料、动物性蛋白饲料、牧草类、秸秆类和矿物质饲料)37种饲料原料共3 785个饲料样品,经预处理后用MARS6高通量密闭微波消解系统进行微波消解,然后用离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体-质谱联用仪(IC-ICP-MS)进行测定。用国家标准物质猪肝粉作为参照标准,以保证测定结果的可靠性。【结果】饲料原料中硒含量测定结果表明:谷物籽实(包括玉米、小麦、稻谷和大麦)平均硒含量为0.037 mg·kg~(-1)(范围为0.025—0.044 mg·kg~(-1));谷物籽实加工副产品(包括玉米蛋白粉、玉米DDGS、玉米胚芽粕、次粉、小麦麸、小麦DDGS、碎米和米糠)平均硒含量为0.071 mg·kg~(-1)(范围为0.034—0.124 mg·kg~(-1));植物性蛋白饲料(包括膨化大豆、大豆粕、菜籽粕、棉籽粕、花生粕、亚麻粕和葵花粕)平均硒含量为0.209 mg·kg~(-1)(范围为0.097—0.502 mg·kg~(-1));动物性蛋白饲料(包括鱼粉、肉粉、水解羽毛粉、肠膜蛋白粉、血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉)平均硒含量为1.217 mg·kg~(-1)(范围为0.611—2.220 mg·kg~(-1));牧草类(包括羊草、黑麦草、苜蓿和青贮玉米)平均硒含量为0.062 mg·kg~(-1)(范围为0.057—0.070 mg·kg~(-1));秸秆类(包括玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、稻秸和甘薯藤)平均硒含量为0.069 mg·kg~(-1)(范围为0.033—0.128 mg·kg~(-1));矿物质饲料(包括石粉、磷酸氢钙、骨粉和贝壳粉)平均硒含量为0.352 mg·kg~(-1)(范围为0.085—0.544 mg·kg~(-1))。这37种饲料原料的平均硒含量范围为0.025—2.220 mg·kg~(-1),而各类饲料原料硒含量分布规律是:动物性蛋白饲料(1.217 mg·kg~(-1))>矿物质饲料(0.352 mg·kg~(-1))>植物性蛋白饲料(0.209 mg·kg~(-1))>谷物籽实加工副产品(0.071 mg·kg~(-1))>秸秆类(0.069 mg·kg~(-1))>牧草类(0.062 mg·kg~(-1))>谷物籽实(0.037 mg·kg~(-1))。以省(区)为单位比较,发现不同地区间的玉米、小麦和大豆粕的硒含量差异显著(P<0.05);所测省(区)玉米样品全部缺硒(≤0.05 mg·kg~(-1)),其中有61.1%的省(区)严重缺硒(≤0.02 mg·kg~(-1));四川省小麦严重缺硒(≤0.02 mg·kg~(-1));四川省和内蒙古自治区豆粕缺硒(0.03—0.05 mg·kg~(-1)),河南省豆粕临界缺硒(0.06—0.09 mg·kg~(-1))。根据全国各地猪、鸡常用的153个饲料配方计算出基础饲粮中可提供的硒含量为0.06—0.11 mg·kg~(-1),如根据我国猪、鸡饲养标准中硒含量的要求,基础饲粮中的硒含量仅能提供猪、鸡硒营养需要的约1/4。【结论】我国不同种类和不同地区饲料原料中硒含量差异较大,全国猪、鸡常用基础饲粮配方中硒含量可提供硒营养需要量的约1/4。因此,在实际生产中,建议参考不同地区饲料原料中硒含量分布调查数据,精准配制饲粮,以满足畜禽高效生产的需要及减少硒的添加量。
【Objective】The purpose of this survey was to study the distribution of selenium(Se)contents in various feed ingredients from different regions and the basal diets of pigs and chickens of China,so as to provide a basis for the reasonable addition of Se to the diets.【Method】A total of 3 785 feed samples from 37 feed ingredients which fallen into seven types(cereal feeds,cereal by-products,plant protein feeds,animal protein feeds,pasture feeds,straw feeds and mineral feeds)from 31provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions.After pretreatment,microwave digestion was performed with MARS6high-throughput closed microwave digestion system,and then feed samples were determined by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer(IC-ICP-MS).The pig liver powder was used as a reference material to ensure the reliability of the measurement results.