元江县火龙果种植气候适宜性区划与气象灾害分析
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摘要
在以往火龙果生长气候影响研究基础上,分析建立了元江县火龙果种植气候适宜性区划指标;对元江县气候区划因子进行了基于空间模型的精细推算,借助GIS平台,依据区划指标得出火龙果种植气候适宜性综合区划,并分析了元江县火龙果种植存在的气象灾害风险。结果表明,元江县火龙果种植气候适宜性区划可分为最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区4个区域,最适宜区为元江县河谷、山谷周边海拔在500～800 m的平坝或坡地,可大面积种植高品质火龙果;适宜区为元江县流域沿岸低海拔地区和海拔在800～900 m的坡地;不适宜区为海拔在1 000 m以上的山区,低温冻害时有发生;其余地方为次适宜区,可小面积种植。影响元江县火龙果种植的气象灾害有高温热害、渍害、低温冻害和大风。
Based on the research on the climate impact of the growth of pitaya, the zoning indicators of the climate suitability of the pitaya planting in Yuanjiang were analyzed.The climatic zoning factors of Yuanjiang were calculated based on the GIS platform,according to the zoning indicators, the climatic suitability zoning of dragon fruit planting was obtained, and the meteorological disaster risk of Yuanjiang pitaya planting was analyzed.The results showed that the climate suitability zoning of Yuanjiang pitaya planting could be divided into four areas: the most suitable area, the suitable area, the sub-suitable area and the unsuitable area.The most suitable area was the dams and hills at an altitude between 500 meters to 800 meters around the Yuanjiang valleys, which can plant high-quality dragon fruit in large areas;the suitable area included the low-lying areas along the river and the hills at an altitude between 800 meters to 900 meters;the unsuitable area were the mountainous areas, more than 1 000 meters above the sea level, where low temperature and winter injury occur frequently. The rest areas in Yuanjiang County were good zones in which some amount of pitaya can be planted.The meteorological disasters affecting the cultivation of pitaya fruit in Yuanjiang County were high temperature heat damage, waterlogging, low temperature freezing damage and strong wind.
Based on the research on the climate impact of the growth of pitaya, the zoning indicators of the climate suitability of the pitaya planting in Yuanjiang were analyzed.The climatic zoning factors of Yuanjiang were calculated based on the GIS platform,according to the zoning indicators, the climatic suitability zoning of dragon fruit planting was obtained, and the meteorological disaster risk of Yuanjiang pitaya planting was analyzed.The results showed that the climate suitability zoning of Yuanjiang pitaya planting could be divided into four areas: the most suitable area, the suitable area, the sub-suitable area and the unsuitable area.The most suitable area was the dams and hills at an altitude between 500 meters to 800 meters around the Yuanjiang valleys, which can plant high-quality dragon fruit in large areas;the suitable area included the low-lying areas along the river and the hills at an altitude between 800 meters to 900 meters;the unsuitable area were the mountainous areas, more than 1 000 meters above the sea level, where low temperature and winter injury occur frequently. The rest areas in Yuanjiang County were good zones in which some amount of pitaya can be planted.The meteorological disasters affecting the cultivation of pitaya fruit in Yuanjiang County were high temperature heat damage, waterlogging, low temperature freezing damage and strong wind.
引文
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[3] 李兴华.21世纪保健食品——火龙果[J].云南农业,2001(7):14.
[4] 王彬,郑伟,韦茜,等.火龙果的保健价值及发展前景[J].广西热带农业,2004(3):19-21.
[5] 王彬,郑伟.火龙果在贵州南亚热带地区的发展前景[J].福建果树,2004(1):36-38.
[6] 《云南年鉴》编辑委员会.云南年鉴[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,2012.
[7] 郑小琴,许乾杰.漳州市火龙果低温冻害及其气候分析[J].福建农业科技,2008(2):79-80.
[8] 谷晓平,袁小康,胡家敏.火龙果幼苗和成龄树寒害指标初探[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(2):214-220.
[9] 方百富,潘小利,王增建,等.温度对仙蜜果枝条和花蕾生长以及结果性状的影响[J].上海蔬菜,2004(6):75-76.
[10] 高阳华,陈志军,居,等.基于GIS的三峡库区精细化甜橙气候生态区划[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(7):1-6.
[11] 班用名.火龙果无公害栽培技术[J].广西热带农业,2008(2):31-32.
[12] 甘一忠,李耀先.2003年广西主要农业气象灾害及防御对策[J].广西气象,2004,25(2):21-23.