长期施肥对褐土有机碳矿化的影响
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摘要
以26 a长期定位施肥试验为依托,选取其中6个具有代表性的施肥处理:N_3P_3(单施化肥)、N_3P_4M_1(施用化肥及低量有机肥)、N_3P_1M_2(施用化肥及低量有机肥)、N_3P_2M_3(施用化肥及低量有机肥)、M_6(单施有机肥),以不施肥为对照(CK),采用室内模拟培养试验法研究了长期施肥对褐土有机碳矿化的影响,为科学管理褐土土壤肥力提供依据。结果表明,不同施肥处理使土壤有机碳含量提升了6.28%～156.75%,以M_6处理土壤有机碳含量最高。不同处理土壤有机碳矿化速率均在培养第2天达到峰值,随后急剧下降,第4天后各处理的土壤有机碳矿化速率变化趋于一致,且培养期间各处理土壤有机碳矿化速率随培养时间的变化符合对数函数关系。培养32 d后,各处理土壤有机碳累积矿化量介于1 021.12～2 066.86 mg/kg,以M_6处理最高,较CK提高了102.41%。长期施肥处理均降低了土壤有机碳累积矿化率,以M_6处理下降最明显,与CK相比,降低了2.35%。一级动力学方程的拟合结果表明,长期施肥处理均提高了土壤潜在可矿化有机碳量,以M_6提高最为显著。此外,长期施肥处理均提升了土壤有机碳库的周转速率,缩短了土壤有机碳库半周转期。综上,M_6、N_3P_4M_1、N_3P_1M_2、N_3P_2M_3处理在提高土壤有机碳累积矿化量的同时降低了其土壤有机碳累积矿化率,加强了土壤的固碳能力。单施有机肥可作为褐土培肥管理的最佳选择。
Based on the 26 years long-term fertilization experiment,chose 6 representative fertilization treatments:N_3P_3(single application of chemical fertilizer),N_3P_4M_1(application of chemical fertilizer and low-level organic fertilizer),N_3P_1M_2(application of chemical fertilizer and low-level organic fertilizer),N_3P_2M_3(application of chemical fertilizer and low-level organic fertilizer),M_6(single application of organic fertilizer),no fertilization as control(CK),used the indoor simulated culture test,to study the effects of long-term fertilization on the organic carbon mineralization of cinnamon soil, and to provid a basis for scientific management of cinnamon soil fertility.The results showed that,the soil organic carbon content increased by 6.28% to 156.75% of different fertilization treatments,and the soil organic carbon content of M_6 treatment was the highest.The soil organic carbon mineralization rate of different fertilization treatments peaked on the 2 nd incubation day,then decreased sharply,the soil organic carbon mineralization rate of each treatment tended to be consistent after the 4 th day,and the carbon mineralization rate and change of incubation time was logarithm function.After 32 days of incubation, the cumulative mineralization of soil organic carbon of each treatment ranged from 1 021.12 to 2 066.86 mg/kg, which was the highest with M_6 treatment, and increased by 102.41%compared with CK.Long-term fertilization treatments reduced the cumulative mineralization rate of soil organic carbon,which was the most obvious with M_6 treatment,and decreased by 2.35% compared with CK.The fitting results of the first-order kinetic equation showed that,long-term fertilization treatments increased the soil potential mineralizable organic carbon,and M_6 treatment was the most significant.In addition,long-term fertilization treatments increased the turnover rate of soil organic carbon pool and shortened the half-turn period of it.In summary,M_6,N_3P_4M_1,N_3P_1M_2 and N_3P_2M_3 promoted the cumulative mineralization of soil organic carbon while reducing the cumulative mineralization rate of soil organic carbon and strengthened the soil carbon sequestration capacity.Singal application of organic fertilizer could be took as the optimal choice of cinnamon soil fertility management.