【Result】The determination of Se contents in feedstuffs showed that the average Se content of cereal feeds(including corn,wheat,rice and barley)was 0.037 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.025 to 0.044 mg·kg~(-1));cereal by-products(including corn gluten meal,corn DDGS,corn germ meal,wheat middling,wheat bran,wheat DDGS,broken rice and rice bran)was 0.071 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.034 to 0.124 mg·kg~(-1));plant protein feeds(including extruded soybean,soybean meal,rapeseed meal,cottonseed meal,peanut meal,linseed meal and sunflower meal)was 0.209 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.097 to 0.502 mg·kg~(-1));animal protein feeds(including fish meal,meat meal,hydrolyzed feather meal,dried porcine soluble,plasma protein powder and blood cells protein powder)was 1.217 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.611 to 2.220 mg·kg~(-1));pasture feeds(including Leymus chinensis,ryegrass,alfalfa and corn silage)was 0.062 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.057 to 0.070 mg·kg~(-1));straw feeds(including corn straw,wheat straw,rice straw and sweet potato vine)was 0.069 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.033 to 0.128 mg·kg~(-1));mineral feeds(including limestone,dicalcium phosphate,bone meal and oyster shell meal)was 0.352 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.085 to 0.544 mg·kg~(-1)).Results showed that the average Se contents of these 37 kinds of feeds ranged from 0.025 to 2.220 mg·kg~(-1 )and the Se contents distribution of different species feeds were as follows:animal protein feeds(1.217 mg·kg~(-1))>mineral feeds(0.352 mg·kg~(-1))>plant protein feeds(0.209 mg·kg~(-1))>cereal by-products(0.071 mg·kg~(-1))>straw feeds(0.069 mg·kg~(-1))>pasture feeds(0.062mg·kg~(-1))>cereal feeds(0.037 mg·kg~(-1)).The Se contents in corn,wheat or soybean meal from some provinces(regions)were significantly different(P<0.05).The Se contents of corn samples from all the provinces(regions)were deficient(≤0.05mg·kg~(-1)),and 61.1%provinces(regions)were severely deficient(≤0.02 mg·kg~(-1)).The Se contents of wheat samples from Sichuan province were serious deficient(≤0.02 mg·kg~(-1)).The Se contents of soybean meal samples from Sichuan province and Inner Mongolia were deficient(0.03-0.05 mg·kg~(-1)),and that from Henan province were critical deficient(0.06-0.09 mg·kg~(-1)).Calculated Se contents from 153 feed formulas commonly used in pigs and chickens all over the country ranged from 0.06 to 0.11mg·kg~(-1),which could provide about a quarter of the Se requirement for pigs and chickens according to feeding standards of China.【Conclusion】The Se contents enrichments of feeds in livestock and poultry are different among different types and regions in China.The Se contents in the basal diet formula could provide about a quarter of the Se requirement for pigs and chickens in China.Therefore,it is suggested that we should formulate the diet accurately according to distribution data of Se contents in feedstuffs from different types and different areas,so as to meet the need of efficient production of livestock and poultry and reduce supplemental Se level.
