舍饲牦牛与犏牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和肌内脂肪沉积相关基因表达的比较分析
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摘要
本试验旨在比较舍饲牦牛与犏牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和肌内脂肪(IMF)沉积相关基因表达的差异。选用10头体重相近、年龄(4岁)相近的健康麦洼公牦牛和公犏牛(藏黄牛×麦洼牦牛),分为牦牛组和犏牛组,每组5头牛。2个组均饲喂相同饲粮,试验期153 d。结果表明:1)犏牛组平均日增重、胴体重及背最长肌熟肉率、IMF含量显著高于牦牛组(P<0.05)。犏牛组背最长肌剪切力显著低于牦牛组(P<0.05)。2)牦牛组背最长肌激素敏感脂肪酶(HSL)和肉碱转移酶-1(CPT-1)的活性及其基因相对表达量显著高于犏牛组(P<0.05)。3)犏牛组与牦牛组之间的初重、末重、平均日采食量、料重比、净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率,背最长肌pH1 h、pH24 h及脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)活性及基因(固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1、过氧化物酶增殖激活受体γ、FAS和ACC)相对表达量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,与牦牛相比,犏牛主要通过抑制HSL和CPT-1基因表达及降低其酶活性,抑制脂肪分解,促进IMF沉积,提高牛肉嫩度,改善牛肉品质。
The purpose of this study was to compare the differences on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and intramuscular fat( IM F) deposition related gene expression between dzo and yak in house feeding. Ten healthy male yak and male dzo( Tibetan cattle×maiwa yak) with similar body weight and age( 4 years old) were selected and divided into dzo group and yak group,with 5 heads in each group. Both2 groups were fed the same diet for a trial period of 153 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the average daily gain,carcass weight and longissimus dorsi cooked meat rate,IM F content of dzo group were significantly higher than those of yak group( P < 0. 05). The longissimus dorsi shear force of dzo group was significantly lower than that of yak group( P<0.05). 2) The activities and gene expression levels of hormone sensitive lipase( HSL) and carnitine transferase-1( CPT-1) in longissimus dorsi of yak group were significantly higher than those of dzo group( P < 0. 05). 3) There were no significant differences in initial weight,final weight,average daily feed intake,feed to gain ratio,net meat weight,slaughter rate,net meat rate,and pH1 h,pH24 h,fatty acid synthetase( FAS) and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase( ACC) activities and genes( sterols regulating element binding protein 1,peroxidase proliferation activated receptor γ,FAS and ACC) relative expression levels in longissimus dorsi between dzo and yak( P>0.05). Therefore,compared with yak,dzo mainly inhibits the gene expression of HSL and CPT-1 to reduce their activities,inhibits fat decomposition,promotes IM F deposition,improves the tenderness and quality of beef.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2659-2665]
The purpose of this study was to compare the differences on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and intramuscular fat( IM F) deposition related gene expression between dzo and yak in house feeding. Ten healthy male yak and male dzo( Tibetan cattle×maiwa yak) with similar body weight and age( 4 years old) were selected and divided into dzo group and yak group,with 5 heads in each group. Both2 groups were fed the same diet for a trial period of 153 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the average daily gain,carcass weight and longissimus dorsi cooked meat rate,IM F content of dzo group were significantly higher than those of yak group( P < 0. 05). The longissimus dorsi shear force of dzo group was significantly lower than that of yak group( P<0.05). 2) The activities and gene expression levels of hormone sensitive lipase( HSL) and carnitine transferase-1( CPT-1) in longissimus dorsi of yak group were significantly higher than those of dzo group( P < 0. 05). 3) There were no significant differences in initial weight,final weight,average daily feed intake,feed to gain ratio,net meat weight,slaughter rate,net meat rate,and pH1 h,pH24 h,fatty acid synthetase( FAS) and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase( ACC) activities and genes( sterols regulating element binding protein 1,peroxidase proliferation activated receptor γ,FAS and ACC) relative expression levels in longissimus dorsi between dzo and yak( P>0.05). Therefore,compared with yak,dzo mainly inhibits the gene expression of HSL and CPT-1 to reduce their activities,inhibits fat decomposition,promotes IM F deposition,improves the tenderness and quality of beef.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2659-2665]
引文
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[9]JU J,SONG J L,PARK E S,et al.Korean solar salts reduce obesity and alter its related markers in diet-induced obese mice[J].Nutrition Research and Practice,2016,10(6):629-634.
[10]付永,魏雅萍,孟茹.牦牛、犏牛和黄牛生产性能、肉营养品质及风味物质的比较[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(11):2734-2740.
[11]刘子溱,张玉斌,韩玲,等.青海大通犊牦牛肉与成年牦牛肉品质的比较[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,4(2):110-113,118.
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[15]周光宏,刘丽,孙宝忠,等.牛肉等级评定方法和标准[J].肉类工业,2001(6):41-48.
[16]BAUBLITS R T,POHLMAN F W,BROWN A H,Jr,et al.Effects of sodium chloride,phosphate type and concentration,and pump rate on beef biceps femoris quality and sensory characteristics[J].M eat Science,2005,70(2):205-214.
