茎秆特性和木质素合成与青稞抗倒伏关系
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摘要
倒伏是影响青稞品质和产量的主要因子之一,开展抗倒伏机制研究对抗倒伏品种选育意义重大。以青稞品种昆仑14号、昆仑16号和藏2972为抗倒伏材料,门源亮蓝、北青6号和化隆红青稞为倒伏材料,通过茎秆特性、茎秆中纤维素和木质素含量及其合成相关酶活性的研究,探讨茎秆特性与木质素合成同青稞抗倒性之间的关系。结果表明,相比于倒伏品种,抗倒伏品种的茎较短,茎秆中酪氨酸解氨酶(TAL)、苯丙氨酸转氨酶(PAL)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)和4-香豆酸:CoA连接酶(4CL)活性升高,使茎秆内积累较多的木质素,增大了茎秆抗折力,进而增强青稞抗倒伏能力。
Lodging is one of the main limiting factors affecting the quality and yield of hulless barley.It is of great significance to carry out the research on the lodging resistance mechanism and breeding lodging resistant varieties.The hulless barley varieties Kunlun 14,Kunlun 16,Zang 2972 were used as lodging resistant materials,and Menyuanlianglan,Beiqing 6,Hualonghongqingke as lodging materials,to measure the characteristics of stems,contents of cellulose and lignin in stems and activities of their related enzymes.Compared with the lodging varieties,the lodging resistant varieties had shorter stem,and stronger stem breaking-resistant strength.Four enzyme activities related to lignin synthesis were higher and more lignin was accumulated in the stems of lodging resistant varieties.The activities of tyrosine ammonia-lyase(TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase(CAD),and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase(4 CL) in the stems increased,which caused more lignin to accumulate in stems,increasing stem breaking-resistant strength and enhancing lodging resistance of hulless barley.
Lodging is one of the main limiting factors affecting the quality and yield of hulless barley.It is of great significance to carry out the research on the lodging resistance mechanism and breeding lodging resistant varieties.The hulless barley varieties Kunlun 14,Kunlun 16,Zang 2972 were used as lodging resistant materials,and Menyuanlianglan,Beiqing 6,Hualonghongqingke as lodging materials,to measure the characteristics of stems,contents of cellulose and lignin in stems and activities of their related enzymes.Compared with the lodging varieties,the lodging resistant varieties had shorter stem,and stronger stem breaking-resistant strength.Four enzyme activities related to lignin synthesis were higher and more lignin was accumulated in the stems of lodging resistant varieties.The activities of tyrosine ammonia-lyase(TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase(CAD),and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase(4 CL) in the stems increased,which caused more lignin to accumulate in stems,increasing stem breaking-resistant strength and enhancing lodging resistance of hulless barley.
引文
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[25]石海燕,张玉星.木质素生物合成途径中关键酶基因的分子特征.中国农学通报,2011,27(5):288-291.Shi H Y,Zhang Y X.Molecular characterization of key enzyme genes related to the pathway of lignin biosynthesis.Chin Agric Sci Bull,2011,27(5):288-291(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[2]白羿雄,姚晓华,姚有华,吴昆仑.适度水分亏缺管理提高青稞营养品质和环境效益.植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24:499-506.Bai Y X,Yao X H,Yao Y H,Wu K L.Mild water deficit management to achieve high nutrition quality of hulless barley and environmental benefit.J Plant Nutr Fert,2018,24:499-506(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]Wang J,Zhu J M,Lin Q Q,Li X J,Teng N J,Li Z S,Li B,Zhang A M,Lin J X.Effects of stem structure and cell wall components on bending strength in wheat.Chin Sci Bull,2006,51:815-823.