【Objective】The purpose of this survey was to study the distribution of selenium(Se)contents in various feed ingredients from different regions and the basal diets of pigs and chickens of China,so as to provide a basis for the reasonable addition of Se to the diets.【Method】A total of 3 785 feed samples from 37 feed ingredients which fallen into seven types(cereal feeds,cereal by-products,plant protein feeds,animal protein feeds,pasture feeds,straw feeds and mineral feeds)from 31provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions.After pretreatment,microwave digestion was performed with MARS6high-throughput closed microwave digestion system,and then feed samples were determined by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer(IC-ICP-MS).The pig liver powder was used as a reference material to ensure the reliability of the measurement results.【Result】The determination of Se contents in feedstuffs showed that the average Se content of cereal feeds(including corn,wheat,rice and barley)was 0.037 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.025 to 0.044 mg·kg~(-1));cereal by-products(including corn gluten meal,corn DDGS,corn germ meal,wheat middling,wheat bran,wheat DDGS,broken rice and rice bran)was 0.071 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.034 to 0.124 mg·kg~(-1));plant protein feeds(including extruded soybean,soybean meal,rapeseed meal,cottonseed meal,peanut meal,linseed meal and sunflower meal)was 0.209 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.097 to 0.502 mg·kg~(-1));animal protein feeds(including fish meal,meat meal,hydrolyzed feather meal,dried porcine soluble,plasma protein powder and blood cells protein powder)was 1.217 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.611 to 2.220 mg·kg~(-1));pasture feeds(including Leymus chinensis,ryegrass,alfalfa and corn silage)was 0.062 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.057 to 0.070 mg·kg~(-1));straw feeds(including corn straw,wheat straw,rice straw and sweet potato vine)was 0.069 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.033 to 0.128 mg·kg~(-1));mineral feeds(including limestone,dicalcium phosphate,bone meal and oyster shell meal)was 0.352 mg·kg~(-1)(ranged from 0.085 to 0.544 mg·kg~(-1)).Results showed that the average Se contents of these 37 kinds of feeds ranged from 0.025 to 2.220 mg·kg~(-1 )and the Se contents distribution of different species feeds were as follows:animal protein feeds(1.217 mg·kg~(-1))>mineral feeds(0.352 mg·kg~(-1))>plant protein feeds(0.209 mg·kg~(-1))>cereal by-products(0.071 mg·kg~(-1))>straw feeds(0.069 mg·kg~(-1))>pasture feeds(0.062mg·kg~(-1))>cereal feeds(0.037 mg·kg~(-1)).The Se contents in corn,wheat or soybean meal from some provinces(regions)were significantly different(P<0.05).The Se contents of corn samples from all the provinces(regions)were deficient(≤0.05mg·kg~(-1)),and 61.1%provinces(regions)were severely deficient(≤0.02 mg·kg~(-1)).The Se contents of wheat samples from Sichuan province were serious deficient(≤0.02 mg·kg~(-1)).The Se contents of soybean meal samples from Sichuan province and Inner Mongolia were deficient(0.03-0.05 mg·kg~(-1)),and that from Henan province were critical deficient(0.06-0.09 mg·kg~(-1)).Calculated Se contents from 153 feed formulas commonly used in pigs and chickens all over the country ranged from 0.06 to 0.11mg·kg~(-1),which could provide about a quarter of the Se requirement for pigs and chickens according to feeding standards of China.【Conclusion】The Se contents enrichments of feeds in livestock and poultry are different among different types and regions in China.The Se contents in the basal diet formula could provide about a quarter of the Se requirement for pigs and chickens in China.Therefore,it is suggested that we should formulate the diet accurately according to distribution data of Se contents in feedstuffs from different types and different areas,so as to meet the need of efficient production of livestock and poultry and reduce supplemental Se level.
引文
[1]雷新根,赵华,周继昌.哺乳动物硒蛋白研究进展//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会学术研讨会,2008:23-32.LEI X G,ZHAO H,ZHOU J C.Research advances on mammalian selenoproteins//Animal Nutrition Branch of China Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2008:23-32.(in Chinese)
[2]LABUNSKYY V M,HATFIELD D L,GLADYSHEV V N.Selenoproteins:Molecular pathways and physiological roles.Physiological Reviews,2014,94(3):739-777.
