指数施肥对美国山核桃幼苗生物量及氮积累的影响
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摘要
为探究施肥对美国山核桃(Carya illinoensis)幼苗生长和氮素积累的影响,以一年生美国山核桃实生苗为试验材料,共设置0(CK)、100、200、400、600和800 mg·株~(-1)6个供氮水平,运用指数施肥法研究了6个供氮水平处理下美国山核桃生物量和氮积累的变化。结果表明:美国山核桃幼苗茎生物量、叶生物量和总生物量均随施氮量的增加而呈现先增后减的趋势,均在600 mg·株~(-1)达到最大值,分别为2.30、4.39和9.33 g,是CK组的2.30、4.99和2.17倍,而根生物量随着施氮量的增加呈现递减的趋势;与CK组相比,各指数施肥处理的美国山核桃幼苗根、茎、叶氮质量分数分别提高了0.79~6.40、1.01~3.52和0.43~1.03倍,而根、茎、叶氮积累量分别提高了1.84~6.66、2.40~9.35和4.02~8.23倍;当施氮量为≤600 mg·株~(-1)时,美国山核桃幼苗的总生物量和总氮累积量均随施氮量的增加而增加,而当施氮量达到800 mg·株~(-1)时,其幼苗的总生物量和总氮累积量出现明显下降,总氮质量分数始终保持上升趋势。因此,施氮量600 mg·株~(-1)左右为美国山核桃幼苗温室培育的最适施氮量。
An exponential fertilization experiment was conducted with six N application levels( 0( CK),100,200,400,600,800 mg·seedling~(-1)) to examine the effects of N application levels on the growth and N accumulation of pecan( Carya illinoensis) seedlings. The objective of this study was to reveal the N demand and determine the optimal N application amount for pecan seedlings. Results showed that the stem biomass,leaf biomass,and total biomass of pecan seedlings increased as fertilization levels increased from 0 to 600 mg·seedling~(-1) and then decreased with the levels increased from 600 to 800 mg ·seedling~(-1). The maximum values of these three variables were 2.30,4.39 and 9.33 g·seedling~(-1),being 2.30,4.99 and 2.17 times as high as that of the CK respectively. Root biomass decreased with the increases of N supply. For exponential fertilization treatments,the N concentration increased by 79%-640% in roots,101%-352%in stems,and 43%~(-1)03% in leaves with N content increasing 184%-666% in roots,240%-935% in stems,and 402%-823% in leaves. The N content and total biomass of pecan seedlings increased as the N fertilization increased from 0 to 600 mg·seedling~(-1) and then decreased with the fertilization levels from 600 to 800 mg·seedling~(-1). The N concentration of pecan seedlings increased with the increases of N supply. We concluded that 600 mg·seedling~(-1) would be the optimal N application level for pecan seedlings in greenhouse.
An exponential fertilization experiment was conducted with six N application levels( 0( CK),100,200,400,600,800 mg·seedling~(-1)) to examine the effects of N application levels on the growth and N accumulation of pecan( Carya illinoensis) seedlings. The objective of this study was to reveal the N demand and determine the optimal N application amount for pecan seedlings. Results showed that the stem biomass,leaf biomass,and total biomass of pecan seedlings increased as fertilization levels increased from 0 to 600 mg·seedling~(-1) and then decreased with the levels increased from 600 to 800 mg ·seedling~(-1). The maximum values of these three variables were 2.30,4.39 and 9.33 g·seedling~(-1),being 2.30,4.99 and 2.17 times as high as that of the CK respectively. Root biomass decreased with the increases of N supply. For exponential fertilization treatments,the N concentration increased by 79%-640% in roots,101%-352%in stems,and 43%~(-1)03% in leaves with N content increasing 184%-666% in roots,240%-935% in stems,and 402%-823% in leaves. The N content and total biomass of pecan seedlings increased as the N fertilization increased from 0 to 600 mg·seedling~(-1) and then decreased with the fertilization levels from 600 to 800 mg·seedling~(-1). The N concentration of pecan seedlings increased with the increases of N supply. We concluded that 600 mg·seedling~(-1) would be the optimal N application level for pecan seedlings in greenhouse.
