呼伦贝尔草原3种植物的功能性状对氮磷添加的响应
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摘要
以呼伦贝尔羊草草原3种常见植物为研究对象,通过设置不同梯度的氮(0和10g/(m2/a))和磷(0,2,4,6,8,10g/(m2·a))添加处理,研究了植物功能性状对不同氮磷添加的响应。结果表明:(1)羊草生长可能受到氮限制,氮添加会削弱披针叶黄华的养分竞争优势;(2)不同物种的功能性状对氮添加呈现多样化的响应方式,但都趋向于提高植物对光资源的竞争;(3)磷添加提高了从属种的竞争优势,从而可能潜在改变群落结构和功能;(4)氮磷添加的交互作用对各物种功能性状的影响均不显著,且氮、磷添加对植物叶片磷、氮含量无显著影响。研究结果揭示了氮添加后植物功能性状的变化既有一致性也存在种间差异,体现了物种适应环境变化过程中的竞争排斥以及生态位分化;磷添加则可能通过提高从属种的竞争优势而潜在地改变群落结构和功能。
The present study aimed to investigated the effect of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)addition to the functional traits of three plant species in Leymus chinensis steppe of Hulunbuir.Two rates of N(0and 10g/(m2·a)and six rates of P(0,2,4,6,8,10g/(m2·a)were applied.Our results showed that:(1)the growth of Leymus chinensis may be limited by N,and the nutrient competitive advantage of Thermopsis lanceolata would be weakened by N addition;(2)although the functional traits of different species showed diversified responsesto N addition,all tended to increase the the competition of plants for light resources;(3)P addition improved the competitive advantage of subordinate species,which may have impact on community structure and functioning;(4)the interaction of N and P addition had no significant effect on the functional traits of all three species,the addition of N and P had no significant effect on the content of P and N in plant leaves.Our results declared the change of plant functional traits after N addition were consistent and different among species,which reflected the competitive exclusion and niche differentiation of species in the process of adaptation to environmental changes.Moreover,phosphorus addition could potentially modify the structure and function of plant community by improving the competitive advantage of subordinate species.
The present study aimed to investigated the effect of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)addition to the functional traits of three plant species in Leymus chinensis steppe of Hulunbuir.Two rates of N(0and 10g/(m2·a)and six rates of P(0,2,4,6,8,10g/(m2·a)were applied.Our results showed that:(1)the growth of Leymus chinensis may be limited by N,and the nutrient competitive advantage of Thermopsis lanceolata would be weakened by N addition;(2)although the functional traits of different species showed diversified responsesto N addition,all tended to increase the the competition of plants for light resources;(3)P addition improved the competitive advantage of subordinate species,which may have impact on community structure and functioning;(4)the interaction of N and P addition had no significant effect on the functional traits of all three species,the addition of N and P had no significant effect on the content of P and N in plant leaves.Our results declared the change of plant functional traits after N addition were consistent and different among species,which reflected the competitive exclusion and niche differentiation of species in the process of adaptation to environmental changes.Moreover,phosphorus addition could potentially modify the structure and function of plant community by improving the competitive advantage of subordinate species.
引文
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[14]尤菲菲,曾令强,乔子楣,等.不同功能群草类植物叶片氮磷重吸收对施肥的响应[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(3):55-61.You Feifei,Zeng Lingqiang,Qiao Zimei,et al.Responses of leaf N and P resorption in grasses of three functional groups to fertilization[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2018,40(3):55-61.
[15] Liu X J,Duan L,Mo J M,et al.Nitrogen deposition and its ecological impact in China:An overview[J].Environmental Pollution,2011:2251-2264.
[16] Demalach N,Zaady E,Kadmon R.Light asymmetry explains the effect of nutrient enrichment on grassland diversity[J].Ecology Letters,2017,20:60-69.
[17] Hautier Y,Niklaus P A,Hector A.Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication[J].Science,2009,324:636-638.
[18] Yang H J,Li Y,Wu M Y,et al.Plant community responses to nitrogen addition and increased precipitation:the importance of water availability and species traits[J].Global Change Biology,2011,17:2936-2944.
[19] Dickson T L,Mittelbach G G,Reynolds H L,et al.Height and clonality traits determine plant community responses to fertilization.Ecology,2014,95:2443-2452.
