指数施肥对美国山核桃苗期光合生理特性的影响
|
摘要
为探究施肥对美国山核桃幼苗光合生理特性的影响,以一年生美国山核桃实生苗为试验材料,共设置0(CK),100,200,400,600,800mg/株6个不同供氮水平的施肥处理,运用指数施肥法研究了6种氮素施肥处理下美国山核桃生长及光合生理特性的变化。结果表明:(1)美国山核桃幼苗的苗高、地径、生物量随着施氮量的增加均呈现出先增后减的趋势,分别在N600处理(600mg/株)取得最大值33.4cm,5.08mm和9.33g;根冠比随着施氮量的增加而呈现递减趋势,在N800处理取得最小值0.39。(2)叶片叶绿素a,b与总量均随施氮量的增加而增加。(3)光合气体交换参数净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及蒸腾速率(Tr)随着施氮量的增加均呈现先增加后减小的趋势,且均在N600处理达到最大值,分别是10.53μmol/(m~2·s),0.192 mol/(m~2·s),241.7μmol/mol,2.85mmol/(m~2·s)。(4)叶片PSⅡ的最大量子产额(Fv/Fm)、实际最大量子产额(Yield)、光化学淬灭系数(Qp)和表观光合量子传递速率(ETR)均随着施氮量的增加呈现出先增后减的趋势,分别在N600处理(600mg/株)达到最大值0.795,0.356,0.379,23。这些结果表明:施氮量为600mg/株时能够显著提高其光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数,促进幼苗的生长,故600mg/株左右为美国山核桃温室培育条件下的最佳施氮量。
An exponential fertilization experiment was conducted with six dose levels(applying a total of 0,100,200,400,600,800 mg/seedling in this experiment)of nitrogen to assess the effects on different nitrogen levels on the photosynthetic characteristics of pecan seedlings.The objective of this study was to reveal the nitrogen demand and determine the optimal nitrogen amount for pecan seedlings.The results indicated that:(1)the height,ground diameter and biomass of pecan seedlings increased as the nitrogen fertilization increased from 0 to 600 mg/seedling and then decreased with the nitrogen fertilization increased from 600 to800 mg/seedling;the maximum values were 33.4 cm,5.08 mm and 9.33 g/seedling,respectively;the root shoot ratio decreased with the nitrogen fertilizer increased;(2)chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll increased with the nitrogen fertilizer increased;(3)the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate of pecan seedlings increased as the nitrogen fertilizer increased from 0 to 600 mg/seedling and then decreased with the nitrogen fertilizer increased from 600 to 800 mg/seedling.The maximum values were 10.53μmol/(m~2·s),0.192 mol/(m~2·s)241.7μmol/mol and2.85 mmol/(m~2·s),respectively;(4)Fv/Fm,Yield,Qp,ETR increased until the nitrogen application rate of 600 mg/seedling,with the highest values of 0.795,0.356,0.379 and 23,respectively.Based on these data,it could be concluded that 600 mg/seedling would be the optimal nitrogen amount for Caryaillinoinensis seedlings in greenhouse.
An exponential fertilization experiment was conducted with six dose levels(applying a total of 0,100,200,400,600,800 mg/seedling in this experiment)of nitrogen to assess the effects on different nitrogen levels on the photosynthetic characteristics of pecan seedlings.The objective of this study was to reveal the nitrogen demand and determine the optimal nitrogen amount for pecan seedlings.The results indicated that:(1)the height,ground diameter and biomass of pecan seedlings increased as the nitrogen fertilization increased from 0 to 600 mg/seedling and then decreased with the nitrogen fertilization increased from 600 to800 mg/seedling;the maximum values were 33.4 cm,5.08 mm and 9.33 g/seedling,respectively;the root shoot ratio decreased with the nitrogen fertilizer increased;(2)chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll increased with the nitrogen fertilizer increased;(3)the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate of pecan seedlings increased as the nitrogen fertilizer increased from 0 to 600 mg/seedling and then decreased with the nitrogen fertilizer increased from 600 to 800 mg/seedling.The maximum values were 10.53μmol/(m~2·s),0.192 mol/(m~2·s)241.7μmol/mol and2.85 mmol/(m~2·s),respectively;(4)Fv/Fm,Yield,Qp,ETR increased until the nitrogen application rate of 600 mg/seedling,with the highest values of 0.795,0.356,0.379 and 23,respectively.Based on these data,it could be concluded that 600 mg/seedling would be the optimal nitrogen amount for Caryaillinoinensis seedlings in greenhouse.
引文
[1]赵靖明.水土保持经济树种薄壳山核桃的耐盐性及耐水性评价研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.
[2]曹凡,谭鹏鹏,彭方仁.美国山核桃无性繁殖技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(1):76-80.
[3]习学良,范志远,邹伟烈,等.10个美国山核桃品种的引种研究初报[J].浙江林学院学报,2006,23(4):382-387.
[4]傅松玲,吴照柏.美国山核桃嫁接与栽培技术研究[J].经济林研究,2001,19(4):11-13.
[5]李晖,张瑞,彭方仁,等.美国山核桃种质资源遗传多样性ISSR分析[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(4):7-12.
[6]唐洁,汤玉喜,苏晓华,等.美洲黑杨无性系苗期光合生理特性研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(9):12-16.
[7]Nicodemus M A,Salifu F K,Jacobs D F.Growth,nutrition and photosynthetic response of black walnut to varying nitrogen sources and rates[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2008,31(11):1917-1936.
[8]付春霞,张元珍,王衍安,等.缺锌胁迫对苹果叶片光合速率及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(18):3826-3833.
[9]尤鑫,龚吉蕊.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及实例辨析[J].西部林业科学,2012,41(5):90-94.