[3]吴信,孟田田,万丹,谢春艳,印遇龙.硒在畜禽养殖中的应用研究进展.生物技术进展,2017,7(5):428-432.WU X,MENG T T,WAN D,XIE C Y,YIN Y L.Advance on application of Selenium in livestock and poultry.Progress in Biotechnology,2017,7(5):428-432.(in Chinese)
[4]吴小玲,石建凯,张攀,吴徳,徐盛玉.硒对母猪繁殖性能的影响及其作用机制.动物营养学报,2018,30(2):444-450.WU X L,SHI J K,ZHANG P,WU D,XU S Y.Effects of Selenium on reproductive performance of sows and its mechanism.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(2):444-450.(in Chinese)
[5]HUANG J Q,LI D L,ZHAO H,SUN L H,XIA X J,WANG K N,LUO X,LEI X G.The Selenium deficiency disease exudative diathesis in chicks is associated with downregulation of seven common Selenoprotein genes in liver and muscle.Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(9):1605-1610.
[6]ZHAO X,YAO H D,FAN R F,ZHANG Z W,XU S W.Selenium deficiency influences nitric oxide and selenoproteins in pancreas of chickens.Biological Trace Element Research,2014,161:341-349.
[7]刘金旭,陆肇海,苏琪.家畜家禽的硒营养缺乏的调查研究.中国农业科学,1985(4):76-78.LIU J X,LU Z H,SU Q.Regional Selenium deficiency of feedstuffs in China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1985(4):76-78.(in Chinese)
[8]SAS User?s Guide:Statistics.Version 9.4.SAS Institute Inc.Cary,NC.2003.
[9]苏琪,万贵,段玉琴,陆肇海,刘金旭.中国饲料、牧草中含硒量分布图简要说明.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1985.SU Q,WAN G,DUAN Y Q,LU Z H,LIU J X.A Distribution Map of Selenium Content of Feedstuff and Forages in China.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,1985.(in Chinese)
[10]章世元.动物饲料配方设计.江苏:江苏科学技术出版社,2008.ZHANG S Y.Animal Feed Formulation.Jiangsu:Phoenix Science Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[11]文杰,蔡辉益,呙于明,齐广海,陈继兰,张桂芝,刘国华,熊本海,苏基双,计成,刁其玉,刘汉林.NY/T 33-2004鸡饲养标准.北京:中华人民共和国农业部,2004.WEN J,CAI H Y,GUO Y M,QI G H,CHEN J L,ZHANG G Z,LIUG H,XIONG B H,SU J S,JI C,DIAO Q Y,LIU H L.NY/T 33-2004Feeding Standard of Chicken.Beijing:Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China,2004.(in Chinese)
[12]NRC.Nutrient Requirements of Swine.Washington,DC.National Academy Press,2012.
[13]商常发,张家勤,杨红,吴丹,顾有方,刘徳义,陈会良.凤阳地区部分饲料资源硒含量分析.微量元素与健康研究,2003,20(3):28-29.SHANG C F,ZHANG J Q,YANG H,WU D,GU Y F,LIU D Y,CHEN H L.Determine the content of Selemium in parts feed ingredient in Fengyang.Studies of Trace Elements and Health,2003,20(3):28-29.(in Chinese)
[14]张薛勤,梅晓宏,袁长梅,石文婷.中国不同地区畜禽水产品硒含量分析.中国食物与营养,2018,24(6):15-19.ZHANG X Q,MEI X H,YUAN C M,SHI W T.Selenium content in poultry aquatic products in different areas of China.Food and Nutrition in China,2018,24(6):15-19.(in Chinese)
[15]柏雪,原泽鸿,王建萍,丁雪梅,白世平,曾秋凤,张克英.四川省常用能量饲料和蛋白质饲料中重金属分布研究.动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2847-2860.BAI X,YUAN Z H,WANG J P,DING X M,BAI S P,ZENG Q F,ZHANG K Y.Investigation on heavy metal distribution in energy feedstuffs and protein feedstuffs of Sichuan Province.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(9):2847-2860.(in Chinese)
[16]徐聪,刘媛媛,孟凡乔,吴文良,郭岩彬,李花粉.农产品硒含量及与土壤硒的关系.中国农学通报,2018,34(7):96-103.XU C,LIU Y Y,MENG F Q,WU W L,GUO Y B,LI H F.Selenium content in agricultural products and its relationship with soil Selenium.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2018,34(7):96-103.(in Chinese)
[17]WHITE P J.Selenium accumulation by plants.Annals of Botany,2016,117(2):217-235.