[4]罗茂春,田翠婷,李晓娟,林金星.水稻茎秆形态结构特征和化学成分与抗倒伏关系综述.西北植物学报,2007,27:2346-2353.Luo M C,Tian C T,Li X J,Lin J X.Relationship between morphoanatomical traits together with chemical components and lodging resistance of stem in rice(Oryza sativa L).Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2007,27:2346-2353(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]周蓉.大豆抗倒伏性评价体系的建立及主要农艺性状QTL定位.华中农业大学博士学位论文,湖北武汉,2009.Zhou R.Evaluation of Lodging Resistance and QTL Mapping of Some Agronomic Traits in Soybean(Glycine max L),PhD Dissertation of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,China,2009(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]Zahour A,Rasmusson D C,Gallagher L W.Effects of semi-dwarf stature,head number,and kernel number on grain yield in barley in morocco.Crop Sci,1987,27:161-165.
[7]Wiersma D W,Oplinger E S,Guy S O.Environment and cultivar effects on winter wheat response to ethephon plant growth regulator.Agron J,1986,78:761-764.
[8]肖世和,张秀英,闫长生,张文祥,海林,郭会君.小麦茎秆强度的鉴定方法研究.中国农业科学,2002,35:7-11.Xiao S H,Zhang X Y,Yan C S,Zhang W X,Hai L,Guo H J.Determination of resistance to lodging by stem strength in wheat.Sci Agric Sin,2002,35:7-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]李金才,尹钧,魏凤珍.播种密度对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒指数的影响.作物学报,2005,31:662-666.Li J C,Yin J,Wei F Z.Effects of planting density on characters of culm and culm loding resistant index in winter wheat.Acta Agric Sin,2005,31:662-666(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]卢昆丽,尹燕枰,王振林,李勇,彭佃亮,杨卫兵,崔正勇,杨东清,江文文.施氮期对小麦茎秆木质素合成的影响及其抗倒伏生理机制.作物学报,2014,40:1686-1694.Lu K L,Yin Y P,Wang Z L,Li Y,Peng T L,Yang W B,Cui Z Y,Yang D Q,Jiang W W.Effect of nitrogen fertilization timing on lignin synthesis of stem and physiological mechanism of lodging resistance in wheat.Acta Agron Sin,2014,40:1686-1694(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]陈晓光,史春余,尹燕枰,王振林,石玉华,彭佃亮,倪英丽,蔡铁.小麦茎秆木质素代谢及其与抗倒性的关系.作物学报,2011,37:1616-1622.Chen X G,Shi C Y,Yin Y P,Wang Z L,Shi Y H,Peng D L,Ni YL,Cai T.Relationship between lignin metabolism and lodging resistance in wheat.Acta Agron Sin,2011,37:1616-1622(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]Turner S R,Somerville C R.Collapsed xylem phenotype of Arabidopsis identifies mutants deficient in cellulose deposition in the secondary cell wall.Plant Cell,1997,9:689-701.
[13]Lewis N G,Yamamoto E.Lignin:occurrence,biogenesis and biodegradation.Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol,1990,41:455-496.
[14]李伟,熊谨,陈晓阳.木质素代谢的生理意义及其遗传控制研究进展.西北植物学报,2003,23:675-681.Li W,Xiong J,Chen X Y.Advances in the research of physiological significances and genetic regulation of lignin in metabolism.Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2003,23:675-681(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]马延华,王庆祥.玉米茎秆性状与抗倒伏关系研究进展.作物杂志,2012,(2):10-15.Ma Y H,Wang Q X.Advances of research on relationship between traits and lodging resistance of stem in corn.Crops,2012,(2):10-15(in Chinese).
[16]Welton F A.Lodging in oats and wheat.Bot Gazatte,1928,85:121.
[17]Tripathi S C,Sayre K D.Growth and morphology of wheat culms and their association with lodging:effects of genotypes,N levels and ethephon.Field Crops Res,2003,84:271-290.
