乾华肉用美利奴羊发情周期中卵巢组织结构的研究
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摘要
本研究利用组织学方法对处于发情周期不同时期的乾华肉用美利奴羊卵巢的形态结构进行了显微观察。结果,乾华肉用美利奴羊的卵巢由被膜(位于表面的生殖上皮和深层的结缔组织白膜)、实质部(外周的皮质层和中央的髓质层)构成,原始卵泡和初级卵泡位于皮质层的浅层,次级卵泡和三级卵泡分布于皮质层的深部,而且这两类细胞易发生塌陷式、皱缩式和囊肿式等不同形式的闭锁。发情间期的乾华肉用美利奴羊卵巢上原始卵泡数量显著地高于其他三个时期(P<0.05),而其余三个时期相互间差异不显著(P>0.05);卵巢上初级卵泡数量在发情周期的各个时期间均差异显著(P<0.05)、发情期的初级卵泡数量极显著地高于发情后期(P<0.01);发情间期和发情前期之间、发情期和发情后期之间的次级卵泡数量无显著差异(P>0.05),但发情间期和发情前期的次级卵泡数量均显著地高于发情期和发情后期;三级卵泡数在发情间期、发情前期、发情期三个时期之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但这三个时间段均显著地高于发情后期(P<0.05);成熟卵泡仅见于发情期。乾华肉用美利奴羊在发情周期的各个时间段,各级卵泡均发生卵泡闭锁,次级卵泡的闭锁数量在发情的各个时间段均具有明显的差异(P<0.05),发情期的闭锁数量最高,发情间期最低;发情期的三级卵泡的闭锁数量显著地高于其他三个时期(P<0.05),发情前期最低,而发情间期和发情后期相互间的三级卵泡闭锁数量差异不明显(P>0.05),但均显著高于发情前期(P<0.05)。由上述研究结果可知,乾华肉用美利奴羊的母羊卵巢上的各级卵泡呈"波状"交替发育,且闭锁与发育并存,这些研究结果为开展超数排卵等繁殖生物学技术的应用奠定了理论基础。
In order to reveal the histological basis of the reproductive physiology of the female sheep,the morphological structure of the ovaries at different periods of estrus was observed by histological method.In result,Qianhua Mutton Merino ovarian was composed of integument(the surface of the reproductive epithelium and the deep connective tissue albuginea),and parenchyma(peripheral cortex and central medulla layer),in which primordial follicles and primary follicles were located in the shallow layer of the cortex,and secondary follicles and tertiary follicles were located deep in the cortex,and these two types of cells were prone to collapse type,wrinkle and cyst type and other forms ofatresia.The number of primordial follicles on the ovaries of Qianhua Mutton Merino during estrus was significantly higher than that in the other three periods(P<0.05),and among the other three periods,the difference was not significantly(P>0.05).The number of primary follicles in the ovary was significantly different during each period of the estrus cycle(P<0.05).The number of primary follicles in estrus was significantly higher than that in late estrus(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the number of secondary follicles between estrus and estrus,between estrus and late estrus(P>0.05),but the number of secondary follicles in estrus and estrus was significantly higher than that in estrus and estrus.There was no significant difference between the three levels of follicular number during estrus,estrus and estrus(P>0.05),but these three times were significantly higher than the later stage of estrus(P<0.05);and mature follicle was only seen in estrus.Qianhua Mutton Merino in the time of estrus,follicular atresia at all levels,the number of secondary follicles was significantly different at each time of the estrus(P<0.05),the number of locks in estrus was the highest,and the period of estrus was the lowest.The number of three-stage follicles in estrus was significantly higher than that in the other three periods(P>0.05),but both were significantly higher than that in the early stage of estrus(P<0.05).The above-mentioned results showed that Qianhua Mutton Merino ewes on ovarian follicle was in "wave"alternate development pattern,and atresia and development coexist,and they laid a theoretical basis for the application of superovulation technology.
In order to reveal the histological basis of the reproductive physiology of the female sheep,the morphological structure of the ovaries at different periods of estrus was observed by histological method.In result,Qianhua Mutton Merino ovarian was composed of integument(the surface of the reproductive epithelium and the deep connective tissue albuginea),and parenchyma(peripheral cortex and central medulla layer),in which primordial follicles and primary follicles were located in the shallow layer of the cortex,and secondary follicles and tertiary follicles were located deep in the cortex,and these two types of cells were prone to collapse type,wrinkle and cyst type and other forms ofatresia.The number of primordial follicles on the ovaries of Qianhua Mutton Merino during estrus was significantly higher than that in the other three periods(P<0.05),and among the other three periods,the difference was not significantly(P>0.05).The number of primary follicles in the ovary was significantly different during each period of the estrus cycle(P<0.05).The number of primary follicles in estrus was significantly higher than that in late estrus(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the number of secondary follicles between estrus and estrus,between estrus and late estrus(P>0.05),but the number of secondary follicles in estrus and estrus was significantly higher than that in estrus and estrus.There was no significant difference between the three levels of follicular number during estrus,estrus and estrus(P>0.05),but these three times were significantly higher than the later stage of estrus(P<0.05);and mature follicle was only seen in estrus.Qianhua Mutton Merino in the time of estrus,follicular atresia at all levels,the number of secondary follicles was significantly different at each time of the estrus(P<0.05),the number of locks in estrus was the highest,and the period of estrus was the lowest.The number of three-stage follicles in estrus was significantly higher than that in the other three periods(P>0.05),but both were significantly higher than that in the early stage of estrus(P<0.05).The above-mentioned results showed that Qianhua Mutton Merino ewes on ovarian follicle was in "wave"alternate development pattern,and atresia and development coexist,and they laid a theoretical basis for the application of superovulation technology.