[17]LI X,EKERLJUNG M,LUNDSTRM K,et al.Association of polymorphisms at DG AT1,leptin,SCD1,CAPN1 and CAST genes w ith color,marbling and w ater holding capacity in meat from beef cattle populations in Sw eden[J].M eat Science,2013,94(2):153-158.
[18]ZHANG H B,DONG X W,WANG Z S,et al.Dietary conjugated linoleic acids increase intramuscular fat deposition and decrease subcutaneous fat deposition in yellow breed×Simmental cattle[J].Animal Science Journal,2016,87(4):517-524.
[19]王斌星,许睛,郭春华,等.舍饲牦牛和犏牛生产性能、屠宰性能、养分表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数和血清生化指标的比较研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(23):5-9.
[20]陈晓波,葛长荣,田允波,等.云南主要地方牛种肉质特性研究[J].云南农业大学学报,1999,14(1):49-53.
[21]刘兴余,金邦荃.影响肉嫩度的因素及其作用机理[J].食品研究与开发,2005,26(5):177-180.
[22]SMITH S,WITKOWSKI A,JOSHI A K.Structural and functional organization of the animal fatty acid synthase[J].Progress in Lipid Research,2003,42(4):289-317.
[2]吴周林,左玲,徐弘扬,等.犏牛杂种优势研究进展[J].当代畜牧,2018(6):23-25.
[3]和占星,王向东,黄梅芬,等.中甸牦牛、迪庆黄牛和犏牛的乳的主要营养成分比较[J].食品与生物技术学报,2015,34(12):1294-1301.
[4]FRANK D,BALL A,HUGHES J,et al.Sensory and flavor chemistry characteristics of australian beef:influence of intramuscular fat,feed,and breed[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2016,64(21):4299-4311.
[5]PIAO M Y,YONG H I,LEE H J,et al.Comparison of fatty acid profiles and volatile compounds among quality grades and their association w ith carcass characteristics in longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus muscles of Korean cattle steer[J].Livestock Science,2017,198:147-156.
[6]MENDES K L,DE PINHO L,ANDRADE J M O,et al.Distinct metabolic effects of resveratrol on lipogenesis markers in mice adipose tissue treated w ith highpolyunsaturated fat and high-protein diets[J].Life Sciences,2016,153:66-73.
[7]MYSORE R,ZHOU Y,SDEVIRTA S,et al.MicroRNA-192 impairs adipocyte triglyceride storage[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta:Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids,2016,1861(4):342-351.
[8]ZENG W W,PIRZGALSKA R M,PEREIRA M MA,et al.Sympathetic neuro-adipose connections mediate leptin-driven lipolysis[J].Cell,2015,163(1):84-94.
[9]JU J,SONG J L,PARK E S,et al.Korean solar salts reduce obesity and alter its related markers in diet-induced obese mice[J].Nutrition Research and Practice,2016,10(6):629-634.
[10]付永,魏雅萍,孟茹.牦牛、犏牛和黄牛生产性能、肉营养品质及风味物质的比较[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(11):2734-2740.
[11]刘子溱,张玉斌,韩玲,等.青海大通犊牦牛肉与成年牦牛肉品质的比较[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,4(2):110-113,118.
[12]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 815-2004肉牛饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[13]AOAC.Official methods of analysis[S].16th ed.Washington,D.C.:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1999.
[14]VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.M ethods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[15]周光宏,刘丽,孙宝忠,等.牛肉等级评定方法和标准[J].肉类工业,2001(6):41-48.
[16]BAUBLITS R T,POHLMAN F W,BROWN A H,Jr,et al.Effects of sodium chloride,phosphate type and concentration,and pump rate on beef biceps femoris quality and sensory characteristics[J].M eat Science,2005,70(2):205-214.
[17]LI X,EKERLJUNG M,LUNDSTRM K,et al.Association of polymorphisms at DG AT1,leptin,SCD1,CAPN1 and CAST genes w ith color,marbling and w ater holding capacity in meat from beef cattle populations in Sw eden[J].M eat Science,2013,94(2):153-158.
[18]ZHANG H B,DONG X W,WANG Z S,et al.Dietary conjugated linoleic acids increase intramuscular fat deposition and decrease subcutaneous fat deposition in yellow breed×Simmental cattle[J].Animal Science Journal,2016,87(4):517-524.
[19]王斌星,许睛,郭春华,等.舍饲牦牛和犏牛生产性能、屠宰性能、养分表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数和血清生化指标的比较研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(23):5-9.
[20]陈晓波,葛长荣,田允波,等.云南主要地方牛种肉质特性研究[J].云南农业大学学报,1999,14(1):49-53.
[21]刘兴余,金邦荃.影响肉嫩度的因素及其作用机理[J].食品研究与开发,2005,26(5):177-180.
[22]SMITH S,WITKOWSKI A,JOSHI A K.Structural and functional organization of the animal fatty acid synthase[J].Progress in Lipid Research,2003,42(4):289-317.