烟草膜下集雨抗旱移栽技术初探
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摘要
以井窖式移栽为对照,通过零星雨水利用、减工降本、节水抗旱、烟株长势、后续补水和定量追肥等方面对膜下集雨抗旱移栽技术进行系统分析比较,以期为膜下集雨抗旱移栽技术在贵州西部烟区大面积推广提供依据。结果表明:该技术能将3~4月的零星无效降水变为有效降水,蓄集雨水就地利用,缩短育苗周期,省去打孔移栽环节,并可长久保持土壤墒情,烟株长势较好,可为后续补水、补肥提供便利。该技术具有较高的推广应用价值,但仍存在一些问题,可改进和完善后推广。
In order to provide the basis for the application of drought-resistance transplantation technology in tobacco production in western Guizhou province,rainwater collection under mulch film and transplanting technology were analyzed and compared from the aspects of sporadic use of rainwater,water-saving and drought-resistance,reduce work and cost,Subsequent filling water,quantify topdressing,etc,well-cellar transplanting technique was taken as control. The results showed that: the technology could change the scattered invalid sporadic rainwater during March and April into effective precipitation,and the accumulated precipitation could be used at situ,seedling stage was reduced,the cost of rainwater harvesting equipment was reduced,soil moisture could be kept longer,the tobacco plant growth was better,the following irrigation and fertilization were more facilitated. This technology has good use value,but there are still some problems that need to be further improvement and perfection for generalization.
In order to provide the basis for the application of drought-resistance transplantation technology in tobacco production in western Guizhou province,rainwater collection under mulch film and transplanting technology were analyzed and compared from the aspects of sporadic use of rainwater,water-saving and drought-resistance,reduce work and cost,Subsequent filling water,quantify topdressing,etc,well-cellar transplanting technique was taken as control. The results showed that: the technology could change the scattered invalid sporadic rainwater during March and April into effective precipitation,and the accumulated precipitation could be used at situ,seedling stage was reduced,the cost of rainwater harvesting equipment was reduced,soil moisture could be kept longer,the tobacco plant growth was better,the following irrigation and fertilization were more facilitated. This technology has good use value,but there are still some problems that need to be further improvement and perfection for generalization.
引文
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[19]王跃金,布云虹,耿少武,等.楚雄州推广烤烟小苗膜下移栽技术的实践与思考[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(26):10592-10595.
[20]蒋承耿,蒋诗栋,王丹林,等.一种烟地抗旱集雨结构[P].中国专利:201620284541.6.2016.
[21]李长权,杨文钢,黄占平,等.六盘水烟区烤烟井窖式移栽配套技术研究[J].现代农业科技,2012(22):9-11,13.
[2]潘旭,张福全,董均方,等.不同材质漂浮育苗小拱棚对烟苗质量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2017,45(1):44-46.
[3]秦江.六盘水春旱特征及其对农业生产的影响[J].农技服务,2013,30(3):272-274.
[4]孙达,程森,张妙仙,等.攀枝花地区集雨池覆盖保水和烤烟推迟移栽试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2008(9):109-111.
[5]寇江涛,师尚礼,王琦,等.垄沟集雨对紫花苜蓿草地土壤水分、容重和孔隙度的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(6):1336-1342.
[6]李春荣,李向林,徐柱,等.垄沟种植对老芒麦种子产量及组分的影响[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(5):40-46.
[7]王彩荣.覆膜集雨栽培对半湿润易旱地区作物水分养分吸收及产量的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[8]吴荣美.秸秆还田与全膜双垄集雨沟播耦合对玉米资源利用效率及土壤质量的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[9]刘震,秦舒浩,王蒂,等.陇中半干旱区集雨限灌对马铃薯干物质积累和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(4):46-49.
[10]杨荣慧,孙宝胜,鲁向平,等.用于山地的移动式节水灌溉装置[P].中国专利:200820028612.1.2009.
[11]杨荣慧,陈建伟,王延平,等.山地新型简易滴灌系统设计与应用研究[J].西北林学院学报,2005,20(1):98-101.
[12]邢尚军,徐振,刘方春,等.干旱山地集雨装置系统研制及其应用效应分析[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):215-218,223.
[13]胡泽宗.势能集雨池自喷灌溉技术[J].农机站,2003(9):52-53.
[14]李玉玲,张鹏,张艳,等.旱区集雨种植方式对土壤水分、温度的时空变化及春玉米产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016(6):1084-1096.
[15]展彬华.烤烟井窖式移栽技术在黔西南州的应用[J].农业与技术,2014(4):122.
[16]穆青,蔡立.2种烤烟井窖式移栽技术在黔西南州的应用与比较[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(36):39-40.
[17]张炜,屠乃美,王可,等.烤烟井窖式小苗移栽技术研究进展[J].作物研究,2014,28(1):107-111.
[18]牛建行.适应井窖式移栽的烟苗培育技术研究[D].重庆:西南大学硕士学位论文,2016.
[19]王跃金,布云虹,耿少武,等.楚雄州推广烤烟小苗膜下移栽技术的实践与思考[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(26):10592-10595.
[20]蒋承耿,蒋诗栋,王丹林,等.一种烟地抗旱集雨结构[P].中国专利:201620284541.6.2016.
[21]李长权,杨文钢,黄占平,等.六盘水烟区烤烟井窖式移栽配套技术研究[J].现代农业科技,2012(22):9-11,13.