不同放牧强度下羊草草原群落斑块植被-土壤特征
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摘要
植物群落斑块化是天然放牧草地最基本的特征之一,影响着草地生态系统结构和功能。本研究以不同放牧强度下典型羊草草原植物群落斑块为研究对象,对植物群落多样性特征、初级生产力、土壤理化性质、植物养分含量及其相关关系进行研究。结果表明:随着放牧强度的增加,斑块群落内植物种类组成发生改变并趋于简单化,放牧敏感物种消失,物种多样性降低;高放牧强度显著降低了植物群落的地上净初级生产力;初级生产力与土壤氮含量具有显著的正相关关系;随着放牧强度增加,土壤碳、氮、磷含量呈现增加趋势;由于放牧强度及斑块结构的影响,土壤碳、氮、磷含量存在空间分布差异;同时,斑块群落中植被碳、氮、磷含量与土壤碳、氮、磷含量之间没有显著的相关性。研究表明,放牧能够改变草地群落结构和功能,引起植被-土壤养分之间的非同步性发展。
The co-existence of micro-patches in plant community is one of the basic characteristics of grazing pasture,which affects ecosystem structure and functioning. In this study,we investigated characteristics of plant communities,primary productivity,soil physical and chemical properties,plant nutrient content,and their correlations in different patches selected from plant communities under different grazing intensities. The results showed that with the increase of grazing intensity,species composition of plant community patches tended to be simplified,the species sensitive to grazing disappeared,and species richness decreased. High grazing intensity significantly decreased aboveground biomass of plant community. In addition,there was a significant relationship between aboveground biomass and total nitrogen concentration. The concentrations of soil total carbon,total nitrogen and total phosphorus showed increasing trends with the increase of grazing intensity. Influenced by the grazing intensity and patch structure,the spatial distribution of soil total carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus are heterogeneous. There were no significant correlations between plant and soil nutrient concentrations. The results suggested that community structure and ecosystem function would be changed by livestock grazing,with asynchronous dynamics between plant and soil nutrients.
The co-existence of micro-patches in plant community is one of the basic characteristics of grazing pasture,which affects ecosystem structure and functioning. In this study,we investigated characteristics of plant communities,primary productivity,soil physical and chemical properties,plant nutrient content,and their correlations in different patches selected from plant communities under different grazing intensities. The results showed that with the increase of grazing intensity,species composition of plant community patches tended to be simplified,the species sensitive to grazing disappeared,and species richness decreased. High grazing intensity significantly decreased aboveground biomass of plant community. In addition,there was a significant relationship between aboveground biomass and total nitrogen concentration. The concentrations of soil total carbon,total nitrogen and total phosphorus showed increasing trends with the increase of grazing intensity. Influenced by the grazing intensity and patch structure,the spatial distribution of soil total carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus are heterogeneous. There were no significant correlations between plant and soil nutrient concentrations. The results suggested that community structure and ecosystem function would be changed by livestock grazing,with asynchronous dynamics between plant and soil nutrients.
引文
白永飞,李凌浩,王其兵,等.2000.锡林河流域草原群落植物多样性和初级生产力沿水热梯度变化的样带研究.植物生态学报,24(6):667-673.
白永飞,许志信,李德新.2002.内蒙古高原针茅草原群落土壤水分和碳、氮分布的小尺度空间异质性.生态学报,22(8):1215-1223.
陈玉福,于飞海,董鸣.2000.毛乌素沙地沙生半灌木群落的空间异质性.生态学报,20(4):568-572.
方楷,宋乃平,魏乐,等.2012.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原地上生物量及种间关系的影响.草业学报,21(5):12-22.
韩国栋,焦树英,毕力格图,等.2007.短花针茅草原不同载畜率对植物多样性和草地生产力的影响.生态学报,27(1):182-188.
何兴东,高玉葆,刘惠芬.2004.重要值的改进及其在羊草群落分类中的应用.植物研究,24(4):466-472.
黄菊莹,余海龙.2016.四种荒漠草原植物的生长对不同氮添加水平的响应.植物生态学报,40(2):165-176.
李素英,刘钟龄,常英,等.2014.内蒙古典型草原初级生产力的补偿性与稳定性.干旱区资源与环境,28(1):1-8.
刘冰,赵文智.2007.荒漠绿洲过渡带泡泡刺灌丛沙堆形态特征及其空间异质性.应用生态学报,18(12):2814-2820.
刘忠宽,智建飞,秦文利.2007.内蒙古草原羊尿斑块土壤氮素的变化特征.华北农学报,22(增刊):146-151.
