减震孔在小间距隧道爆破开挖中的降振效应
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摘要
为降低小间距隧道爆破开挖中爆破振动对既有隧道产生的影响,确保其正常运营,设置减震孔是一种有效的控爆措施。利用ANSYS/LS DYNA软件对减震孔在不同布置位置和形式的掏槽爆破进行数值模拟计算,发现:在传播方向上,随着减震孔与爆源距离L的增大,质点水平方向峰值振动速度和质点峰值振动速度先减小后增大,而质点垂直方向峰值振动速度相反。当距离L为1 m时,布置双排梅花形减震孔效果最好,减振效率为10%～20%,其中垂直方向减振效率最高达到45%,并将小间距既有隧道中墙体迎爆侧破坏作为安全评价基准。通过理论计算得出减震孔在隧道爆破中的衰减规律,为爆破振动强度的预测提供依据。
In order to reduce the impact of blasting vibration on the existing tunnels in the blasting excavation of tunnels with small spacing and ensure their normal operation,setting damping holes can effectively control the blasting.In this paper,ANSYS/LS DYNA software was used to numerically simulate the blasting of damping holes in different positions and forms.It has been found that in the direction of propagation,with the increase of the distance L between the damping hole and the blasting source,the peak vibration velocity of the particle in the horizontal direction and the peak vibration velocity of the particle first decrease and then increase,while the peak velocity of the particle in the vertical direction first increases and then decreases.When the distance Lis 1 m,the double-row plum-shaped damping holes have the best effect,and the damping efficiency is 10%-20%.The damping efficiency in the vertical direction can reach as high as 45%.And the damage on the explosion side of the wall of tunnels with small spacing serves as a safety evaluation benchmark.The attenuation law of damping holes in tunnel blasting is obtained by theoretical calculation,which provides a basis for the prediction of blasting vibration intensity.
In order to reduce the impact of blasting vibration on the existing tunnels in the blasting excavation of tunnels with small spacing and ensure their normal operation,setting damping holes can effectively control the blasting.In this paper,ANSYS/LS DYNA software was used to numerically simulate the blasting of damping holes in different positions and forms.It has been found that in the direction of propagation,with the increase of the distance L between the damping hole and the blasting source,the peak vibration velocity of the particle in the horizontal direction and the peak vibration velocity of the particle first decrease and then increase,while the peak velocity of the particle in the vertical direction first increases and then decreases.When the distance Lis 1 m,the double-row plum-shaped damping holes have the best effect,and the damping efficiency is 10%-20%.The damping efficiency in the vertical direction can reach as high as 45%.And the damage on the explosion side of the wall of tunnels with small spacing serves as a safety evaluation benchmark.The attenuation law of damping holes in tunnel blasting is obtained by theoretical calculation,which provides a basis for the prediction of blasting vibration intensity.
引文
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[11]李克先,赵继增,雷刚.隧道控制爆破深大减震孔减震效果对比[J].隧道建设,2015,35(6):595-600.LI Kexian,ZHAO Jizeng,LEI Gang.Study on vibration-reducing effect of deep and large vibration-reducing hole:Case study on control blasting of a shallow-buried mined station of Qingdao Metro[J].Tunnel Construction,2015,35(6):595-600.
[12]黎罡.工程爆破中减震孔的隔震机理与效果研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2014.
[13]惠峰,李志龙,徐全军,等.空孔对爆破地震波减震作用的数值模拟分析[J].爆破,2012,29(4):58-61.HUI Feng,LI Zhilong,XU Quanjun,et al.Numerical simulation on effect of empty hole on damping of blasting vibration[J].Blasting,2012,29(4):58-61.
[14]何兴贵,左宇军,赵明生,等.减震孔对爆破振动的影响规律研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2016,36(9):93-96.HE Xinggui,ZUO Yujun,ZHAO Mingsheng,et al.Influence study of damping hole on blasting vibration[J].Mining Research and Development,2016,36(9):93-96.
[15]蔡路军,马建军.预裂爆破减震机理及效果分析[J].中国矿业,2005(5):56-58.CAI Lujun,MA Jianjun.The shock absorption mechanism and its effect analysis of pre-splitting blasting[J].China Mining Magazine,2005(5):56-58.