[20] Walker A P,Beckerman A P,Gu L H,et al.The relationship of leaf photosynthetic traits-Vcmaxand Jmax-to leaf nitrogen,leaf phosphorus,and specific leaf area:a meta-analysis and modeling study[J].Ecology and Evolution,2014,4(16):3218-3235.
[21]Mariotte P.Do subordinate species punch above their weight?Evidence from above and below-ground[J].New Phytologist,2014,203:16-21.
[2] Bai Y F,Wu J G,Clark C M,et al.Tradeoffs and thresholds in the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:Evidence from Inner Mongolia grasslands[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16:358-372.
[3] LüX T,Reed S,Yu Q,et al.Convergent responses of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption to nitrogen inputs in a semiarid grassland[J].Global Change Biology,2013,19:2775-2784.
[4]gren G I,Wetterstedt J,Billberger MF.Nutrient limitation on terrestrial plant growth-modeling the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus[J].New Phytologist,2012,194:953-960.
[5] Marklein A R,Houlton B Z.Nitrogen inputs accelerate phosphorus cycling rates across a wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems[J].New Phytologist,2012,193:696-704.
[6] Zhan S X,Wang Y,Zhu Z C,et al.Nitrogen enrichment alters plant N:P stoichiometry and intensifies phosphorus limitation in a steppe ecosystem[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2017,134:21-32.
[7]刘晓娟,马克平.植物功能性状研究进展[J].中国科学:生命科学,2015,45:325-339.Liu Xiaojuan,Ma Keping.Plant functional traits-concepts,applications and future directions[J].Science Sinica Vitae,2015,45:325-339.
[8]何东.植物功能性状变异与群落构建:以黑石顶常绿阔叶林为例[D].广州:中山大学生命科学学院,2016.He Dong.Plant functional trait variation and community assembly:A case study in a subtropical evergreen forest[D].Guangzhou:Sun Yat-sen University,2016.
[9] Poorter L,Bongers F.Leaf traits are good predictors of plant performance across 53rain forest species[J].Ecology,2006,87:1733-1743.
[10] Cornelissen J H,Lavorel S,Garnier E,et al.A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide[J].Australian Journal of Botany,2003,51:335-380.
[11] McGill B J,Enquist B J,Weiher E,et al.Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits[J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2006,21:178-185.
[12]王玺,古琛,王亚婷,等.荒漠草原短花针茅茎叶功能性状对不同载畜率的响应[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(6):40-46.Wang Xi,Gu Chen,Wang Yating,et al.Response of stocking rates on the functional traits of Stipa breviflora desert steppe[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(6):40-46.
[13]张璐,白天晓,郝匕台,等.季节性放牧对羊草功能性状的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(5):96-101.Zhang Lu,Bai Tianxiao,Hao Bitai,et al.Effects of seasonal grazing on plant functional traits of Leymus chinesis[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(5):96-101.
[14]尤菲菲,曾令强,乔子楣,等.不同功能群草类植物叶片氮磷重吸收对施肥的响应[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(3):55-61.You Feifei,Zeng Lingqiang,Qiao Zimei,et al.Responses of leaf N and P resorption in grasses of three functional groups to fertilization[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2018,40(3):55-61.
[15] Liu X J,Duan L,Mo J M,et al.Nitrogen deposition and its ecological impact in China:An overview[J].Environmental Pollution,2011:2251-2264.
[16] Demalach N,Zaady E,Kadmon R.Light asymmetry explains the effect of nutrient enrichment on grassland diversity[J].Ecology Letters,2017,20:60-69.
[17] Hautier Y,Niklaus P A,Hector A.Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication[J].Science,2009,324:636-638.
[18] Yang H J,Li Y,Wu M Y,et al.Plant community responses to nitrogen addition and increased precipitation:the importance of water availability and species traits[J].Global Change Biology,2011,17:2936-2944.
[19] Dickson T L,Mittelbach G G,Reynolds H L,et al.Height and clonality traits determine plant community responses to fertilization.Ecology,2014,95:2443-2452.
[20] Walker A P,Beckerman A P,Gu L H,et al.The relationship of leaf photosynthetic traits-Vcmaxand Jmax-to leaf nitrogen,leaf phosphorus,and specific leaf area:a meta-analysis and modeling study[J].Ecology and Evolution,2014,4(16):3218-3235.
[21]Mariotte P.Do subordinate species punch above their weight?Evidence from above and below-ground[J].New Phytologist,2014,203:16-21.