微生物对脑功能影响的研究进展
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摘要
目前胃肠道微生物群与人类健康之间的关系越来越得到重视。微生物-肠-脑轴的出现描述了胃肠道微生物群与宿主之间复杂的关系网络,这种双向交流网络是通过自主神经系统、神经内分泌系统、肠道神经系统和免疫系统途径产生作用的。这种网络途径任何一环的中断或破坏可能会影响健康,多项研究已证实肠道微生物群紊乱与多种宿主疾病有关,如肥胖症、糖尿病和炎症,且最近的证据表明微生物-肠-脑轴在神经精神障碍中也具有潜在作用,如抑郁和焦虑障碍。本文回顾了关于肠道微生物群对中枢神经系统功能影响的文献,特别是涉及到焦虑和抑郁障碍的研究。
引文
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[2]Furness JB,Kunze WA,Clerc N.Nutrient tasting and signaling mechanisms in the gut. II. The intestine as a sensory organ:neural,endocrine,and immune responses[J]. Am J Physiol,1999,277(1):922-928.
[3]Sherwin E,Sandhu KV,Dinan TG,et al. May the Force Be With You:The Light and Dark Sides of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neuropsychiatry[J].CNS Drugs,2016,30(11):1019-1041.
[4]Grenham S,Clarke G,Cryan JF,et al.Brain-gut-microbe communication in health and disease[J].Front Physiol,2011,2:94.
[5]Goehler LE,Park SM,Opitz N,et al.Campylobacter jejuni infection increases anxiety-like behavior in the holeboard:possible anatomical substrates for viscerosensory modulation of exploratory behavior[J].Brain Behav Immun,2008,22(3):354-366.
[6]Lyte M,Li W,Opitz N,et al. Induction of anxiety-like behavior in mice during the initial stages of infection with the agent of murine colonic hyperplasia Citrobacter rodentium[J]. Physiol Behav,2006,89(3):350-357.
[7]Wang X,Wang BR,Zhang XJ,et al.Evidences for vagus nerve in maintenance of immune balance and transmission of immune information from gut to brain in STM-infected rats[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2002,8(3):540-545.
[8]Forsythe P,Kunze WA.Voices from within:gut microbes and the CNS[J].Cell Mol Life Sci,2013,70(1):55-69.
[9]Bazinet RP,Laye S.Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in brain function and disease[J].Nat Rev Neurosci,2014,15(12):771-785.
[10]Song C,Lin A,Bonaccorso S,et al. The inflammatory response system and the availability of plasma tryptophan in patients with primary sleep disorders and major depression[J]. J Affect Disord,1998,49(3):211-221.
[11]Barrett E,Ross RP,O'Toole PW,et al. gamma-Aminobutyric acid production by culturable bacteria from the human intestine[J]. J Appl Microbiol,2012,113:411-417.
[12]Higuchi T,Hayashi H,Abe K. Exchange of glutamate and gammaaminobutyrate in a Lactobacillus strain[J]. J Bacteriol,1997,179(10):3362-3364.
[13]Baxter AJ,Patton G,Scott KM,et al.Global epidemiology of mental disorders:what are we missing[J].PLoS One,2013,8(6):e65514.
[14]Kessler RC,Bromet EJ. The epidemiology of depression across cultures[J].Annu Rev Public Health,2013,34(1):119-138.
[15]Mc Ewen BS,Bowles NP,Gray JD,et al.Mechanisms of stress in the brain[J].Nat Neurosci,2015,18(10):1353-1363.
[16]Reigstad CS,Salmonson CE,Rainey JF,et al.Gut microbes promote colonic serotonin production through an effect of short-chain fatty acids on enterochromaffin cells[J]. FASEB J,2015,29(4):1395-1403.
[17]Tannock GW,Savage DC. Influences of dietary and environmental stress on microbial populations in the murine gastrointestinal tract[J].Infect Immun,1974,9(3):591-598.
[18]Bailey MT,Dowd SE,Galley JD,et al.Exposure to a social stressor alters the structure of the intestinal microbiota:implications for stressorinduced immunomodulation[J]. Brain Behav Immun,2011,25(3):397-407.
[19]Alcock J,Maley CC,Aktipis CA.Is eating behavior manipulated by the gastrointestinal microbiota Evolutionary pressures and potential mechanisms[J].Bioessays,2014,36(10):940-949.
[20]Borre YE,Moloney RD,Clarke G,et al.The impact of microbiota on brain and behavior:mechanisms&therapeutic potential[J]. Adv Exp Med Biol,2014,817:373-403.
[21]Arrieta MC,Stiemsma LT,Dimitriu PA,et al.Early infancy microbial and metabolicalterations affect risk of childhood asthma[J]. Sci Transl Med,2015,7(307):152.
[22]Neufeld KM,Kang N,Bienenstock J,et al.Reduced anxiety-like behavior and central neurochemical change in germ-free mice[J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2011,23(4):255-264.
[23]Clarke G,Grenham S,Scully P,et al.The microbiome-gut-brain axis during early life regulates the hippocampal serotonergic system in a sex-dependent manner[J].Mol Psychiatry,2013,18(6):666-673.
[24]Diaz Heijtz R,Wang S,Anuar F,et al.Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108(7):3047-3052.
[25]Neufeld KA,Kang N,Bienenstock J,et al.Effects of intestinal microbiota on anxiety-like behavior[J].Commun Integr Biol,2011,4(4):492-494.
[26]Clarke G,Grenham S,Scully P,et al.The microbiome-gut-brain axis during early life regulates the hippocampal serotonergic system in a sex-dependent manner[J]. Molecular Psychiatry,2013,18(6):666-673.
[27]Bailey MT,Coe CL.Maternal separation disrupts the integrity of the intestinal microflora in infant rhesus monkeys[J]. Dev Psychobiol,1999,35(2):146-155.
[28]Musiek ES,Holtzman DM. Mechanisms linking circadian clocks,sleep,and neurodegeneration[J]. Science,2016,354(6315):1004-1008.
[29]Benedict C,Vogel H,Jonas W,et al.Gut microbiota and glucometabolic alterations in response to recurrent partial sleep deprivation in normal-weight young individuals[J]. Mol Metab,2016,5(12):1175-1186.