复合微生物肥料对羊草草原植物群落特征的影响
|
摘要
为了探究复合微生物肥料在草地改良中的作用,以退化羊草草原为研究对象,设定CK(对照)、F(腐殖酸肥)、T(糖蜜发酵肥)、H(海藻酸肥)、A(腐殖酸+糖蜜发酵+海藻酸肥)5种复合微生物肥料施肥处理,分析不同处理下群落物种和群落多样性的变化。试验结果表明:施用复合微生物肥料对于羊草地上生物量均有所提高,处理H较对照增产效果最好,且存在显著性差异(P<0.05),同时,处理H也显著提高羊草地下生物量;处理A和H显著降低了群落优势度,提高了群落主要物种的重要值,但不显著;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数、E.Pielou均匀度指数都显著正相关。短期内,施用复合微生物肥料,群落的建群种和优势种没有改变,海藻酸复合微生物肥料对羊草的地上生物量增产效果最好,对地下生物量促进作用最佳。
In order to explore the effect of compound bio-fertilizer on grassland improvement, an experiment offive compound bio- fertilizers, which were control(CK), humic acid fertilizer(F), molasses fermentationfertilizer(T), alginic acid fertilizer(H) and both three compound bio-fertilizer fertilizers(A), was conducted onLymus chinensis degenerated grassland to analyze the change of community species and diversity. The resultsshowed that the Lymus chinensis aboveground biomass increased under the treatment of compound bio-fertilizer, and treatment H had the best increasing effect compared with CK(P<0.05), while treatment H alsosignificantly increased underground biomass; treatment A and H significantly decreased communitydominance, while increased the importance value of main species, but it was not significant. Shannon Wienerdiversity index had a significantly positive correlation with Simpson dominance index and E. Pielou evennessindex. In the short term, the application of compound bio-fertilizer did not change the status of constructivespecies and dominant species, and alginic acid compound bio-fertilizer was the optimum fertilizer to increase Lymus chinensis above-ground biomass yield and promote underground biomass.
In order to explore the effect of compound bio-fertilizer on grassland improvement, an experiment offive compound bio- fertilizers, which were control(CK), humic acid fertilizer(F), molasses fermentationfertilizer(T), alginic acid fertilizer(H) and both three compound bio-fertilizer fertilizers(A), was conducted onLymus chinensis degenerated grassland to analyze the change of community species and diversity. The resultsshowed that the Lymus chinensis aboveground biomass increased under the treatment of compound bio-fertilizer, and treatment H had the best increasing effect compared with CK(P<0.05), while treatment H alsosignificantly increased underground biomass; treatment A and H significantly decreased communitydominance, while increased the importance value of main species, but it was not significant. Shannon Wienerdiversity index had a significantly positive correlation with Simpson dominance index and E. Pielou evennessindex. In the short term, the application of compound bio-fertilizer did not change the status of constructivespecies and dominant species, and alginic acid compound bio-fertilizer was the optimum fertilizer to increase Lymus chinensis above-ground biomass yield and promote underground biomass.
引文
[1]高伟,鲍雅静,李政海,等.不同保护和利用方式下羊草草原群落生物量及能量功能群构成的比较[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(6):132-136.
[2]李季春.内蒙古羊草草原主要建群草种的光合参数[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(1):227-230.
[3]何丹,李向林,何峰,等.施用氮肥对羊草个体和种群特征的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(04):515-519.
[4]何丹,李向林,何峰,等.施氮对退化天然草地主要物种地上生物量和重要值的影响[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(05):42-46.
[5]董晓兵,郝明德,肖庆红,等.不同钾肥施用量对羊草产量、品质及养分吸收的影响[J].草原与草坪,2015,35(01):20-26.
[6]陈文业,赵明,李广宇,等.不同类型施肥水平对甘南沙化高寒草甸植物群落特征及生产力的影响[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(02):254-267.
[7]宾振钧,张仁懿,张文鹏,等.氮磷硅添加对青藏高原高寒草甸垂穗披碱草叶片碳氮磷的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4699-4706.