引文
常君.2008.美国山核桃苗木根系生长规律研究(硕士学位论文).重庆:西南大学.
陈琳,曾杰,徐大平,等.2010.氮素营养对西南桦幼苗生长及叶片养分状况的影响.林业科学,46(5):35-40.
丁钿冉,郝龙飞,张静娴,等.2013.指数施肥对白桦容器苗生物量及形态特征的影响.东北林业大学学报,41(10):31-34.
傅松玲,吴照柏.2001.美国山核桃嫁接与栽培技术研究.经济林研究,32(4):11-13.
何茜,王冉,李吉跃,等.2012.不同浓度指数施肥方法下马来沉香与土沉香苗期需肥规律.植物营养与肥料学报,18(5):1193-1203.
何海洋,彭方仁,张瑞,等.2015.不同品种美国山核桃嫁接苗光合特性比较.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,39(4):19-25.
黄高宝,张恩和,胡恒觉.2001.不同玉米品种氮素营养效率差异的生态生理机制.植物营养与肥料学报,7(3):293-297
贾瑞丰,尹光天,杨锦昌,等.2012.不同氮素水平对红厚壳幼苗生长及光合特性的影响.林业科学研究,25(1):23-29.
李晖,张瑞,彭方仁,等.2015.美国山核桃种质资源遗传多样性ISSR分析.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,39(4):7-12.
李丽,王康才,李柯妮,等.2015.氮素营养对药用菊花氮代谢及产量品质的影响.生态学杂志,34(12):3348-3353.
李雯,张程,王庆成,等.2015.指数施肥对白桦裸根苗生长动态、生物量分配及光合作用的影响.植物研究,35(3):391-396,405.
李国雷,祝燕,蒋乐,等.2012.指数施肥对栓皮栎容器苗生长和氮积累的影响.东北林业大学学报,40(11):6-9.
李玲莉,李吉跃,张方秋,等.2010.容器苗指数施肥研究综述.世界林业研究,23(2):22-27.
林平,邹尚庆,李国雷,等.2013.油松容器苗生长和氮吸收对指数施肥的响应.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,37(3):23-28.
刘欢,王超琦,吴家森,等.2017.氮素指数施肥对1年生杉木苗生长及氮素积累的影响.浙江农林大学学报,34(3):459-464.
刘雪梅,金晓玲,伍江波,等.2014.苗木氮素指数施肥的研究现状及应用前景.中国土壤与肥料,(5):1-4,26.
刘洲鸿,刘勇,段树生.2002.不同水分条件下施肥对侧柏苗木生长及抗旱性的影响.北京林业大学学报,(Z1):56-60.
王冉,何茜,丁晓纲,等.2011.N素指数施肥对沉香苗期光合生理特性的影响.北京林业大学学报,33(6):58-64.
王东光,尹光天,邹文涛,等.2013.氮素营养对闽楠幼苗生长及光合特性的影响.林业科学研究,26(1):70-75.
王力朋,李吉跃,王军辉,等.2012a.指数施肥对楸树无性系幼苗生长和氮素吸收利用效率的影响.北京林业大学学报,34(6):55-62.
王力朋,晏紫伊,李吉跃,等.2012b.指数施肥对楸树无性系生物量分配和根系形态的影响.生态学报,32(23):7452-7462.
王力朋,晏紫伊,李吉跃,等.2013.氮素指数施肥对3个楸树无性系光合特性的影响.林业科学研究,26(1):46-51.
魏红旭,徐程扬,马履一,等.2010.不同指数施肥方法下长白落叶松播种苗的需肥规律.生态学报,30(3):685-690.
吴俊文,何茜,李吉跃,等.2015.不同氮素指数施肥下楸树无性系叶片发育动态变化.北京林业大学学报,37(7):19-28.
习学良,范志远,邹伟烈,等.2006.10个美国山核桃品种的引种研究初报.浙江林学院学报,23(4):382-387.
徐嘉科,陈闻,王晶,等.2015.不同施肥方式对红楠生长及营养特性的影响.生态学杂志,34(5):1241-1245.