[16]李利平,李术才,张庆松,等.小间距隧道爆破动力响应分析[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(7):100-106.LI Liping,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Analysis of dynamic response on blasting excavation of close-spaced tunnel[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2008,25(7):100-106.
[2]纪玉国.不同围压应力条件下单排三炮孔爆破破岩机理数值模拟研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2018.
[3]周仕仁,周建敏,王洪华,等.地铁隧道爆破参数优化及其振动效应研究[J].爆破,2018,35(2):85-89.ZHOU Shiren,ZHOU Jianmin,WANG Honghua,et al.Analysis of blasting parameters optimization and blasting vibration effects of subway excavation[J].Blasting,2018,35(2):85-89.
[4]张宪堂,王洪立.边坡开挖中预裂爆破的减震效应分析与应用[J].煤矿爆破,2008(1):24-27.ZHANG Xiantang,WANG Hongli.Analysis on the effect of shock-absorption in pre-splitting blasting and its application in the slope excavation[J].Coal Mine Blasting,2008(1):24-27.
[5]刘伟,张伟,陈士海.深部岩石巷道爆破卸荷的破裂范围研究[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,32(2):66-70.LIU Wei,ZHANG Wei,CHEN Shihai.Study on cracking area of deep rock tunnel under blasting unloading[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2013,32(2):66-70.
[6]王海亮,陈吉辉.隧道上台阶分区爆破振动规律[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,37(3):43-50.WANG Hailiang,CHEN Jihui.Vibration law of partition blasting in upper bench of tunnel[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2018,37(3):43-50.
[7]张宪堂,张晓明,孙远平,等.井下积水对下山巷道爆破震动的影响研究[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,29(5):48-52.ZHANG Xiantang,ZHANG Xiaoming,SUN Yuanping,et al.Study on influence of the accumulated water underground on blasting vibration in dip entries[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2010,29(5):48-52.
[8]王海亮,何闯.钢拱架限制下的隧道超欠挖控制爆破技术[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(5):49-54.WANG Hailiang,HE Chuang.Control blasting technique of overbreak and underbreak under the limitation of steel arch in metro tunnel[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2016,35(5):49-54.
[9]丁松波,吴从师,罗杰峰,等.地铁基坑爆破中减震孔的降振效果实测研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2014(4):85-89.DING Songbo,WU Congshi,LUO Jiefeng,et al.Study on the effect of damping hole on reducing blasting vibration under the excavation of subway foundation pits[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2014(4):85-89.
[10]张宪堂,国胜兵,陈士海.水电站地下厂房结构爆破地震效应测试分析[J].水利水电技术,2003(7):44-46.ZHANG Xiantang,GUO Shengbing,CHEN Shihai.Test and analysis of seismic effect of underground powerhouse structure of hydropower station[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2003(7):44-46.
[11]李克先,赵继增,雷刚.隧道控制爆破深大减震孔减震效果对比[J].隧道建设,2015,35(6):595-600.LI Kexian,ZHAO Jizeng,LEI Gang.Study on vibration-reducing effect of deep and large vibration-reducing hole:Case study on control blasting of a shallow-buried mined station of Qingdao Metro[J].Tunnel Construction,2015,35(6):595-600.
[12]黎罡.工程爆破中减震孔的隔震机理与效果研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2014.
[13]惠峰,李志龙,徐全军,等.空孔对爆破地震波减震作用的数值模拟分析[J].爆破,2012,29(4):58-61.HUI Feng,LI Zhilong,XU Quanjun,et al.Numerical simulation on effect of empty hole on damping of blasting vibration[J].Blasting,2012,29(4):58-61.
[14]何兴贵,左宇军,赵明生,等.减震孔对爆破振动的影响规律研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2016,36(9):93-96.HE Xinggui,ZUO Yujun,ZHAO Mingsheng,et al.Influence study of damping hole on blasting vibration[J].Mining Research and Development,2016,36(9):93-96.
[15]蔡路军,马建军.预裂爆破减震机理及效果分析[J].中国矿业,2005(5):56-58.CAI Lujun,MA Jianjun.The shock absorption mechanism and its effect analysis of pre-splitting blasting[J].China Mining Magazine,2005(5):56-58.
[16]李利平,李术才,张庆松,等.小间距隧道爆破动力响应分析[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(7):100-106.LI Liping,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Analysis of dynamic response on blasting excavation of close-spaced tunnel[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2008,25(7):100-106.