[18]蒋翠文,谢丽萍,李焘,陈伟,牙禹,闫飞燕,蔡卓.广西玉米硒含量及其健康风险评估.西南农业学报,2018,31(3):444-447.JIANG C W,XIE L P,LI T,CHEN W,YA Y,YAN F Y,CAI Z.Selenium content in maize from Guangxi and its health risk assessment.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2018,31(3):444-447.(in Chinese)
[19]黄杰,崔泽玮,杨文晓,周菲,王梦珂,梁东丽.陕西泾惠渠灌区土壤-小麦体系中硒的空间分布特征.环境科学学报,2018,38(2):722-729.HUANG J,CUI Z W,YANG W X,ZHOU F,WANG M K,LIANG DL.Spatial distribution of selenium in soils and winter wheat grain of Jinghui irrigation area of Shaanxi.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(2):722-729.(in Chinese)
[20]张栋,翟勇,张妮,冶军,侯振安.新疆水稻主产区土壤硒含量与水稻籽粒硒含量的相关性.中国土壤与肥料,2017(1):139-143.ZHANG D,ZHAI Y,ZHANG N,YE J,HOU Z A.Correlation between soil selenium content and rice grain selenium content in Xinjiang rice production areas.Soil and Fertilizer Science in China,2017(1):139-143.(in Chinese)
[21]王孟,张军强,谭亚华,商水根,徐印印,石垒,姜硕琛,姜汉峰,熊瑞刚,贾旭东,邢丹英,谢义梅.土壤含硒量对玉米农艺性状、产量及籽粒硒含量的影响.土壤,2018,50(6):1145-1149.WANG M,ZHANG J Q,TAN Y H,SHANG S G,XU Y Y,SHI L,JIANG S C,JIANG H F,XIONG R G,JIA X D,XING D Y,XIE Y M.Effects of Soil Selenium content on agronomic traits,yield and Selenium content of maize.Soils,2018,50(6):1145-1149.(in Chinese)
[22]鲁晋秀,闫秋艳,杨峰,董飞,段增强,李峰,闫翠萍,王苗.土壤硒含量显著影响黑小麦与普通小麦的硒吸收.生态环境学报,2018,27(10):1966-1971.LU J X,YAN Q Y,YANG F,DONG F,DUAN Z Q,LI F,YAN C P,WANG M.Soil Selenium content affects Selenium accumulation in seeds of triticale and bread wheat.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2018,27(10):1966-1971.(in Chinese)
[23]罗定祥.有机物料对土壤硒形态及小麦硒吸收的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学,2018.LUO D X.Effect of organic materials on selenium form of soil and selenium absorption of wheat[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University,2018.(in Chinese)
[24]陈金,潘根兴,王雅玲.土壤硒水平对两种春大豆硒吸收与转化的影响.北京:中国农业科学,2005,38(2):428-432.CHEN J,PAN G X,WANG Y L.Effect of Soil Se Level on Selenium Uptake and Transformation by Two Spring Soybean Cultivars.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(2):428-432.(in Chinese)
[25]陈金,潘根兴,李正文,张艳玲.不同硒水平下两种大豆对土壤中硒吸收积累的生育期动态.大豆科学,2003,22(4):278-282.CHEN J,PAN G X,LI Z W,ZHANG Y L.Dynamics of se uptake and accumulation in growth period by two soybean cultivars under different se-levels of soil.Soybean Science,2003,22(4):278-282.(in Chinese)
[26]杨淑芬.湖南省主要饲料资源分析与评价[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2017.YANG S F.Analysis and evaluation of main feed resources in Hunan province[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[27]NRC.Nutrient Requirements of Poultry.Washington,DC.National Academy Press,1994.