引文
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[11]GINTHER O J,WILTBANK M C,FRICKE P M,et al.Selection of the dominant follicle in cattle[J].Biology of Reproduction,1996,55:1187-1194.
[12]RAVINDRA J P,RAWLING N C,EVANS A C,et al.Ultrasonography study of ovarianfollicular dynanic in ewes during the oestrous cycley[J].Journal of Reproduction and Fertility,1994,101(2):501-509.
[13]MIYAMOTO Y,AKAIKE T,YOSHIDA M,et al.Potentiation of nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxation by xanthine oxidase inhibitors[J].Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine,1996,211:366.
[14]SMITH S K.Angiogensis and impantation[J].Human Reproduction,2000,15:59-66.
[15]RAJAK OSKI E.The ovarian follicular system in sexually mature heifers with special reference to seasonal,cyclical and left right variations[J].Acta Endorcrinologica,1960,34(Suppl.52):1-10.
[16]MARION G B,GIER H T,CHOUDARY J B.Micromorphology of the bovine ovarian follicular system[J].Journal of Animal Science,1968,27:549-553.
[2]蒙学莲,崔燕,余四九,等.牦牛发情周期中卵巢卵泡发育状况的组织学观察[J].中国兽医科学,2006,36(1):57-61.MENG Xue-lian,CUI Yan,YUE Si-jiu,et al.Histological observation of ovarian follicle development during yak estrous cycle[J].Chinese Veterinary Science,2006,36(1):57-61.(in Chinese)
[3]彭宏刚.不同年龄哈萨克羊卵巢卵泡分布及组织学特征[J].湖北畜牧兽医,2017,35(10):5-6.PENG Hong-gang.Ovarian follicle distribution and histological characteristics of Kazak sheep at different ages[J].Hubei Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2017,35(10):5-6.(in Chinese)
[4]毛文智,陈洋,常青,等.小尾寒羊卵巢组织结构特点[J].草食家畜,2011,(1):34-38.MAO Wen-zhi,CHEN Yang,CHANG Qing,et al.Histological features of ovary of Small Tail Han sheep[J].Grass-Feeding Livestock,2011,(1):34-38.(in Chinese)
[5]陈秋生,刘宗平,陈北亨,等.双峰驼卵巢的组织结构[J].中国兽医学报,2002,22(4):381-383.CHEN Qiu-sheng,LIU Zong-ping,CHEN Bei-heng,et al.The tissue structure of the ovary of a bactrian camel[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2002,22(4):381-383.(in Chinese)
[6]马志华,姜怀志,马龙,等.乾华肉用美利奴羊新品种选育初报[J].中国草食动物科学,2016,36(1):12-15.MA Zhi-hua,JIANG Huai-zhi,MA Long,et al.A preliminary report on the breeding of a new breed of Qianhua Mutton Merino[J].China Herbivores Science,2016,36(1):12-15.(in Chinese)
[7]姜怀志,马志华,付殿国.乾华肉用美利奴羊新品种种质特性的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(1):47-50.JIANG Huai-zhi,MA Zhi-hua,FU Dian-guo.Study on the germplasm characteristics of a new breed of Qianhua Mutton Merino[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2018,54(1):47-50.(in Chinese)
[8]张立岭.绵羊繁殖性能遗传研究进展[J].中国草食动物,2004,24(2):40-41.ZHANG Li-ling.Advances in the genetics of sheep reproductive performance[J].China Herbivores,2014,24(2):40-41.(in Chinese)
[9]杨立国.动物繁殖学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.YANG Li-guo.Zoogenetics[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[10]CUI Y,YU S J.Ovarion morphology and follicular systems in yaks of different ages[J].The Veterinary Journal,1999,157(2):197-205.
[11]GINTHER O J,WILTBANK M C,FRICKE P M,et al.Selection of the dominant follicle in cattle[J].Biology of Reproduction,1996,55:1187-1194.
[12]RAVINDRA J P,RAWLING N C,EVANS A C,et al.Ultrasonography study of ovarianfollicular dynanic in ewes during the oestrous cycley[J].Journal of Reproduction and Fertility,1994,101(2):501-509.
[13]MIYAMOTO Y,AKAIKE T,YOSHIDA M,et al.Potentiation of nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxation by xanthine oxidase inhibitors[J].Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine,1996,211:366.
[14]SMITH S K.Angiogensis and impantation[J].Human Reproduction,2000,15:59-66.
[15]RAJAK OSKI E.The ovarian follicular system in sexually mature heifers with special reference to seasonal,cyclical and left right variations[J].Acta Endorcrinologica,1960,34(Suppl.52):1-10.
[16]MARION G B,GIER H T,CHOUDARY J B.Micromorphology of the bovine ovarian follicular system[J].Journal of Animal Science,1968,27:549-553.