雒文涛,乌云娜,张凤杰,等.2011.不同放牧强度下克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)草原的根系特征.生态学杂志,30(12):2692-2699.
吕世杰,聂雨芊,桑雪颖,等.2014.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原优势种无芒隐子草空间异质性的影响.内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,35(6):171-176.
王绍强,于贵瑞.2008.生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征.生态学报,28(8):3937-3946.
王献浦,刘玉凯.1994.生物多样性的理论与实践.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
王育松,上官铁梁.2010.关于重要值计算方法的若干问题.山西大学学报:自然科学版,33(2):312-316.
乌云娜,雒文涛,霍光伟,等.2012.微生境尺度上放牧退化草原群落特征与土壤有机质的空间分异性.中国沙漠,32(4):972-979.
邬建国.1996.生态学范式变迁综论.生态学报,16(5):449-459.
熊小刚,韩兴国.2006.内蒙古退化草原中与小叶锦鸡儿相关的小尺度土壤碳、氮资源异质性动态.生态学报,26(2):483-488.
杨利民,韩梅,李建东.2001.中国东北样带草地群落放牧干扰植物多样性的变化.植物生态学报,25(1):110-114.
杨晓霞,任飞,周华坤,等.2014.青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落生物量对氮、磷添加的响应.植物生态学报,38(2):159-166.
张卫国,黄文冰,杨振宇.2003.草地微斑块与草地退化关系的研究.草业学报,12(3):44-50.
赵菲,谢应忠,马红彬,等.2011.封育对典型草原植物群落物种多样性及土壤有机质的影响.草业科学,28(6):887-891.
赵登亮,刘钟龄,杨桂霞,等.2010.放牧对克氏针茅草原植物群落与种群格局的影响.草业学报,19(3):6-13.
周丽艳,王明玖,韩国栋,等.2005.不同强度放牧对贝加尔针茅草原群落和土壤理化性质的影响.干旱区资源与环境,19(7):182-187.
Chameides WL,Perdue EM.1997.Biogeochemical Cycles:A Computer-Interactive Study of Earth System Science and Global Change.Oxford:Oxford University Press,Inc.
Curtis JT,McI ntosh RP.1951.An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin.Ecology,32:476-496.
Elser JJ,Bracken ME,Cleland EE,et al.2007.Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater,marine and terrestrial ecosystems.Ecology Letters,10:1135-1142.
Haynes RJ,Williams PH.1992.Changes in soil solution composition and ph in urine-affected areas of pasture.Journal of Soil Science,43:323-334.
Kelly RH,Burke IC.1997.Heterogeneity of soil organic matter following death of individual plants in shortgrass steppe.Ecology,78:1256-1261.
Luo WT,Elser JJ,LüXT,et al.2015.Plant nutrients do not covary with soil nutrients under changing climatic conditions.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,29:1298-1308.
Oesterheld M,Mcnaughton SJ.1991.Effect of stress and time for recovery on the amount of compensatory growth after grazing.Oecologia,85:305-313.
Proulx M,Mazumder A.1998.Reversal of grazing impact on plant species richness in nutrient-poor vs.nutrient-rich ecosystems.Ecology,79:2581-2592.
Shiyomi M,Gaborcik N,Koizumi H,et al.2001.Biodiversity and spatial heterogeneity in semi-natural grasslands in amountain area in Slovakia.Proceeding of an International Grassland Congress:891-892.
Vitousek PM,Porder S,Houlton BZ,et al.2010.Terrestrial phosphorus limitation:Mechanisms,implications,and nitrogen-phosphorus interactions.Ecological Applications,20:5-15.
Zhao L,Yang GX,Liu ZL,et al.2007.Phenological complementarity does not enhance ecosystem production in undisturbed steppe community.Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,49:582-587.
白永飞,许志信,李德新.2002.内蒙古高原针茅草原群落土壤水分和碳、氮分布的小尺度空间异质性.生态学报,22(8):1215-1223.
陈玉福,于飞海,董鸣.2000.毛乌素沙地沙生半灌木群落的空间异质性.生态学报,20(4):568-572.
方楷,宋乃平,魏乐,等.2012.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原地上生物量及种间关系的影响.草业学报,21(5):12-22.
韩国栋,焦树英,毕力格图,等.2007.短花针茅草原不同载畜率对植物多样性和草地生产力的影响.生态学报,27(1):182-188.