[28]李德发,王康宁,谯仕彦,贾刚,蒋宗勇,陈正玲,林映才,吴徳,朱锡明,熊本海,杨立彬,王凤来.NY/T65-2004猪饲养标准.北京:中华人民共和国农业部,2004.LI D F,WANG K N,QIAO S Y,JIA G,JIANG Z Y,CHEN Z L,LINY C,WU D,ZHU X M,XIONG B H,YANG L B,WANG F L.NY/T65-2004Feeding Standard of Swine.Beijing:Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China,2004.(in Chinese)
[29]李龙,蒋守群,郑春田,苟钟勇,陈芳,林厦菁,谢秀珍,钟少华.饲粮不同硒水平对22~42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化指标的影响.中国家禽,2017,39(10):23-26.LI L,JIANG S Q,ZHENG C T,GOU Z Y,CHEN F,LIN X Q,XIE XZ,ZHONG S H.Effects of dietary selenium level on growth performance and antioxidant indices of yellow-feather broilers aged from 22 to 42 days.China Poultry,2017,39(10):23-26.(in Chinese)
[30]胥保华.纳米硒对Avian肉鸡的生物学效应及其分子机理的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.XU B H.The biological effect of Nano selenium on Avian broiler and approach to the molecular mechanism[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2003.(in Chinese)
[31]RAN S V,PARKASH B,RAJU M V L N,PANDA A K,POONAM S,MURTHY O K.Effect of supplementing organic selenium on performance,carcass traits,oxidative parameters and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens.Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2013,26(2):247-252.
[2]LABUNSKYY V M,HATFIELD D L,GLADYSHEV V N.Selenoproteins:Molecular pathways and physiological roles.Physiological Reviews,2014,94(3):739-777.
[3]吴信,孟田田,万丹,谢春艳,印遇龙.硒在畜禽养殖中的应用研究进展.生物技术进展,2017,7(5):428-432.WU X,MENG T T,WAN D,XIE C Y,YIN Y L.Advance on application of Selenium in livestock and poultry.Progress in Biotechnology,2017,7(5):428-432.(in Chinese)
[4]吴小玲,石建凯,张攀,吴徳,徐盛玉.硒对母猪繁殖性能的影响及其作用机制.动物营养学报,2018,30(2):444-450.WU X L,SHI J K,ZHANG P,WU D,XU S Y.Effects of Selenium on reproductive performance of sows and its mechanism.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(2):444-450.(in Chinese)
[5]HUANG J Q,LI D L,ZHAO H,SUN L H,XIA X J,WANG K N,LUO X,LEI X G.The Selenium deficiency disease exudative diathesis in chicks is associated with downregulation of seven common Selenoprotein genes in liver and muscle.Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(9):1605-1610.
[6]ZHAO X,YAO H D,FAN R F,ZHANG Z W,XU S W.Selenium deficiency influences nitric oxide and selenoproteins in pancreas of chickens.Biological Trace Element Research,2014,161:341-349.
[7]刘金旭,陆肇海,苏琪.家畜家禽的硒营养缺乏的调查研究.中国农业科学,1985(4):76-78.LIU J X,LU Z H,SU Q.Regional Selenium deficiency of feedstuffs in China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1985(4):76-78.(in Chinese)
[8]SAS User?s Guide:Statistics.Version 9.4.SAS Institute Inc.Cary,NC.2003.
