指数施肥对美国山核桃幼苗生长及养分积累的影响
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摘要
以1年生美国山核桃(Carya illinoensis)实生苗为试验材料,以不施氮处理为对照,采用指数施肥法研究了5种氮素施肥处理(100、200、400、600、800 mg·株~(-1))对美国山核桃幼苗生长和养分积累的影响。结果表明:(1)美国山核桃幼苗的苗高、地径、茎生物量、叶生物量和总生物量均随着施氮量的增加而呈现先增后减的趋势,均在施氮量600 mg·株~(-1)时达到最大值,分别为33.4 cm、5.08 mm、2.30 g、4.39 g和9.33 g,是对照组的1.48、1.45、2.30、4.99、2.17倍。(2)根生物量随着施氮量的增加呈现出递减的趋势。(3)与对照组相比,各指数施肥处理的美国山核桃幼苗全株氮磷钾积累量分别提高了2.97~6.92、3.13~5.36、2.68~4.85倍,氮磷钾质量分数分别提高了0.98~3.35、1.07~2.50、0.84~1.80倍。(4)当施氮量≤600 mg·株~(-1)时,美国山核桃幼苗的总生物量和养分积累量均随着施氮量的增加而增加;当施氮量达到800 mg·株~(-1)时,其幼苗的总生物量和养分积累量出现明显下降;苗木养分质量分数始终保持上升趋势。因此,美国山核桃幼苗温室培育的最适施氮量约为600 mg·株~(-1)。
An exponential fertilization experiment was conducted with six dose levels( 0,100,200,400,600,800 mg·seedling~(-1)) of nitrogen to assess the effects on different nitrogen levels on the growth and nutrient accumulation of Carya illinoensis seedlings. It was indicated that:( 1) The height,diameter,stem biomass,leaf biomass and total biomass of pecan seedlings increased as the nitrogen fertilization increased from 0 to 600 mg·seedling~(-1),and then decreased with the nitrogen fertilization increased from 600 to 800 mg·seedling~(-1). The maximum values were 2.30,4.39 and 9.33 g·seedling~(-1),which were 1.48,1.45,2.30,4.99 and 2.17 times that of the CK,respectively.( 2) The root biomass of pecan seedlings decreased with the increase of N supply.( 3) For exponential fertilization treatments,the N accumulation increased by297%-692%,P accumulation increased by 313%-536% and K accumulation increased by 268%-485% with N concentration increasing 98%-335%,P concentration increased by 107%-250%,and K concentration increased by 84%-180%.( 4) The nutrient accumulation and total biomass of pecan seedlings increased as the nitrogen fertilization increased from 0 to 600 mg·seedling~(-1),and then decreased with the nitrogen fertilization increased from 600 to 800 mg·seedling~(-1).The nutrient concentration of pecan seedlings increased with the increase of N supply. Therefore,600 mg · seedling~(-1) would be the optimal nitrogen amount for pecan seedlings in greenhouse.
An exponential fertilization experiment was conducted with six dose levels( 0,100,200,400,600,800 mg·seedling~(-1)) of nitrogen to assess the effects on different nitrogen levels on the growth and nutrient accumulation of Carya illinoensis seedlings. It was indicated that:( 1) The height,diameter,stem biomass,leaf biomass and total biomass of pecan seedlings increased as the nitrogen fertilization increased from 0 to 600 mg·seedling~(-1),and then decreased with the nitrogen fertilization increased from 600 to 800 mg·seedling~(-1). The maximum values were 2.30,4.39 and 9.33 g·seedling~(-1),which were 1.48,1.45,2.30,4.99 and 2.17 times that of the CK,respectively.( 2) The root biomass of pecan seedlings decreased with the increase of N supply.( 3) For exponential fertilization treatments,the N accumulation increased by297%-692%,P accumulation increased by 313%-536% and K accumulation increased by 268%-485% with N concentration increasing 98%-335%,P concentration increased by 107%-250%,and K concentration increased by 84%-180%.( 4) The nutrient accumulation and total biomass of pecan seedlings increased as the nitrogen fertilization increased from 0 to 600 mg·seedling~(-1),and then decreased with the nitrogen fertilization increased from 600 to 800 mg·seedling~(-1).The nutrient concentration of pecan seedlings increased with the increase of N supply. Therefore,600 mg · seedling~(-1) would be the optimal nitrogen amount for pecan seedlings in greenhouse.
