指数施肥对美国山核桃幼苗生长及叶片养分含量的影响
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摘要
为探究施肥对美国山核桃幼苗生长和叶片养分状况的影响,以美国山核桃1年生实生苗为试验材料,共设置0 (CK)、100、200、400、600、800 mg/株6个不同的施氮处理,运用指数施肥法研究了6种氮素施肥处理下美国山核桃生长和叶片养分含量的变化。结果表明:美国山核桃幼苗的苗高、地径、生物量随着施氮量的增加均呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,分别在N600处理(600 mg/株)达到最大值,分别为33. 4 cm、5. 08 mm和9. 33 g/株。运用临界浓度法确定出美国山核桃幼苗叶片氮、磷、钾含量的临界值分别为22. 58、1. 89和12. 71 g/kg,最适含量范围分别为22. 58～32. 73、1. 89～3. 15和12. 72～22. 05 g/kg。综合3种养分的最适含量范围,推断出美国山核桃幼苗的最适施氮量为600 mg/株。
An exponential fertilization experiment was conducted with six dose levels( applying a total of 0,100,200,400,600,800 mg/plant in this experiment) of nitrogen to assess the effects of different nitrogen levels on the growth and foliar nutrient status of pecan seedlings. The objective of this study was to reveal the nitrogen demand and determine the optimal nitrogen amount for pecan seedlings. Results indicated that:( 1) the height,ground diameter and biomass of pecan seedlings increased as the nitrogen fertilization increased from 0 to 600 mg/plant and then decreased when the nitrogen fertilization increased from 600 to 800 mg/plant. The maximum values were 33. 4 cm,5. 08 mm and 9. 33 g/plant,respectively. Critical level approach was used for identifying N,P and K deficiencies by means of foliar analysis in pecan seedlings,and the critical values of N,P,and K were 22. 58,1. 89 and 12. 71 g/kg,while their optimal concentrations ranged from 22. 58 to 32. 73,1. 89 to 3. 15,12. 72 to 22. 05 g/kg,respectively. Based on these results,it could be inferred that 600 mg/plant would be the optimal nitrogen amount for pecan seedlings.
An exponential fertilization experiment was conducted with six dose levels( applying a total of 0,100,200,400,600,800 mg/plant in this experiment) of nitrogen to assess the effects of different nitrogen levels on the growth and foliar nutrient status of pecan seedlings. The objective of this study was to reveal the nitrogen demand and determine the optimal nitrogen amount for pecan seedlings. Results indicated that:( 1) the height,ground diameter and biomass of pecan seedlings increased as the nitrogen fertilization increased from 0 to 600 mg/plant and then decreased when the nitrogen fertilization increased from 600 to 800 mg/plant. The maximum values were 33. 4 cm,5. 08 mm and 9. 33 g/plant,respectively. Critical level approach was used for identifying N,P and K deficiencies by means of foliar analysis in pecan seedlings,and the critical values of N,P,and K were 22. 58,1. 89 and 12. 71 g/kg,while their optimal concentrations ranged from 22. 58 to 32. 73,1. 89 to 3. 15,12. 72 to 22. 05 g/kg,respectively. Based on these results,it could be inferred that 600 mg/plant would be the optimal nitrogen amount for pecan seedlings.
引文
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[14]陈琳,曾杰,徐大平,等.氮素营养对西南桦幼苗生长及叶片养分状况的影响[J].林业科学,2010,46(5):35-40.
[15]何茜,王冉,李吉跃,等.不同浓度指数施肥方法下马来沉香与土沉香苗期需肥规律[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(5):1193-1203.
[2] Juntunen M L,Rikala R. Leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus during production of forest seedlings in containers[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2002,31:1868-1874.
[3]王力朋,晏紫伊,李吉跃,等.氮素指数施肥对3个楸树无性系光合特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(1):46-51.
[4]刘欢,王超琦,吴家森,等.氮素指数施肥对1年生杉木苗生长及氮素积累的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017,34(3):459-464.
[5]刘雪梅,金晓玲,伍江波,等.苗木氮素指数施肥的研究现状及应用前景[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014,(5):1-4,26.
[6]李玲莉,李吉跃,张方秋,等.容器苗指数施肥研究综述[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(2):22-27.
[7]赵靖明.水土保持经济树种薄壳山核桃的耐盐性及耐水性评价研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.
[8]常君.美国山核桃苗木根系生长规律研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2008.
[9] Timmer V R. Exponential nutrient loading:a new fertilization technique to improve seedling performance on competitive sites[J]. New Forests,1997,13:275-295.
[10]贾瑞丰,尹光天,杨锦昌,等.不同氮素水平对红厚壳幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(1):23-29.
[11] Ulrich A,Hill F. Principles and practices of plant analysis[C]//Westerman R L. Soil test and plant analysis partⅡ.Msdison,US:Soil Science Society of America,1967. 1-24.
[12] Ericsson T,Ingestad T. Nutrition and growth of birch seedlings at varied relative phosphorus addition rates[J]. Physiologia Plantarum,1988,72:227-235.
[13]黄益宗,冯宗炜,李志先,等.尾叶桉叶片氮磷钾钙镁硼元素营养诊断指标[J].生态学报,2002,22(8):1254-1259.
[14]陈琳,曾杰,徐大平,等.氮素营养对西南桦幼苗生长及叶片养分状况的影响[J].林业科学,2010,46(5):35-40.
[15]何茜,王冉,李吉跃,等.不同浓度指数施肥方法下马来沉香与土沉香苗期需肥规律[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(5):1193-1203.