刈割对羊草草甸草原生物量及牧草品质的影响
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摘要
为明确刈割对羊草草甸草原生物量及品质的影响,确定适宜的刈割时间和合理的留茬高度,以科尔沁草原区羊草草甸草原为研究对象,于2016年利用刈割时间和留茬高度2个因素进行了随机区组试验研究,其中,刈割时间设3个水平,留茬高度设4个水平。结果表明,8月15日刈割的群落盖度、密度、地上生物量和羊草地上生物量显著高于8月1日刈割(P<0.05);随着刈割时间的推迟,群落和羊草CP含量逐渐下降,群落ADF和NDF含量逐渐增加,且8月1日刈割与9月1日刈割间差异显著(P<0.05),但与8月15日刈割无显著差异(P>0.05);羊草ADF和NDF含量呈增加趋势,各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05);0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层群落地下生物量呈逐渐增加趋势,羊草根茎生物量呈逐渐降低趋势。留茬高度2 cm处理的群落地上生物量显著高于留茬高度8 cm处理(P<0.05),与留茬高度5 cm间无显著差异(P>0.05),留茬高度2 cm、5 cm和8 cm处理间的群落CP含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。科尔沁草原区羊草草甸草原适宜刈割时间为8月15日左右,以留茬高度2~5 cm为宜。
In order to clarify the effect of cutting on biomass and quality of Leymus chinensis meadow grassland and to determine the suitable cutting time and reasonable stubble height, taking Leymus chinensis meadow steppe in Horqin grassland as the research region, a randomized block experiment was conducted in 2016 by two factors of cutting time and stubble height with 3 levels of cutting time and 4 levels of stubble height. The results showed that the coverage, density and above-ground biomass of the community and the above-ground biomass of Leymus chinensis cut on August 15 were significantly higher than those cut on August 1(P<0.05); with the postponement of cutting time, the CP content of the community and Leymus chinensis decreased gradually, and the ADF and NDF content of community increased gradually; there was a significant difference between cutting on August 1 and September 1(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference from cutting on August 15(P>0.05); while the contents of ADF and NDF of Leymus chinensis exhibited an increasing trend, there was no significant difference among varied treatments(P>0.05); the under-ground biomass of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil communities increased gradually,while the rhizome biomass of Leymus chinensis decreased gradually; the above-ground biomass of the community with 2 cm stubble height was significantly higher than that with 8 cm stubble height(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference from the 5 cm stubble height(P>0.05); there was no significant difference in CP content among the different communities with stubble height of 2 cm, 5 cm and 8 cm(P>0.05), respectively. To sum up, the suitable cutting time of Leymus chinensis meadow steppe in Horqin grassland is about 15 August, and the suitable stubble height is 2-5 cm.
In order to clarify the effect of cutting on biomass and quality of Leymus chinensis meadow grassland and to determine the suitable cutting time and reasonable stubble height, taking Leymus chinensis meadow steppe in Horqin grassland as the research region, a randomized block experiment was conducted in 2016 by two factors of cutting time and stubble height with 3 levels of cutting time and 4 levels of stubble height. The results showed that the coverage, density and above-ground biomass of the community and the above-ground biomass of Leymus chinensis cut on August 15 were significantly higher than those cut on August 1(P<0.05); with the postponement of cutting time, the CP content of the community and Leymus chinensis decreased gradually, and the ADF and NDF content of community increased gradually; there was a significant difference between cutting on August 1 and September 1(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference from cutting on August 15(P>0.05); while the contents of ADF and NDF of Leymus chinensis exhibited an increasing trend, there was no significant difference among varied treatments(P>0.05); the under-ground biomass of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil communities increased gradually,while the rhizome biomass of Leymus chinensis decreased gradually; the above-ground biomass of the community with 2 cm stubble height was significantly higher than that with 8 cm stubble height(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference from the 5 cm stubble height(P>0.05); there was no significant difference in CP content among the different communities with stubble height of 2 cm, 5 cm and 8 cm(P>0.05), respectively. To sum up, the suitable cutting time of Leymus chinensis meadow steppe in Horqin grassland is about 15 August, and the suitable stubble height is 2-5 cm.
引文
[1]刘美丽,梁秀梅,乌仁其其格.刈割制度对围封羊草草地群落特征及生物量的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(11):2319-2325.
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[15]王明玖,李青丰,格根图,等.刈割处理对贝加尔针茅草原植物生长与繁殖状况的影响Ⅱ.第二年重复处理的效果[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2002,23(3):30-35.
[16]王志锋,王多伽,于洪柱,等.刈割时间与留茬高度对羊草草甸草产量和品质的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(2):276-282.