引文
[1]赵靖明.水土保持经济树种薄壳山核桃的耐盐性及耐水性评价研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.
[2]常君.美国山核桃苗木根系生长规律研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2008.
[3]魏红旭,徐程扬,马履一,等.不同指数施肥方法下长白落叶松播种苗的需肥规律[J].生态学报,2010,30(3):685-690.
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[7]刘欢,王超琦,吴家森,等.氮素指数施肥对杉木无性系苗生长及养分含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3123-3128.
[8]刘雪梅,金晓玲,伍江波,等.苗木氮素指数施肥的研究现状及应用前景[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(5):1-4,26.
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[12]XU X,TIMMER V R.Biomass and nutrient dynamics of Chinese fir seedlings under conventional and exponential fertilization regimes[J].Plant and Soil,1998,203(2):313-322.
[13]王力朋,晏紫伊,李吉跃,等.指数施肥对楸树无性系生物量分配和根系形态的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(23):7452-7462.
[14]王力朋,李吉跃,王军辉,等.指数施肥对楸树无性系幼苗生长和氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(6):55-62.
[15]汪力,郭素娟,刘正民.基于指数施肥法的一年生油松菌根化容器苗的供N研究[J].生物学杂志,2013,30(5):27-32.
[16]丁钿冉,郝龙飞,张静娴,等.指数施肥对白桦容器苗生物量及形态特征的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(10):31-34.
[17]贾瑞丰,尹光天,杨锦昌,等.不同氮素水平对红厚壳幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(1):23-29.
[18]何海洋,彭方仁,张瑞,等.不同品种美国山核桃嫁接苗光合特性比较[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):19-25.
[19]习学良,范志远,邹伟烈,等.10个美国山核桃品种的引种研究初报[J].浙江林学院学报,2006,23(4):382-387.
[20]傅松玲,吴照柏.美国山核桃嫁接与栽培技术研究[J].经济林研究,2001,19(4):11-13.
[21]李晖,张瑞,彭方仁,等.美国山核桃种质资源遗传多样性ISSR分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):7-12.
[22]何茜,王冉,李吉跃,等.不同浓度指数施肥方法下马来沉香与土沉香苗期需肥规律[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(5):1193-1203.
[23]张彦东,范志强,王庆成,等.不同形态N素对水曲柳幼苗生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(5):665-667.
[24]李双喜,杨曾奖,徐大平,等.施氮量对檀香幼苗生长及养分积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):807-814.
[25]SALIFU K F,TIMMER V R.Nitrogen retranslocation response of young Picea mariana to nitrogen-15 supply[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(1):309-317.
[26]MALIK V,TIMMER V R.Biomass partitioning and nitrogen retranslocation in black spruce seedlings on competitive mixedwood sites:a bioassay study[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1998,28(2):206-215.
[27]QUORESHI A M,TIMMER V R.Exponential fertilization increases nutrient uptake and ectomycorrhizal development of black spruce seedlings[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1998,28(5):674-682.
[28]张华林.尾巨桉苗期指数施肥及其生理效应研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.
[29]刘小星.夏蜡梅幼苗施肥技术研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2016.
[2]常君.美国山核桃苗木根系生长规律研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2008.
[3]魏红旭,徐程扬,马履一,等.不同指数施肥方法下长白落叶松播种苗的需肥规律[J].生态学报,2010,30(3):685-690.