何兴东,高玉葆,刘惠芬.2004.重要值的改进及其在羊草群落分类中的应用.植物研究,24(4):466-472.
黄菊莹,余海龙.2016.四种荒漠草原植物的生长对不同氮添加水平的响应.植物生态学报,40(2):165-176.
李素英,刘钟龄,常英,等.2014.内蒙古典型草原初级生产力的补偿性与稳定性.干旱区资源与环境,28(1):1-8.
刘冰,赵文智.2007.荒漠绿洲过渡带泡泡刺灌丛沙堆形态特征及其空间异质性.应用生态学报,18(12):2814-2820.
刘忠宽,智建飞,秦文利.2007.内蒙古草原羊尿斑块土壤氮素的变化特征.华北农学报,22(增刊):146-151.
雒文涛,乌云娜,张凤杰,等.2011.不同放牧强度下克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)草原的根系特征.生态学杂志,30(12):2692-2699.
吕世杰,聂雨芊,桑雪颖,等.2014.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原优势种无芒隐子草空间异质性的影响.内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,35(6):171-176.
王绍强,于贵瑞.2008.生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征.生态学报,28(8):3937-3946.
王献浦,刘玉凯.1994.生物多样性的理论与实践.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
王育松,上官铁梁.2010.关于重要值计算方法的若干问题.山西大学学报:自然科学版,33(2):312-316.
乌云娜,雒文涛,霍光伟,等.2012.微生境尺度上放牧退化草原群落特征与土壤有机质的空间分异性.中国沙漠,32(4):972-979.
邬建国.1996.生态学范式变迁综论.生态学报,16(5):449-459.
熊小刚,韩兴国.2006.内蒙古退化草原中与小叶锦鸡儿相关的小尺度土壤碳、氮资源异质性动态.生态学报,26(2):483-488.
杨利民,韩梅,李建东.2001.中国东北样带草地群落放牧干扰植物多样性的变化.植物生态学报,25(1):110-114.
杨晓霞,任飞,周华坤,等.2014.青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落生物量对氮、磷添加的响应.植物生态学报,38(2):159-166.
张卫国,黄文冰,杨振宇.2003.草地微斑块与草地退化关系的研究.草业学报,12(3):44-50.
赵菲,谢应忠,马红彬,等.2011.封育对典型草原植物群落物种多样性及土壤有机质的影响.草业科学,28(6):887-891.
赵登亮,刘钟龄,杨桂霞,等.2010.放牧对克氏针茅草原植物群落与种群格局的影响.草业学报,19(3):6-13.
周丽艳,王明玖,韩国栋,等.2005.不同强度放牧对贝加尔针茅草原群落和土壤理化性质的影响.干旱区资源与环境,19(7):182-187.
Chameides WL,Perdue EM.1997.Biogeochemical Cycles:A Computer-Interactive Study of Earth System Science and Global Change.Oxford:Oxford University Press,Inc.
Curtis JT,McI ntosh RP.1951.An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin.Ecology,32:476-496.
Elser JJ,Bracken ME,Cleland EE,et al.2007.Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater,marine and terrestrial ecosystems.Ecology Letters,10:1135-1142.
Haynes RJ,Williams PH.1992.Changes in soil solution composition and ph in urine-affected areas of pasture.Journal of Soil Science,43:323-334.
Kelly RH,Burke IC.1997.Heterogeneity of soil organic matter following death of individual plants in shortgrass steppe.Ecology,78:1256-1261.
Luo WT,Elser JJ,LüXT,et al.2015.Plant nutrients do not covary with soil nutrients under changing climatic conditions.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,29:1298-1308.
Oesterheld M,Mcnaughton SJ.1991.Effect of stress and time for recovery on the amount of compensatory growth after grazing.Oecologia,85:305-313.
Proulx M,Mazumder A.1998.Reversal of grazing impact on plant species richness in nutrient-poor vs.nutrient-rich ecosystems.Ecology,79:2581-2592.
Shiyomi M,Gaborcik N,Koizumi H,et al.2001.Biodiversity and spatial heterogeneity in semi-natural grasslands in amountain area in Slovakia.Proceeding of an International Grassland Congress:891-892.
Vitousek PM,Porder S,Houlton BZ,et al.2010.Terrestrial phosphorus limitation:Mechanisms,implications,and nitrogen-phosphorus interactions.Ecological Applications,20:5-15.
Zhao L,Yang GX,Liu ZL,et al.2007.Phenological complementarity does not enhance ecosystem production in undisturbed steppe community.Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,49:582-587.