Based on the 26 years long-term fertilization experiment,chose 6 representative fertilization treatments:N_3P_3(single application of chemical fertilizer),N_3P_4M_1(application of chemical fertilizer and low-level organic fertilizer),N_3P_1M_2(application of chemical fertilizer and low-level organic fertilizer),N_3P_2M_3(application of chemical fertilizer and low-level organic fertilizer),M_6(single application of organic fertilizer),no fertilization as control(CK),used the indoor simulated culture test,to study the effects of long-term fertilization on the organic carbon mineralization of cinnamon soil, and to provid a basis for scientific management of cinnamon soil fertility.The results showed that,the soil organic carbon content increased by 6.28% to 156.75% of different fertilization treatments,and the soil organic carbon content of M_6 treatment was the highest.The soil organic carbon mineralization rate of different fertilization treatments peaked on the 2 nd incubation day,then decreased sharply,the soil organic carbon mineralization rate of each treatment tended to be consistent after the 4 th day,and the carbon mineralization rate and change of incubation time was logarithm function.After 32 days of incubation, the cumulative mineralization of soil organic carbon of each treatment ranged from 1 021.12 to 2 066.86 mg/kg, which was the highest with M_6 treatment, and increased by 102.41%compared with CK.Long-term fertilization treatments reduced the cumulative mineralization rate of soil organic carbon,which was the most obvious with M_6 treatment,and decreased by 2.35% compared with CK.The fitting results of the first-order kinetic equation showed that,long-term fertilization treatments increased the soil potential mineralizable organic carbon,and M_6 treatment was the most significant.In addition,long-term fertilization treatments increased the turnover rate of soil organic carbon pool and shortened the half-turn period of it.In summary,M_6,N_3P_4M_1,N_3P_1M_2 and N_3P_2M_3 promoted the cumulative mineralization of soil organic carbon while reducing the cumulative mineralization rate of soil organic carbon and strengthened the soil carbon sequestration capacity.Singal application of organic fertilizer could be took as the optimal choice of cinnamon soil fertility management.
引文
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[18] 张薇,王子芳,王辉,等.土壤水分和植物残体对紫色水稻土有机碳矿化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1013-1019.
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[20] 韩晓日,苏俊峰,谢芳,等.长期施肥对棕壤有机碳及各组分的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(4):730-733.
[21] 李渝,罗龙皂,何昀昆,等.长期施肥对黄壤性水稻土耕层有机碳平衡特征的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(6):2428-2431.
[22] 吴萌,李忠佩,冯有智,等.长期施肥处理下不同类型水稻土有机碳矿化的动态差异[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(9):1705-1714.
[23] 王朔林,杨艳菊,王改兰,等.长期施肥对栗褐土有机碳矿化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1278-1285.
[24] 贾曼莉,郭宏,李会科.渭北生草果园土壤有机碳矿化及其与土壤酶活性的关系[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2777-2783.
[25] 张敬业,张文菊,徐明岗,等.长期施肥下红壤有机碳及其颗粒组分对不同施肥模式的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):868-875.
[26] 马天娥,魏艳春,杨宪龙,等.长期施肥措施下土壤有机碳矿化特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(1):8-16.
[27] 林杉,陈涛,赵劲松,等.不同培养温度下长期施肥水稻土的有机碳矿化特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1340-1348.
[28] 李英臣,宋长春,侯翠翠,等.不同氮施入对湿地草甸沼泽土N2O排放和有机碳矿化的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2091-2096.
[29] 段建南,赵丽兵,王改兰,等.长期定位试验条件下土地生产力和土壤肥力的变化[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,28(6):479-482.
[30] 段建南,李旭森,王改兰,等.黄土高原土壤变化及其过程模拟[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2001.
[31] 陈吉,赵炳梓,张佳宝,等.长期施肥潮土在玉米季施肥初期的有机碳矿化过程研究[J].土壤,2009,41(5):719-725.
[32] 李顺姬,邱莉萍,张兴昌.黄土高原土壤有机碳矿化及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1217-1226.
[2] GREGORICHE G,ROCHETTE P,VANDENBYGAART A J,et al.Greenhouse gas contributions of agricultural soils and potential mitigation practices in Eastern Canada[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2005,83:53-72.
[3] IPCC.Climate change 2007:Synthesis Report[M].Switzerland:IPCC,2007:16.
[4] 葛序娟,潘剑君,邬建红,等.培养温度对水稻土有机碳矿化参数的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):562-569.