张彦东,范志强,王庆成,等.2000.不同形态N素对水曲柳幼苗生长的影响.应用生态学报,11(5):665-667.
赵靖明.2013.水土保持经济树种薄壳山核桃的耐盐性及耐水性评价研究(硕士学位论文).重庆:西南大学.
祝燕,刘勇,李国雷,等.2011.氮素营养对长白落叶松移植苗生长及养分状况的影响.林业科学,47(9):168-172.
Hawkins BJ,Burgess D,Mitchell AK.2005.Growth and nutrient dynamics of western hemlock with conventional or exponential greenhouse fertilization and planting in different fertility conditions.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,35:1002-1016.
Ingestad T,Lund AB.1986.Theory and techniques for steady state mineral nutrition and growth of plants.Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,1:439-453.
Juntunen ML,Rikala R.2002.Leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus during production of forest seedlings in containers.Journal of Environmental Quality,31:1868-1874.
McAlister JA,Timmer VR.1998.Nutrient enrichment of white spruce seedlings during nursery culture and initial plantation establishment.Tree Physiology,18:195-202.
Miller BD,Timmer VR.1994.Steady-state nutrition of Pinus resinosa seedlings:Response to nutrient loading,irrigation and hardening regimes.Tree Physiology,14:1327-1338.
Salifu KF,Timmer VR.2001.Nutrient retranslocation response of Picea mariana seedlings to nitrogen supply.Soil Science Society of America Journal,65:905-913.
Salifu KF,Timmer VR.2003.Nitrogen retranslocation response of young Picea mariana to nitrogen-15 supply.Soil Science Society of America Journal,67:309-318
Timmer VR,Miller BD.1991.Effects of contrasting fertilization and moisture regimes on biomass,nutrients,and water relations of container grown red pine seedlings.New Forests,5:335-348.
Timmer VR.1997.Exponential nutrient loading:A new fertilization technique to improve seedling performance on competitive sites.New Forests,13:275-295
Xu XJ,Timmer VR.1998.Biomass and nutrient dynamics of Chinese fir seedlings under conventional and exponential fertilization regimes.Plant and Soil,203:313-322.
陈琳,曾杰,徐大平,等.2010.氮素营养对西南桦幼苗生长及叶片养分状况的影响.林业科学,46(5):35-40.
丁钿冉,郝龙飞,张静娴,等.2013.指数施肥对白桦容器苗生物量及形态特征的影响.东北林业大学学报,41(10):31-34.
傅松玲,吴照柏.2001.美国山核桃嫁接与栽培技术研究.经济林研究,32(4):11-13.
何茜,王冉,李吉跃,等.2012.不同浓度指数施肥方法下马来沉香与土沉香苗期需肥规律.植物营养与肥料学报,18(5):1193-1203.
何海洋,彭方仁,张瑞,等.2015.不同品种美国山核桃嫁接苗光合特性比较.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,39(4):19-25.
黄高宝,张恩和,胡恒觉.2001.不同玉米品种氮素营养效率差异的生态生理机制.植物营养与肥料学报,7(3):293-297
贾瑞丰,尹光天,杨锦昌,等.2012.不同氮素水平对红厚壳幼苗生长及光合特性的影响.林业科学研究,25(1):23-29.
李晖,张瑞,彭方仁,等.2015.美国山核桃种质资源遗传多样性ISSR分析.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,39(4):7-12.
李丽,王康才,李柯妮,等.2015.氮素营养对药用菊花氮代谢及产量品质的影响.生态学杂志,34(12):3348-3353.
李雯,张程,王庆成,等.2015.指数施肥对白桦裸根苗生长动态、生物量分配及光合作用的影响.植物研究,35(3):391-396,405.
李国雷,祝燕,蒋乐,等.2012.指数施肥对栓皮栎容器苗生长和氮积累的影响.东北林业大学学报,40(11):6-9.
李玲莉,李吉跃,张方秋,等.2010.容器苗指数施肥研究综述.世界林业研究,23(2):22-27.
林平,邹尚庆,李国雷,等.2013.油松容器苗生长和氮吸收对指数施肥的响应.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,37(3):23-28.
