畜禽粪肥添加及干湿交替强度对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响
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摘要
水肥管理是农业土壤田间管理的重要措施,对农业土壤质量和生态稳定性具有重要的影响。以长期施用化肥的稻麦轮作低有机碳含量的犁底层土壤为供试土壤,通过设置添加畜禽粪肥处理和干湿交替强度处理的室内培养实验,研究水肥管理对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。结果表明,添加畜禽粪肥显著提高了土壤微生物群落对碳源的利用能力,添加鸡粪肥和猪粪肥处理土壤总AWCD值分别为空白对照的4.5倍和5.9 倍;土壤微生物群落丰富度指数、辛普森指数和香农指数均显著高于对照。干湿交替强度对微生物群落功能多样性也产生了明显影响,表现出对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的激发作用,其中强干湿交替最为明显。因子分析、对应分析和聚类分析结果表明,添加畜禽粪肥是土壤微生物群落功能多样性变化的主控因子,而干湿交替胁迫是第二控制因子。综合分析结果表明,添加畜禽粪肥和干湿交替主要是通过改变土壤中碳水化合物和氨基酸类碳源等影响土壤微生物群落功能多样性。
Water and fertilizer management is one of important measures in agricultural field management,it may control the quality and ecological stability of agricultural soil. In this study,the tested soil samples were taken from the plough-pan of a rice and wheat rotation agricultural system with long-term application of chemical fertilizer.The organic carbon content of tested soil was poor. Incubation experiment was established with the amendment of livestock and poultry manure and the intensity of wetting-drying cycle,to understand the effects of water and organic fertilizer management on soil microbial community functional diversity. Results showed that livestock and poultry manure amendment significantly improved the carbon using ability of soil microbial community. The soil AWCD value with poultry manure and livestock manure treatment was 4.5 and 5.9 times higher than that in control soil respectively;Richness index,Simpson index and Shannon index of soil microbial community were significantly higher than those of control. Wetting-drying cycle intensity also had a significant influence on soil microbial community functional diversity,showing the priming effect on soil microbial community functional diversity. And the strong wetting-drying cycle had the most obvious effect on it. Results of factor analysis,correspondence analysis and cluster analysis showed that livestock and poultry manure amendment was the main control factor on soil microbial community function diversity,while the wetting-drying cycle was the second control factor. The results indicated that the combined effect of livestock and poultry manure amendment and wetting-drying cycle could influence the functional diversity of soil microbial community by changing the carbohydrate and amino acid carbon source in soil.
Water and fertilizer management is one of important measures in agricultural field management,it may control the quality and ecological stability of agricultural soil. In this study,the tested soil samples were taken from the plough-pan of a rice and wheat rotation agricultural system with long-term application of chemical fertilizer.The organic carbon content of tested soil was poor. Incubation experiment was established with the amendment of livestock and poultry manure and the intensity of wetting-drying cycle,to understand the effects of water and organic fertilizer management on soil microbial community functional diversity. Results showed that livestock and poultry manure amendment significantly improved the carbon using ability of soil microbial community. The soil AWCD value with poultry manure and livestock manure treatment was 4.5 and 5.9 times higher than that in control soil respectively;Richness index,Simpson index and Shannon index of soil microbial community were significantly higher than those of control. Wetting-drying cycle intensity also had a significant influence on soil microbial community functional diversity,showing the priming effect on soil microbial community functional diversity. And the strong wetting-drying cycle had the most obvious effect on it. Results of factor analysis,correspondence analysis and cluster analysis showed that livestock and poultry manure amendment was the main control factor on soil microbial community function diversity,while the wetting-drying cycle was the second control factor. The results indicated that the combined effect of livestock and poultry manure amendment and wetting-drying cycle could influence the functional diversity of soil microbial community by changing the carbohydrate and amino acid carbon source in soil.
引文
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[18]郑华,欧阳志云,方治国,等.BIOLOG在土壤微生物群落功能多样性研究中的应用[J].土壤学报,2004,1(3):456-461.
[19]Gomez E,Ferreras L,Toresani S.Soil bacterial functional diversity as influenced by orga nic amendment application[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(13):1484-1489.
[20]Wada S,Toyota K.Repeated applications of farmyard manure enhance resistance and resilience of soil biological functions against soil disinfection[J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2007,43(3):349-356.
[21]Perucci P.Enzyme activity and microbial biomass in a field soil amended with municipal refuse[J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,1992,14(1):54-60.