[5] 马昕昕.温度对太谷县农田土壤有机碳矿化的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(5):769-772.
[6] 贾俊仙,蔚耀洲,张健,等.土壤水分对半干旱区石灰性土壤有机碳矿化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(9):62-68.
[7] 孙中林,吴金水,葛体达,等.土壤质地和水分对水稻土有机碳矿化的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(1):214-220.
[8] 陈涛,郝晓晖,杜丽君,等.长期施肥对水稻土土壤有机碳矿化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(7):1494-1500.
[9] LI Z P,LIU M,WU X C,et al.Effects of long-term chemical fertilization and organic amendments on dynamics of soil organic C and total N in paddy soil derived from barren land in subtropical China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2010,106(2):208-274.
[10] 李梦雅,王伯仁,徐明岗,等.长期施肥对红壤有机碳矿化及微生物活性的影响[J].核农学报,2009,23(6):1043-1049.
[11] 郭振,王小利,段建军,等.长期施肥对黄壤性水稻土有机碳矿化的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(1):225-235.
[12] MO J M,ZHANG W,ZHU W X,et al.Nitrogen addition reduces soil respiration in a mature tropical forest in southern China[J].Global Change Biology,2007,14(2):403-412.
[13] GOVI M,FRANCIOSO O,CIAVATTA C,et al.Influence of long-term residue and fertilizer applications on soil humic substances:A study by electro focusing[J].Soil Science,1992,154(1):8-13.
[14] JENKINSON D S,FOX R H,RAYNER J H.Interactions between fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen the so-called ‘priming’effect[J].Journal of Soil Science,1985,36(3):425-444.
[15] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[16] 吴建国,张小全,徐德应.六盘山林区几种土地利用方式对土壤有机碳矿化影响的比较[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(4):530-538.
[17] 李忠佩,张桃林,陈碧云.可溶性有机碳的含量动态及其与土壤有机碳矿化的关系[J].土壤学报,2004,41(4):544-552.
[18] 张薇,王子芳,王辉,等.土壤水分和植物残体对紫色水稻土有机碳矿化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):1013-1019.
[19] 诸葛玉平,张旭东,刘启.长期施肥对黑土呼吸过程的影响[J].土壤通报,2005,36(3):391-394.
[20] 韩晓日,苏俊峰,谢芳,等.长期施肥对棕壤有机碳及各组分的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(4):730-733.
[21] 李渝,罗龙皂,何昀昆,等.长期施肥对黄壤性水稻土耕层有机碳平衡特征的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(6):2428-2431.
[22] 吴萌,李忠佩,冯有智,等.长期施肥处理下不同类型水稻土有机碳矿化的动态差异[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(9):1705-1714.
[23] 王朔林,杨艳菊,王改兰,等.长期施肥对栗褐土有机碳矿化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1278-1285.
[24] 贾曼莉,郭宏,李会科.渭北生草果园土壤有机碳矿化及其与土壤酶活性的关系[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2777-2783.
[25] 张敬业,张文菊,徐明岗,等.长期施肥下红壤有机碳及其颗粒组分对不同施肥模式的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):868-875.
[26] 马天娥,魏艳春,杨宪龙,等.长期施肥措施下土壤有机碳矿化特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(1):8-16.
[27] 林杉,陈涛,赵劲松,等.不同培养温度下长期施肥水稻土的有机碳矿化特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1340-1348.
[28] 李英臣,宋长春,侯翠翠,等.不同氮施入对湿地草甸沼泽土N2O排放和有机碳矿化的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2091-2096.
[29] 段建南,赵丽兵,王改兰,等.长期定位试验条件下土地生产力和土壤肥力的变化[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,28(6):479-482.
[30] 段建南,李旭森,王改兰,等.黄土高原土壤变化及其过程模拟[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2001.
[31] 陈吉,赵炳梓,张佳宝,等.长期施肥潮土在玉米季施肥初期的有机碳矿化过程研究[J].土壤,2009,41(5):719-725.
[32] 李顺姬,邱莉萍,张兴昌.黄土高原土壤有机碳矿化及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1217-1226.