[10]郑顺林,杨世民,李世林,等.氮肥水平对马铃薯光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(1):1-9.
[11]李旭新,刘炳响,郭智涛,等.NaCl胁迫下黄连木叶片光合特性及快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线的变化[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2479-2484.
[12]卢广超,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫对4种幼苗的叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(2):44-49.
[13]黄菁,吕芳德,和红晓.美国山核桃光合作用初探[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(3):174-177.
[14]高云,傅松玲.两个美国山核桃品种的光合生理特性比较[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(4):34-38.
[15]何海洋,彭方仁,张瑞,等.不同品种美国山核桃嫁接苗光合特性比较[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(4):19-25.
[16]凌骅,黄坚钦,温国胜,等.5种美国山核桃苗叶片光合生理特性比较[J].林业科学,2014,50(8):174-178.
[17]李小飞,曹凡,彭方仁,等.砧木年龄对美国山核桃嫁接苗光合特性的影响[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,40(3):75-80.
[18]Timmer V R.Exponential nutrient loading:a new fertilization technique to improve seedling performance on competitive sites.[J].New Forests,1997,13(1/3):279-299.
[19]李合生.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出社,2000.
[20]王燕,晏紫依,苏艳,等.不同施肥方法对欧洲云杉生长生理和根系形态的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(6):15-21.
[21]刘欢,王超琦,吴家森,等.氮素指数施肥对杉木无性系苗生长及养分含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3123-3128.
[22]贾瑞丰,尹光天,杨锦昌,等.不同氮素水平对红厚壳幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(1):23-29.
[23]王冉,何茜,李吉跃,等.N素指数施肥对沉香苗期光合生理特性的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(6):58-64.
[24]王力朋,晏紫伊,李吉跃,等.氮素指数施肥对3个楸树无性系光合特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(1):46-51.
[25]金继运,何萍.氮钾营养对春玉米后期碳氮代谢与粒重形成的影响[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(4):57-64.
[26]温国胜,田海涛,张明如,等.叶绿素荧光分析技术在林木培育中的应用[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(10):1973-1977.
[27]李双喜,杨曾奖,徐大平,等.施氮量对檀香幼苗生长及养分积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):807-814.
[28]张旺锋,勾玲,王振林,等.氮肥对新疆高产棉花叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(8):893-898.
[2]曹凡,谭鹏鹏,彭方仁.美国山核桃无性繁殖技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(1):76-80.
[3]习学良,范志远,邹伟烈,等.10个美国山核桃品种的引种研究初报[J].浙江林学院学报,2006,23(4):382-387.
[4]傅松玲,吴照柏.美国山核桃嫁接与栽培技术研究[J].经济林研究,2001,19(4):11-13.
[5]李晖,张瑞,彭方仁,等.美国山核桃种质资源遗传多样性ISSR分析[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(4):7-12.
[6]唐洁,汤玉喜,苏晓华,等.美洲黑杨无性系苗期光合生理特性研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(9):12-16.
[7]Nicodemus M A,Salifu F K,Jacobs D F.Growth,nutrition and photosynthetic response of black walnut to varying nitrogen sources and rates[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2008,31(11):1917-1936.
[8]付春霞,张元珍,王衍安,等.缺锌胁迫对苹果叶片光合速率及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(18):3826-3833.
[9]尤鑫,龚吉蕊.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及实例辨析[J].西部林业科学,2012,41(5):90-94.
[10]郑顺林,杨世民,李世林,等.氮肥水平对马铃薯光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(1):1-9.
[11]李旭新,刘炳响,郭智涛,等.NaCl胁迫下黄连木叶片光合特性及快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线的变化[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2479-2484.
[12]卢广超,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫对4种幼苗的叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(2):44-49.
[13]黄菁,吕芳德,和红晓.美国山核桃光合作用初探[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(3):174-177.
[14]高云,傅松玲.两个美国山核桃品种的光合生理特性比较[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(4):34-38.
[15]何海洋,彭方仁,张瑞,等.不同品种美国山核桃嫁接苗光合特性比较[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(4):19-25.
[16]凌骅,黄坚钦,温国胜,等.5种美国山核桃苗叶片光合生理特性比较[J].林业科学,2014,50(8):174-178.
[17]李小飞,曹凡,彭方仁,等.砧木年龄对美国山核桃嫁接苗光合特性的影响[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,40(3):75-80.
[18]Timmer V R.Exponential nutrient loading:a new fertilization technique to improve seedling performance on competitive sites.[J].New Forests,1997,13(1/3):279-299.
[19]李合生.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出社,2000.
[20]王燕,晏紫依,苏艳,等.不同施肥方法对欧洲云杉生长生理和根系形态的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(6):15-21.
[21]刘欢,王超琦,吴家森,等.氮素指数施肥对杉木无性系苗生长及养分含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3123-3128.
[22]贾瑞丰,尹光天,杨锦昌,等.不同氮素水平对红厚壳幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(1):23-29.
[23]王冉,何茜,李吉跃,等.N素指数施肥对沉香苗期光合生理特性的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(6):58-64.
[24]王力朋,晏紫伊,李吉跃,等.氮素指数施肥对3个楸树无性系光合特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(1):46-51.
[25]金继运,何萍.氮钾营养对春玉米后期碳氮代谢与粒重形成的影响[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(4):57-64.
[26]温国胜,田海涛,张明如,等.叶绿素荧光分析技术在林木培育中的应用[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(10):1973-1977.
[27]李双喜,杨曾奖,徐大平,等.施氮量对檀香幼苗生长及养分积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):807-814.
[28]张旺锋,勾玲,王振林,等.氮肥对新疆高产棉花叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(8):893-898.