[22]Marinari S,Masciandaro G,Ceccanti B,et al.Influence of organic and mineral fertilisers on soil biological and physical properties[J].Bioresource Technology,2000,72(1):9-17.
[23]Zhang B,Yao S H,Hu F.Microbial biomass dynamics and soil wettability as affected by the intensity and frequency of wetting and drying during straw decomposition[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2007,58(6):1482-1492.
[24]Zhao B,Chen J,Zhang J,et al.Soil microbial biomass and activity response to repeated drying–rewetting cycles along a soil fertility gradient modified by long-term fertilization management practices[J].Geoderma,2010,160(2):218-224.
[25]Bunemann E K,Schwenke G D,Van Zwieten L.Impact of agricultural inputs on soil organisms- a review[J].Journal of Soil Research,2006,44(4):379-406.
[2]张传更,高阳,张立明,等.水分管理措施对施用有机肥麦田土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(2):38-44.
[3]宁川川,王建武,蔡昆争.有机肥对土壤肥力和土壤环境质量的影响研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(1):175-181.
[4]邢鹏飞,武晓森,高圣超,等.不同施肥处理对玉米-小麦轮作土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].微生物学杂志,2016,36(1):22-29.
[5]刘晓燕,金继运,任天志,等.中国有机肥料养分资源潜力和环境风险分析[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2092-2098.
[6]徐明岗,梁国庆,张夫道.中国土壤肥力演变[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2015.
[7]林先贵,冯有智.潮土农田微生物研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):416-434.
[8]Grayston S J,Wang S,Campbell C D,et al.Selective influence of plant species on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1998,30(3):369-378.
[9]Zhong W H,Gu T,Wei W,et al.The effects of mineral fertilizer and organic manure on soil microbial community and diversity[J].Plant & Soil,2010,326(1/2):523.
[10]Kamaa M,Mburu H,Blanchart E,et al.Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil bacterial and fungal microbial diversity in the Kabete long-term trial,Kenya[J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2011,47(3):315-321.
[11]Harrison-Kirk T,Beare M H,Meenken E D,et al.Soil organic matter and texture affect responses to dry/wet cycles:Effects on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57:43-55.
[12]Bapiri A,B??th E,Rousk J.Drying–rewetting cycles affect fungal and bacterial growth differently in an arable soil[J].Microbial Ecology,2010,60(2):419-428.
[13]Gordon H,Haygarth P M,Bardgett R D.Drying and rewetting effects on soil microbial community composition and nutrient leaching[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(2):302-311.
[14]Hamer U,Unger M,Makeschin F.Impact of air‐drying and rewetting on PLFA profiles of soil microbial communities[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2007,170(2):259-264.
[15]Crecchio C,Curci M,Pellegrino A,et al.Soil microbial dynamics and genetic diversity in soil under monoculture wheat grown in different longterm management systems[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(6):1391-1400.
[16]Torsvik V,?vre?s L.Microbial diversity and function in soil:from genes to ecosystems[J].Current Opinion in Microbiology,2002,5(3):240-245.
[17]申卫收,林先贵,张华勇,等.不同施肥处理下蔬菜塑料大棚土壤微生物活性及功能多样性[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2682-2689.
[18]郑华,欧阳志云,方治国,等.BIOLOG在土壤微生物群落功能多样性研究中的应用[J].土壤学报,2004,1(3):456-461.
[19]Gomez E,Ferreras L,Toresani S.Soil bacterial functional diversity as influenced by orga nic amendment application[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(13):1484-1489.
[20]Wada S,Toyota K.Repeated applications of farmyard manure enhance resistance and resilience of soil biological functions against soil disinfection[J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2007,43(3):349-356.
[21]Perucci P.Enzyme activity and microbial biomass in a field soil amended with municipal refuse[J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,1992,14(1):54-60.
[22]Marinari S,Masciandaro G,Ceccanti B,et al.Influence of organic and mineral fertilisers on soil biological and physical properties[J].Bioresource Technology,2000,72(1):9-17.
[23]Zhang B,Yao S H,Hu F.Microbial biomass dynamics and soil wettability as affected by the intensity and frequency of wetting and drying during straw decomposition[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2007,58(6):1482-1492.
[24]Zhao B,Chen J,Zhang J,et al.Soil microbial biomass and activity response to repeated drying–rewetting cycles along a soil fertility gradient modified by long-term fertilization management practices[J].Geoderma,2010,160(2):218-224.
[25]Bunemann E K,Schwenke G D,Van Zwieten L.Impact of agricultural inputs on soil organisms- a review[J].Journal of Soil Research,2006,44(4):379-406.