[17]韩文祥.不同刈割处理对草地产草量的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2013,34(2):29,35.
[18]张俊刚,姜慧敏,李雅茹,等.施肥、灌溉对切根改良草地群落的影响[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(1):81-86.
[19]李育中,李博.内蒙古锡林河流域羊草草原生物量动态的研究[J].中国草地,1991(1):5-8.
[20]白永飞.降水量季节分配对克氏针茅草原群落初级生产力的影响[J].植物生态学报,1999,23(2):155-160.
[21]仲延凯,包海青,张海燕.割草对典型草原植物营养元素贮量及分配的影响Ⅰ.植物生物量的贮量及分配[J].干旱区资源与环境,1999,13(2):25-32.
[22]杨尚明,金娟,卫智军,等.刈割对呼伦贝尔割草地群落特征的影响[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(1):90-96.
[23]张德强,周国逸,温达志,等.刈割时间和次数对牧草产量和品质的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2000(增刊Ⅲ):43-51.
[24]张立涛,刁其玉,李艳玲,等.中性洗涤纤维生理营养与需要量的研究进展[J].中国草食动物科学,2013,33(1):57-61.
[25]展春芳.牧草产量与品质对不同刈割期和留茬高度及刈割年限的响应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012.
[2]李荣平,闫巧玲.放牧与刈割对科尔沁草甸植被演替的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(2):180-184.
[3]钟秀琼,钟声.刈割对牧草影响的研究概况[J].草业与畜牧,2007(5):22-25.
[4]贾淑庚,黄仁录.刈割对牧草品质的影响研究进展[J].饲料广角,2014,3(3):45-47.
[5]田新会,杜文华,曹致中.猫尾草不同品种的最佳刈割时期[J].草业科学,2003,20(9):12-15.
[6] MARSHALL A H,HIDES D H,BORIN M,et al.Influence of spring management on white clover(Trifolium repens L.)seed crops[C]//Proceedings of the Third Congress of the European Society for Agronomy,Padova University.Italy:Abano-Padova, 1994:180-182.
[7]王显国,韩建国,刘富渊,等.刈割对紫花苜蓿生殖生育期的调控及对种子产量和质量性状的影响[J].草地学报,2005,13(4):274-277.
[8]赵世锋,田长叶,陈淑萍,等.草用燕麦品种适宜刈割期的确定[J].华北农业学报,2005,20(专辑):132-134.
[9]张国利.寒湿区红豆草末次刈割期对越冬率的影响[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2005(4):14-15.
[10]耿文诚,张英俊,邵学芬,等.刈割对白三叶种子及草产量的影响[J].草地学报,2007,15(3):248-253.
[11]田昆.刈割管理对羊草的干物质产量及质量的影响[D].长春:东北师范大学,2010.
[12]朱珏,张彬,谭支良,等.刈割对牧草生物量和品质影响的研究进展[J].草业科学,2009,26(2):80-85.
[13]仲延凯,贾志斌,敖艳红.天然割草场种群的留茬高度与损耗率相关的研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1995,36(3):329-333.
[14]祝廷成.羊草生物生态学[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2004:456.
[15]王明玖,李青丰,格根图,等.刈割处理对贝加尔针茅草原植物生长与繁殖状况的影响Ⅱ.第二年重复处理的效果[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2002,23(3):30-35.
[16]王志锋,王多伽,于洪柱,等.刈割时间与留茬高度对羊草草甸草产量和品质的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(2):276-282.
[17]韩文祥.不同刈割处理对草地产草量的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2013,34(2):29,35.
[18]张俊刚,姜慧敏,李雅茹,等.施肥、灌溉对切根改良草地群落的影响[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(1):81-86.
[19]李育中,李博.内蒙古锡林河流域羊草草原生物量动态的研究[J].中国草地,1991(1):5-8.
[20]白永飞.降水量季节分配对克氏针茅草原群落初级生产力的影响[J].植物生态学报,1999,23(2):155-160.
[21]仲延凯,包海青,张海燕.割草对典型草原植物营养元素贮量及分配的影响Ⅰ.植物生物量的贮量及分配[J].干旱区资源与环境,1999,13(2):25-32.
[22]杨尚明,金娟,卫智军,等.刈割对呼伦贝尔割草地群落特征的影响[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(1):90-96.
[23]张德强,周国逸,温达志,等.刈割时间和次数对牧草产量和品质的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2000(增刊Ⅲ):43-51.
[24]张立涛,刁其玉,李艳玲,等.中性洗涤纤维生理营养与需要量的研究进展[J].中国草食动物科学,2013,33(1):57-61.
[25]展春芳.牧草产量与品质对不同刈割期和留茬高度及刈割年限的响应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012.