刘欢,王超琦,吴家森,等.2017.氮素指数施肥对1年生杉木苗生长及氮素积累的影响.浙江农林大学学报,34(3):459-464.
刘雪梅,金晓玲,伍江波,等.2014.苗木氮素指数施肥的研究现状及应用前景.中国土壤与肥料,(5):1-4,26.
刘洲鸿,刘勇,段树生.2002.不同水分条件下施肥对侧柏苗木生长及抗旱性的影响.北京林业大学学报,(Z1):56-60.
王冉,何茜,丁晓纲,等.2011.N素指数施肥对沉香苗期光合生理特性的影响.北京林业大学学报,33(6):58-64.
王东光,尹光天,邹文涛,等.2013.氮素营养对闽楠幼苗生长及光合特性的影响.林业科学研究,26(1):70-75.
王力朋,李吉跃,王军辉,等.2012a.指数施肥对楸树无性系幼苗生长和氮素吸收利用效率的影响.北京林业大学学报,34(6):55-62.
王力朋,晏紫伊,李吉跃,等.2012b.指数施肥对楸树无性系生物量分配和根系形态的影响.生态学报,32(23):7452-7462.
王力朋,晏紫伊,李吉跃,等.2013.氮素指数施肥对3个楸树无性系光合特性的影响.林业科学研究,26(1):46-51.
魏红旭,徐程扬,马履一,等.2010.不同指数施肥方法下长白落叶松播种苗的需肥规律.生态学报,30(3):685-690.
吴俊文,何茜,李吉跃,等.2015.不同氮素指数施肥下楸树无性系叶片发育动态变化.北京林业大学学报,37(7):19-28.
习学良,范志远,邹伟烈,等.2006.10个美国山核桃品种的引种研究初报.浙江林学院学报,23(4):382-387.
徐嘉科,陈闻,王晶,等.2015.不同施肥方式对红楠生长及营养特性的影响.生态学杂志,34(5):1241-1245.
张彦东,范志强,王庆成,等.2000.不同形态N素对水曲柳幼苗生长的影响.应用生态学报,11(5):665-667.
赵靖明.2013.水土保持经济树种薄壳山核桃的耐盐性及耐水性评价研究(硕士学位论文).重庆:西南大学.
祝燕,刘勇,李国雷,等.2011.氮素营养对长白落叶松移植苗生长及养分状况的影响.林业科学,47(9):168-172.
Hawkins BJ,Burgess D,Mitchell AK.2005.Growth and nutrient dynamics of western hemlock with conventional or exponential greenhouse fertilization and planting in different fertility conditions.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,35:1002-1016.
Ingestad T,Lund AB.1986.Theory and techniques for steady state mineral nutrition and growth of plants.Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,1:439-453.
Juntunen ML,Rikala R.2002.Leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus during production of forest seedlings in containers.Journal of Environmental Quality,31:1868-1874.
McAlister JA,Timmer VR.1998.Nutrient enrichment of white spruce seedlings during nursery culture and initial plantation establishment.Tree Physiology,18:195-202.
Miller BD,Timmer VR.1994.Steady-state nutrition of Pinus resinosa seedlings:Response to nutrient loading,irrigation and hardening regimes.Tree Physiology,14:1327-1338.
Salifu KF,Timmer VR.2001.Nutrient retranslocation response of Picea mariana seedlings to nitrogen supply.Soil Science Society of America Journal,65:905-913.
Salifu KF,Timmer VR.2003.Nitrogen retranslocation response of young Picea mariana to nitrogen-15 supply.Soil Science Society of America Journal,67:309-318
Timmer VR,Miller BD.1991.Effects of contrasting fertilization and moisture regimes on biomass,nutrients,and water relations of container grown red pine seedlings.New Forests,5:335-348.
Timmer VR.1997.Exponential nutrient loading:A new fertilization technique to improve seedling performance on competitive sites.New Forests,13:275-295
Xu XJ,Timmer VR.1998.Biomass and nutrient dynamics of Chinese fir seedlings under conventional and exponential fertilization regimes.Plant and Soil,203:313-322.