[18]刘唐兴,官春云.油菜倒伏指数和茎秆生化成分及农艺性状的灰色关联分析.中国油料作物学报,2008,30:152-156.Liu T X,Guan C Y.Grey relational analysis between lodging index and biochemistry components of stem,agronomic characteristics in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Chin J Oil Crop Sci,2008,30:152-156(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]Ookawa T,Ishihara K V.Difference of cell wall components affecting the ding stress of the culm in relating to lodging resistance in paddy rice.Jpn J Crop Sci,1993,62:378-384.
[20]邱丽娟,常汝镇.大豆种质资源描述规范和数据标准.北京:中国农业出版社,2006.pp 60-61.Qiu L J,Chang R Z.Descriptors and Date Standard for Soybean(Glycine spp).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006.pp 60-61(in Chinese).
[21]魏凤珍,李金才,王成雨,屈会娟,沈学善.氮肥运筹模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响.作物学报,2008,34:1080-1085.Wei F Z,Li J C,Wang C Y,Qu H J,Shen X S.Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer application model on clum lodging resistance in winter wheat.Acta Agron Sin,2008,34:1080-1085(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]池宁琳.植物纤维中不溶性碳水化合物的测定.复旦大学硕士学位论文,上海,2012.Chi N L.Determination of Insoluble Carbohydrates in Plant Fibers.MS Thesis of Fudan University,Shanghai,China,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]Grant K,Kreyling J,Dienstbach L F H,Beierkuhnlein C Jentsch A.Water stress due to increased intra-annual precipitation variability reduced forage yield but raised forage quality of a temperate grassland.Agric Ecosyst Environ,2014,186:11-22.
[24]周蓉,王贤智,陈海峰,张晓娟,单志慧,吴学军,蔡淑平,邱德珍,周新安,吴江生.大豆倒伏性及其相关性状的QTL分析.作物学报,2009,35:57-65.Zhou R,Wang X Z,Chen H F,Zhang X J,Shan Z H,Wu X J,Cai S P,Qiu D Z,Zhou X A,Wu J S.QTL analysis of lodging and related traits in soybean.Acta Agron Sin,2009,35:57-65(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]石海燕,张玉星.木质素生物合成途径中关键酶基因的分子特征.中国农学通报,2011,27(5):288-291.Shi H Y,Zhang Y X.Molecular characterization of key enzyme genes related to the pathway of lignin biosynthesis.Chin Agric Sci Bull,2011,27(5):288-291(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]Baucher M,Monties B,Van Montagu M,Boerjan W.Biosynthesis and genetic engineer in lignin.Critical Rev Plant Sci,1998,17:125-197.
[27]Berry P M,Spink J,Sterling M,Pickett A A.Methods for rapidly measuring the lodging resistance of wheat cultivars.J Agron Crop Sci,2003,189:390-401.
[28]邹俊林,刘卫国,袁晋,蒋涛,叶素琴,邓榆川,杨晨雨,罗玲,杨文钰.套作大豆苗期茎秆木质素合成与抗倒性的关系.作物学报,2015,41:1098-1104.Zou J L,Liu W G,Yuan J,Jiang T,Ye S Q,Deng Y C,Yang C Y,Luo L,Yang W Y.Relationship between lignin synthesis and lodging resistance at seedings stage in soybean intercropping system.Acta Agron Sin,2015,41:1098-1104(in Chinese with English abstract).
[29]汪灿,阮仁武,袁晓辉,胡丹,杨浩,林婷婷,何沛龙,李燕,易泽林.荞麦茎秆解剖结构和木质素代谢及其与抗倒性的关系.作物学报,2014,40:1846-1856.Wang C,Ruan R W,Yuan X H,Hu D,Yang H,Lin T T,He P L,Li Y,Yi Z L.Relationship of anatomical structure and lignin metabolism with lodging resistance of culm in buckwheat.Acta Agron Sin,2014,40:1846-1856(in Chinese with English abstract).
[30]Mohammadi M,Kazemi H.Changes in peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in susceptible and resistant wheat heads inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and induced resistance.Plant Sci,2002,162:491-498.
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