[9]苏琪,万贵,段玉琴,陆肇海,刘金旭.中国饲料、牧草中含硒量分布图简要说明.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1985.SU Q,WAN G,DUAN Y Q,LU Z H,LIU J X.A Distribution Map of Selenium Content of Feedstuff and Forages in China.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,1985.(in Chinese)
[10]章世元.动物饲料配方设计.江苏:江苏科学技术出版社,2008.ZHANG S Y.Animal Feed Formulation.Jiangsu:Phoenix Science Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[11]文杰,蔡辉益,呙于明,齐广海,陈继兰,张桂芝,刘国华,熊本海,苏基双,计成,刁其玉,刘汉林.NY/T 33-2004鸡饲养标准.北京:中华人民共和国农业部,2004.WEN J,CAI H Y,GUO Y M,QI G H,CHEN J L,ZHANG G Z,LIUG H,XIONG B H,SU J S,JI C,DIAO Q Y,LIU H L.NY/T 33-2004Feeding Standard of Chicken.Beijing:Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China,2004.(in Chinese)
[12]NRC.Nutrient Requirements of Swine.Washington,DC.National Academy Press,2012.
[13]商常发,张家勤,杨红,吴丹,顾有方,刘徳义,陈会良.凤阳地区部分饲料资源硒含量分析.微量元素与健康研究,2003,20(3):28-29.SHANG C F,ZHANG J Q,YANG H,WU D,GU Y F,LIU D Y,CHEN H L.Determine the content of Selemium in parts feed ingredient in Fengyang.Studies of Trace Elements and Health,2003,20(3):28-29.(in Chinese)
[14]张薛勤,梅晓宏,袁长梅,石文婷.中国不同地区畜禽水产品硒含量分析.中国食物与营养,2018,24(6):15-19.ZHANG X Q,MEI X H,YUAN C M,SHI W T.Selenium content in poultry aquatic products in different areas of China.Food and Nutrition in China,2018,24(6):15-19.(in Chinese)
[15]柏雪,原泽鸿,王建萍,丁雪梅,白世平,曾秋凤,张克英.四川省常用能量饲料和蛋白质饲料中重金属分布研究.动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2847-2860.BAI X,YUAN Z H,WANG J P,DING X M,BAI S P,ZENG Q F,ZHANG K Y.Investigation on heavy metal distribution in energy feedstuffs and protein feedstuffs of Sichuan Province.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(9):2847-2860.(in Chinese)
[16]徐聪,刘媛媛,孟凡乔,吴文良,郭岩彬,李花粉.农产品硒含量及与土壤硒的关系.中国农学通报,2018,34(7):96-103.XU C,LIU Y Y,MENG F Q,WU W L,GUO Y B,LI H F.Selenium content in agricultural products and its relationship with soil Selenium.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2018,34(7):96-103.(in Chinese)
[17]WHITE P J.Selenium accumulation by plants.Annals of Botany,2016,117(2):217-235.
[18]蒋翠文,谢丽萍,李焘,陈伟,牙禹,闫飞燕,蔡卓.广西玉米硒含量及其健康风险评估.西南农业学报,2018,31(3):444-447.JIANG C W,XIE L P,LI T,CHEN W,YA Y,YAN F Y,CAI Z.Selenium content in maize from Guangxi and its health risk assessment.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2018,31(3):444-447.(in Chinese)
[19]黄杰,崔泽玮,杨文晓,周菲,王梦珂,梁东丽.陕西泾惠渠灌区土壤-小麦体系中硒的空间分布特征.环境科学学报,2018,38(2):722-729.HUANG J,CUI Z W,YANG W X,ZHOU F,WANG M K,LIANG DL.Spatial distribution of selenium in soils and winter wheat grain of Jinghui irrigation area of Shaanxi.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(2):722-729.(in Chinese)
[20]张栋,翟勇,张妮,冶军,侯振安.新疆水稻主产区土壤硒含量与水稻籽粒硒含量的相关性.中国土壤与肥料,2017(1):139-143.ZHANG D,ZHAI Y,ZHANG N,YE J,HOU Z A.Correlation between soil selenium content and rice grain selenium content in Xinjiang rice production areas.Soil and Fertilizer Science in China,2017(1):139-143.(in Chinese)