[4]INGESTAD T,LUND A.Theory and techniques for steady state mineral nutrition and growth of plants[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,1986,1(1/2/3/4):439-453.
[5]TIMMER V R,MUNSON A D.Site-specific growth and nutrition of planted Picea mariana in the Ontario Clay Belt.IV.Nitrogen loading response[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1991,21(7):1058-1065.
[6]王益明,万福绪,胡菲,等.指数施肥对美国山核桃幼苗根系形态的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(3):29-32.
[7]刘欢,王超琦,吴家森,等.氮素指数施肥对杉木无性系苗生长及养分含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3123-3128.
[8]刘雪梅,金晓玲,伍江波,等.苗木氮素指数施肥的研究现状及应用前景[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(5):1-4,26.
[9]Mc ALISTER J A,TIMMER V R.Nutrient enrichment of white spruce seedlings during nursery culture and initial plantation establishment[J].Tree Physiol,1998,18(3):195-202.
[10]MILLER B D,TIMMER V R.Steady-state nutrition of Pinus resinosa seedlings:response to nutrient loading,irrigation and hardening regimes[J].Tree Physiol,1994,14(12):1327-1338.
[11]HAWKINS B J,BURGESS D,MITCHELL A K.Growth and nutrient dynamics of western hemlock with conventional or exponential greenhouse fertilization and planting in different fertility conditions[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2005,35(4):1002-1016.
[12]XU X,TIMMER V R.Biomass and nutrient dynamics of Chinese fir seedlings under conventional and exponential fertilization regimes[J].Plant and Soil,1998,203(2):313-322.
[13]王力朋,晏紫伊,李吉跃,等.指数施肥对楸树无性系生物量分配和根系形态的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(23):7452-7462.
[14]王力朋,李吉跃,王军辉,等.指数施肥对楸树无性系幼苗生长和氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(6):55-62.
[15]汪力,郭素娟,刘正民.基于指数施肥法的一年生油松菌根化容器苗的供N研究[J].生物学杂志,2013,30(5):27-32.
[16]丁钿冉,郝龙飞,张静娴,等.指数施肥对白桦容器苗生物量及形态特征的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(10):31-34.
[17]贾瑞丰,尹光天,杨锦昌,等.不同氮素水平对红厚壳幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(1):23-29.
[18]何海洋,彭方仁,张瑞,等.不同品种美国山核桃嫁接苗光合特性比较[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):19-25.
[19]习学良,范志远,邹伟烈,等.10个美国山核桃品种的引种研究初报[J].浙江林学院学报,2006,23(4):382-387.
[20]傅松玲,吴照柏.美国山核桃嫁接与栽培技术研究[J].经济林研究,2001,19(4):11-13.
[21]李晖,张瑞,彭方仁,等.美国山核桃种质资源遗传多样性ISSR分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):7-12.
[22]何茜,王冉,李吉跃,等.不同浓度指数施肥方法下马来沉香与土沉香苗期需肥规律[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(5):1193-1203.
[23]张彦东,范志强,王庆成,等.不同形态N素对水曲柳幼苗生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(5):665-667.
[24]李双喜,杨曾奖,徐大平,等.施氮量对檀香幼苗生长及养分积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):807-814.
[25]SALIFU K F,TIMMER V R.Nitrogen retranslocation response of young Picea mariana to nitrogen-15 supply[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(1):309-317.
[26]MALIK V,TIMMER V R.Biomass partitioning and nitrogen retranslocation in black spruce seedlings on competitive mixedwood sites:a bioassay study[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1998,28(2):206-215.
[27]QUORESHI A M,TIMMER V R.Exponential fertilization increases nutrient uptake and ectomycorrhizal development of black spruce seedlings[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1998,28(5):674-682.
[28]张华林.尾巨桉苗期指数施肥及其生理效应研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.
[29]刘小星.夏蜡梅幼苗施肥技术研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2016.