[8]白春利,阿拉塔,陈海军,等.氮素和水分添加对短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落特征的影响[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(02):69-75.
[9]Bai Y F,Wu J G,Christopher M,et al.Tradeoffs and thresholds in the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:evidence from inner Mongolia Grasslands[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16:358–372.
[10]Pesakovic M,Karaklajic-Stajic Z,Milenkovic S,et al.Biofertilizer affecting yield related characteristics of strawberry(Fragaria X Ananassa Duch.)and soil micro-organisms[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,150:238-243.
[11]Bakry M A,Soliman Y R,Moussa S A.Importance of micronutrients,organic manure and bio-fertilizer for improving maize yield and its components grown in desert sandy soil[J].Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences,2009,5(1):16-23.
[12]王宝档,黄寿煦,苏苗富,等.微生物肥料对土壤肥力的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2003,11:028.
[13]任继周.草业科学研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:15-16.
[14]王素英,陶光灿,谢光辉,等.我国微生物肥料的应用研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(1):14-18.
[15]曹一平,李晓林.石灰性土壤上VA菌根强化玉米对非水溶性磷肥的吸收与利用[J].华北农学报.1989,S1:202-206.
[16]胡应才.增产菌应用效果联合试验简结[J].湖北农业科学,1989(05):14-16.
[17]龙明华,于文进,唐小付,等.复合微生物肥料在无公害蔬菜栽培上的效应初报[J].中国蔬菜,2002,05:4-6.
[18]李星洪,黄中蓥,白风鸣.花生施用复合微生物肥的作用和增产效果初探[J].土壤肥料,1998,2:35-37.
[19]杨肖雨,丛日钦.使达利复合微生物肥在马铃薯生产中的应用效果[J].现代农业科技,2013,11:4-6.
[20]闫德仁.人工林土壤腐殖质特性和土壤酶活性的研究[J].林业科技,1997,22(5):10-12.
[21]宋玉珍.微生物肥料在松嫩平原盐碱地造林中的应用研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2009.
[22]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:87-87
[23]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:145-145.
[24]马文文,姚拓,靳鹏,等.荒漠草原2种植物群落土壤微生物及土壤酶特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(1):176-183.
[25]文都日乐,李刚,张静妮,等.呼伦贝尔不同草地类型土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(5):94-102.
[26]曹慧,杨浩.不同种植时间菜园土壤微生物生物量和酶活性变化特征[J].土壤,2002,34(4):197-200.
[27]贾乐,赵萌莉,韩国栋,等.载畜率对荒漠草原植物群落影响的研究[J].中国草地学报,2011,33(4):111-116.
[28]Goldberg D E,Miller T E.Effects of different resource addition on species diversity,in a annual plant community[J].Ecology,1990,71:213-225.
[29]江小蕾,张卫国,杨振宇,等.不同干扰类型对高寒草甸群落结构和植物多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(09):1479-1485.
[30]陈亚明,李自珍,杜国祯.施肥对高寒草甸植物多样性和经济类群的影响[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(3):424-429.
[31]Foster B L,Gross K L.Species richness in a successional grassland:effects of nitrogen enrichment and plant litter[J].Ecology,1998,71:2593-2602.
[32]李新荣,张景光,刘立超,等.我国干旱沙漠地区人工植被与环境演变过程中植物多样性的研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):257-261.
[33]郑华平,陈子萱,王生荣.施肥对玛曲高寒沙化草地植物多样性和生产力的影响[J].草业学报,2007,16(5):34-39.
[2]李季春.内蒙古羊草草原主要建群草种的光合参数[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(1):227-230.
[3]何丹,李向林,何峰,等.施用氮肥对羊草个体和种群特征的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(04):515-519.
[4]何丹,李向林,何峰,等.施氮对退化天然草地主要物种地上生物量和重要值的影响[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(05):42-46.
