罗源湾底栖动物群落结构变化对海域退养行为的响应
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摘要
在罗源湾全面网箱退养前后(2010—2017年)共进行了6个航次的夏季大型底栖动物调查,共鉴定大型底栖动物156种,其中多毛类71种,甲壳动物37种,软体动物20种,棘皮动物10种,其它类动物18种。生物群落结构的年际变化与全面退养行为呈明显的相关性。退养前(2010—2013年)种类数年际变化呈现显著下降的趋势,实施海域退养整治后(2016—2017年)年种数明显回升;年度总丰度和总生物量呈现以退养前后为返转的显著年际上升再回落的趋势,优势类群多毛类的年际变化趋势与此相同,而主要类群软体动物的变化趋势与此相反;总体上三项多样性指数都呈现以退养前后为拐点的逐渐降低再回升趋稳的大致变动过程,多样性变动与退养整治前后环境的转变明显关联。ABC曲线应用分析表明退养前底栖动物群落受到中度的污染扰动,退养后群落未受污染扰动;罗源湾底栖动物群落结构变化对海域退养行为的响应明显。
Six voyage investigations were conducted for macrozoobenthos in Luoyuan Bay in summer during2010—2017. A total of 156 species of macrozoobenthos were identified,including 71 species of Polychaetes,37 species of Crustaceans,20 species of Mollusks,10 species of Echinoderms,and 18 other species. The annual changes in biome structure were significantly correlated with the overall retreat behavior. The number of species before the retreat( 2010—2013) showed a significant downward trend. After the completion of the retreat of mariculture( 2016—2017),the number of species increased significantly. The annual total abundance and total biomass showed a trend of significant annual growth contrasting retreat before with after retreat,and the annual trend of the dominant group of Polychaetes was the same,while the trend of Mollusks in one of the main groups was opposite. On the whole,the three diversity indices all showed a general change process of gradually decreasing and then rising and stabilizing as the inflection point before and after the retreat of mariculture. The diversity change was obviously related to the environmental change before and after the retreat of mariculture. The application analysis of ABC curve indicated that the benthic community before the rearing was moderately disturbed by pollution,while the benthic community after the rearing was not disturbed by pollution. The structure change of benthic community in Luoyuan Bay responded significantly to the retiring behavior of the mariculture.
Six voyage investigations were conducted for macrozoobenthos in Luoyuan Bay in summer during2010—2017. A total of 156 species of macrozoobenthos were identified,including 71 species of Polychaetes,37 species of Crustaceans,20 species of Mollusks,10 species of Echinoderms,and 18 other species. The annual changes in biome structure were significantly correlated with the overall retreat behavior. The number of species before the retreat( 2010—2013) showed a significant downward trend. After the completion of the retreat of mariculture( 2016—2017),the number of species increased significantly. The annual total abundance and total biomass showed a trend of significant annual growth contrasting retreat before with after retreat,and the annual trend of the dominant group of Polychaetes was the same,while the trend of Mollusks in one of the main groups was opposite. On the whole,the three diversity indices all showed a general change process of gradually decreasing and then rising and stabilizing as the inflection point before and after the retreat of mariculture. The diversity change was obviously related to the environmental change before and after the retreat of mariculture. The application analysis of ABC curve indicated that the benthic community before the rearing was moderately disturbed by pollution,while the benthic community after the rearing was not disturbed by pollution. The structure change of benthic community in Luoyuan Bay responded significantly to the retiring behavior of the mariculture.
引文
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[12] Pielou E C. Ecological Diversity[M]. New York:John Wiley,1975.
[13] Warwick R M. A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities[J].Marine Biology,1986,92(4):557-562.
[14] Dean H K. The use of polychaetes(Annelida)as indicator species of marine pollution:a review[J].Revista De Biología Tropical,2015,56(S4):11-38.
[15] Grémare A,Amouroux J M,Vétion G. Long-term comparison of macrobenthos within the soft bottoms of the Bay of Banyuls-sur-mer(northwestern Mediterranean Sea)[J]. Journal of Sea Research,1998,40(3-4):281-302.
[16] Frouin P. Effects of anthropogenic disturbances of tropical soft-bottom benthic communities[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2000,194(1):39-53.
[17]龚志军,谢平,唐汇涓,等.水体富营养化对大型底栖动物群落结构及生物性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(3):210-216.
[18]曲方圆,于子山,隋吉星,等.丰度生物量比较法应用局限性[J].海洋科学,2009,33(6):118-120.
[2]余兴光.海湾环境容量与生态环境保护研究以罗源湾为例[M].北京:海洋出版社,2010.
[3]张超.罗源湾水环境质量与环境容量研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
[4]福建省人民政府.沿海设区市海洋环保责任目标(2011—2015)[EB/OL].[2012-02-02]. http://www. fujian. gov. cn/zc/zxwj/szfwj/201204/t20120410_464923. htm.
[5]余钦明.罗源湾水产养殖现状分析和对策探讨[J].福建农业科技,2012,(8):81-83.
[6]钟硕良,许翠娅,杨妙峰,等.福建海洋渔业生态环境研究现状及发展趋势[J].福建水产,2011,33(3):52-58.
[7]福建省海洋与渔业厅.罗源湾内水产养殖将退出历史舞台[EB/OL].[2015-12-07]. http://www.fjof. gov. cn/xxgk/hydt/qgdt/201512/t20151207_360442.htm.
[8]何明海.利用底栖生物监测与评价海洋环境质量[J].海洋环境科学,1989,8(4):49-54.
[9]国家质量技术监督局. GB/T 17378. 7—2007海洋监测规范第7部分近海污染生态调查和生物监测[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[10] Margalef R. Perspective in Ecological Theory[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1968.
[11] Shannon C E,Weaver W. The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M]. Urbana IL:University of Illinois Press,1949.
[12] Pielou E C. Ecological Diversity[M]. New York:John Wiley,1975.
[13] Warwick R M. A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities[J].Marine Biology,1986,92(4):557-562.
[14] Dean H K. The use of polychaetes(Annelida)as indicator species of marine pollution:a review[J].Revista De Biología Tropical,2015,56(S4):11-38.
[15] Grémare A,Amouroux J M,Vétion G. Long-term comparison of macrobenthos within the soft bottoms of the Bay of Banyuls-sur-mer(northwestern Mediterranean Sea)[J]. Journal of Sea Research,1998,40(3-4):281-302.
[16] Frouin P. Effects of anthropogenic disturbances of tropical soft-bottom benthic communities[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2000,194(1):39-53.
[17]龚志军,谢平,唐汇涓,等.水体富营养化对大型底栖动物群落结构及生物性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(3):210-216.
[18]曲方圆,于子山,隋吉星,等.丰度生物量比较法应用局限性[J].海洋科学,2009,33(6):118-120.