[21]王孟,张军强,谭亚华,商水根,徐印印,石垒,姜硕琛,姜汉峰,熊瑞刚,贾旭东,邢丹英,谢义梅.土壤含硒量对玉米农艺性状、产量及籽粒硒含量的影响.土壤,2018,50(6):1145-1149.WANG M,ZHANG J Q,TAN Y H,SHANG S G,XU Y Y,SHI L,JIANG S C,JIANG H F,XIONG R G,JIA X D,XING D Y,XIE Y M.Effects of Soil Selenium content on agronomic traits,yield and Selenium content of maize.Soils,2018,50(6):1145-1149.(in Chinese)
[22]鲁晋秀,闫秋艳,杨峰,董飞,段增强,李峰,闫翠萍,王苗.土壤硒含量显著影响黑小麦与普通小麦的硒吸收.生态环境学报,2018,27(10):1966-1971.LU J X,YAN Q Y,YANG F,DONG F,DUAN Z Q,LI F,YAN C P,WANG M.Soil Selenium content affects Selenium accumulation in seeds of triticale and bread wheat.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2018,27(10):1966-1971.(in Chinese)
[23]罗定祥.有机物料对土壤硒形态及小麦硒吸收的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学,2018.LUO D X.Effect of organic materials on selenium form of soil and selenium absorption of wheat[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University,2018.(in Chinese)
[24]陈金,潘根兴,王雅玲.土壤硒水平对两种春大豆硒吸收与转化的影响.北京:中国农业科学,2005,38(2):428-432.CHEN J,PAN G X,WANG Y L.Effect of Soil Se Level on Selenium Uptake and Transformation by Two Spring Soybean Cultivars.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(2):428-432.(in Chinese)
[25]陈金,潘根兴,李正文,张艳玲.不同硒水平下两种大豆对土壤中硒吸收积累的生育期动态.大豆科学,2003,22(4):278-282.CHEN J,PAN G X,LI Z W,ZHANG Y L.Dynamics of se uptake and accumulation in growth period by two soybean cultivars under different se-levels of soil.Soybean Science,2003,22(4):278-282.(in Chinese)
[26]杨淑芬.湖南省主要饲料资源分析与评价[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2017.YANG S F.Analysis and evaluation of main feed resources in Hunan province[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[27]NRC.Nutrient Requirements of Poultry.Washington,DC.National Academy Press,1994.
[28]李德发,王康宁,谯仕彦,贾刚,蒋宗勇,陈正玲,林映才,吴徳,朱锡明,熊本海,杨立彬,王凤来.NY/T65-2004猪饲养标准.北京:中华人民共和国农业部,2004.LI D F,WANG K N,QIAO S Y,JIA G,JIANG Z Y,CHEN Z L,LINY C,WU D,ZHU X M,XIONG B H,YANG L B,WANG F L.NY/T65-2004Feeding Standard of Swine.Beijing:Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China,2004.(in Chinese)
[29]李龙,蒋守群,郑春田,苟钟勇,陈芳,林厦菁,谢秀珍,钟少华.饲粮不同硒水平对22~42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化指标的影响.中国家禽,2017,39(10):23-26.LI L,JIANG S Q,ZHENG C T,GOU Z Y,CHEN F,LIN X Q,XIE XZ,ZHONG S H.Effects of dietary selenium level on growth performance and antioxidant indices of yellow-feather broilers aged from 22 to 42 days.China Poultry,2017,39(10):23-26.(in Chinese)
[30]胥保华.纳米硒对Avian肉鸡的生物学效应及其分子机理的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.XU B H.The biological effect of Nano selenium on Avian broiler and approach to the molecular mechanism[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2003.(in Chinese)
[31]RAN S V,PARKASH B,RAJU M V L N,PANDA A K,POONAM S,MURTHY O K.Effect of supplementing organic selenium on performance,carcass traits,oxidative parameters and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens.Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2013,26(2):247-252.