[5]董晓兵,郝明德,肖庆红,等.不同钾肥施用量对羊草产量、品质及养分吸收的影响[J].草原与草坪,2015,35(01):20-26.
[6]陈文业,赵明,李广宇,等.不同类型施肥水平对甘南沙化高寒草甸植物群落特征及生产力的影响[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(02):254-267.
[7]宾振钧,张仁懿,张文鹏,等.氮磷硅添加对青藏高原高寒草甸垂穗披碱草叶片碳氮磷的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4699-4706.
[8]白春利,阿拉塔,陈海军,等.氮素和水分添加对短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落特征的影响[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(02):69-75.
[9]Bai Y F,Wu J G,Christopher M,et al.Tradeoffs and thresholds in the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:evidence from inner Mongolia Grasslands[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16:358–372.
[10]Pesakovic M,Karaklajic-Stajic Z,Milenkovic S,et al.Biofertilizer affecting yield related characteristics of strawberry(Fragaria X Ananassa Duch.)and soil micro-organisms[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,150:238-243.
[11]Bakry M A,Soliman Y R,Moussa S A.Importance of micronutrients,organic manure and bio-fertilizer for improving maize yield and its components grown in desert sandy soil[J].Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences,2009,5(1):16-23.
[12]王宝档,黄寿煦,苏苗富,等.微生物肥料对土壤肥力的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2003,11:028.
[13]任继周.草业科学研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:15-16.
[14]王素英,陶光灿,谢光辉,等.我国微生物肥料的应用研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(1):14-18.
[15]曹一平,李晓林.石灰性土壤上VA菌根强化玉米对非水溶性磷肥的吸收与利用[J].华北农学报.1989,S1:202-206.
[16]胡应才.增产菌应用效果联合试验简结[J].湖北农业科学,1989(05):14-16.
[17]龙明华,于文进,唐小付,等.复合微生物肥料在无公害蔬菜栽培上的效应初报[J].中国蔬菜,2002,05:4-6.
[18]李星洪,黄中蓥,白风鸣.花生施用复合微生物肥的作用和增产效果初探[J].土壤肥料,1998,2:35-37.
[19]杨肖雨,丛日钦.使达利复合微生物肥在马铃薯生产中的应用效果[J].现代农业科技,2013,11:4-6.
[20]闫德仁.人工林土壤腐殖质特性和土壤酶活性的研究[J].林业科技,1997,22(5):10-12.
[21]宋玉珍.微生物肥料在松嫩平原盐碱地造林中的应用研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2009.
[22]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:87-87
[23]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:145-145.
[24]马文文,姚拓,靳鹏,等.荒漠草原2种植物群落土壤微生物及土壤酶特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(1):176-183.
[25]文都日乐,李刚,张静妮,等.呼伦贝尔不同草地类型土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(5):94-102.
[26]曹慧,杨浩.不同种植时间菜园土壤微生物生物量和酶活性变化特征[J].土壤,2002,34(4):197-200.
[27]贾乐,赵萌莉,韩国栋,等.载畜率对荒漠草原植物群落影响的研究[J].中国草地学报,2011,33(4):111-116.
[28]Goldberg D E,Miller T E.Effects of different resource addition on species diversity,in a annual plant community[J].Ecology,1990,71:213-225.
[29]江小蕾,张卫国,杨振宇,等.不同干扰类型对高寒草甸群落结构和植物多样性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(09):1479-1485.
[30]陈亚明,李自珍,杜国祯.施肥对高寒草甸植物多样性和经济类群的影响[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(3):424-429.
[31]Foster B L,Gross K L.Species richness in a successional grassland:effects of nitrogen enrichment and plant litter[J].Ecology,1998,71:2593-2602.
[32]李新荣,张景光,刘立超,等.我国干旱沙漠地区人工植被与环境演变过程中植物多样性的研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):257-261.
[33]郑华平,陈子萱,王生荣.施肥对玛曲高寒沙化草地植物多样性和生产力的影响[J].草业学报,2007,16(5):34-39.