浙江省水稻田杂草群落调查
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摘要
为明确浙江省水稻田主要杂草的危害现状,采用七级目测法对浙江省主要水稻种植区杂草种类及群落特征进行调查,并运用Canoco软件对调查样点内杂草危害值和气候因子数据进行典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)。调查结果表明,田间共发现杂草61种(含变种),分属22科,其中千金子Leptochloa chinensis、丁香蓼Ludwigia prostrata、稗Echinochloa crusgalli为浙江全省单季稻田内分布最广,危害最严重的优势杂草。根据典范对应分析结果,可将44个样点稻田杂草群落分为以下两类,第1类为浙西北地区稗+小旱稗E. crusgalli var. austrojaponensis+千金子+杂草稻Oryza sativa f. spontanea+水苋菜Ammannia baccifera杂草群落,稗、小旱稗、千金子、杂草稻在此群落内的综合危害指数均在8.88%以上,为此区域优势种;第2类为浙东南地区千金子+丁香蓼+通泉草Mazus fauriei+空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides+稗杂草群落,千金子、丁香蓼、通泉草在此群落内综合危害指数均在7.66%以上,为此区域优势种。总体上,浙西北地区稻田受杂草危害较浙东南地区严重。表明浙江省稻田杂草群落与20世纪末相比发生了演替,主要危害杂草种类趋于同质化,且危害值降低,此外杂草稻等新问题日益突出,急需寻求相应的控草措施。
In order to clarify current infestation status of major weeds in rice fields of Zhejiang Province, the weed species and community characteristics were investigated with the seven scales with visualization of weed dominance to rice. The overall weed infestation index(OWII) and environmental factors were analyzed through canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) to reveal weed distribution. The results showed that the weeds belonged to 22 families and 62 species(including varieties). Among them, Leptochloa chinensis, Ludwigia prostrata, and Echinochloa crusgalli were the most harmful and widespread weeds through the province. The weed communities of 44 sample plots could be divided into the following two types. First was the weed community of northwestern Zhejiang area, where E. crusgalli, E. crusgalli var. austrojaponensis, L. chinensis, and Oryza sativa f. spontanea were dominant species. The infestation indices of E. crusgalli, E. crusgalli var. austrojaponensis and L. chinensis all had OWII values higher than 8.88%. Second was the weed community of southeastern Zhejiang area, where L. chinensis, L. prostrata, Alternanthera sessilis, E. crusgalli, and Mazus fauriei were dominant species.The infestation indices of L. chinensis, L. prostrata and M. fauriei all had OWII values higher than 7.66%. On the whole, the OWII values of northwestern area were much higher than those of the southeastern area in Zhejiang Province. The results indicated that the weed communities of different areas had become homogeneous and the weeds induced less damage in succession process since the end of 20 th century. The problems of weedy rice and other new weeds became increasingly prominent, and the corresponding weed control measures were in urgent need.
In order to clarify current infestation status of major weeds in rice fields of Zhejiang Province, the weed species and community characteristics were investigated with the seven scales with visualization of weed dominance to rice. The overall weed infestation index(OWII) and environmental factors were analyzed through canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) to reveal weed distribution. The results showed that the weeds belonged to 22 families and 62 species(including varieties). Among them, Leptochloa chinensis, Ludwigia prostrata, and Echinochloa crusgalli were the most harmful and widespread weeds through the province. The weed communities of 44 sample plots could be divided into the following two types. First was the weed community of northwestern Zhejiang area, where E. crusgalli, E. crusgalli var. austrojaponensis, L. chinensis, and Oryza sativa f. spontanea were dominant species. The infestation indices of E. crusgalli, E. crusgalli var. austrojaponensis and L. chinensis all had OWII values higher than 8.88%. Second was the weed community of southeastern Zhejiang area, where L. chinensis, L. prostrata, Alternanthera sessilis, E. crusgalli, and Mazus fauriei were dominant species.The infestation indices of L. chinensis, L. prostrata and M. fauriei all had OWII values higher than 7.66%. On the whole, the OWII values of northwestern area were much higher than those of the southeastern area in Zhejiang Province. The results indicated that the weed communities of different areas had become homogeneous and the weeds induced less damage in succession process since the end of 20 th century. The problems of weedy rice and other new weeds became increasingly prominent, and the corresponding weed control measures were in urgent need.
引文
Bai C,LüJ,Ning GY,Zhu ZR.2016.Occurrence,prevention and control of weedy rice in Changxing County.Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,57(12):1974-1975(in Chinese)[柏超,吕进,宁国云,祝增荣.2016.长兴县稻田杂草稻的发生,预防与防治.浙江农业科学,57(12):1974-1975]
Chauhan BS,Johnson DE.2011.Row spacing and weed control timing affect yield of aerobic rice.Field Crops Research,121(2):226-231
Chen GQ,Qiang S.2011.Human activities are the principle cause of biotic homogenization.Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(14):4107-4116(in Chinese)[陈国奇,强胜.2011.人类活动是导致生物均质化的主要因素.生态学报,31(14):4107-4116]
Guo SL,Li YH,Wang MX.1992.An investigation on weed community in paddy field in Jing-Qu basin of Zhejiang Province.Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Natural Sciences),15(2):78-82(in Chinese)[郭水良,李杨汉,王明鑫.1992.浙江金衢盆地稻田杂草群落的研究.浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),15(2):78-82]
Heap I.2014.Herbicide resistant weeds.//David P,Rajinder P.Integrated pest management.Dordrecht:Springer,pp.281-301
Li MS,Cai DH,Yuan MY,Sun LP,Li ZH.2000.Structure and succession of weed community in rice fields in Wenzhou,Zhejiang.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,12(6):325-330(in Chinese)[李妙寿,蔡鼎华,元茂瑶,孙乐平,李忠豪.2000.温州农区稻田杂草群落及其演替.浙江农业学报,12(6):325-330]
Li SS,Qiang S,Jiao JS.2009.Effects of labor-saving rice cultivation modes on the diversity of potential weed communities in paddy fields.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,20(10):2437-2445(in Chinese)[李淑顺,强胜,焦骏森.2009.轻型栽培技术对稻田潜杂草群落多样性的影响.应用生态学报,20(10):2437-2445]
Lin WX,Yao WH,Kim KL,Guo YC,Liang YY.1998.Heterotic performance of rice in competitiveness with barnyardgrass:II.interspecific competitiveness of rice cultivars and barnyardgrass in mixtures.Journal of Fujian Agricultural University,27(4):393-396
Liu T,Peng HF,Qin FL,Cui YM,Tu XH,Chen XH.2014.Inhibitory effect of different allelopathic hybrid rice and new strains on barnyardgrass under two planting patterns.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,30(24):171-180(in Chinese)[刘探,彭海峰,覃凤玲,崔玉梅,涂晓欢,陈雄辉.2014.2种种植方式下不同化感杂交稻组合和新品系对稗草的抑制作用.中国农学通报,30(24):171-180]
Pan XB,Chen ZX,Zuo SM,Zhang YF.2007.Occurrence cause and control strategy for weedy rice in Jiangsu Province.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(4):52-54(in Chinese)[潘学彪,陈宗祥,左示敏,张亚芳.2007.江苏省杂草稻成因及防控策略.江苏农业科学,(4):52-54]
Qiang S.2005.Multivariate analysis,description,and ecological interpretation of weed vegetation in the summer crop fields of Anhui Province,China.Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,47(10):1193-1210
Qin YB,Sun J,Din J,Zhang H,Xu CC.2018.Current situation of rice production in Zhejiang Province and countermeasures for the green development.China Rice,24(3):76-78,82(in Chinese)[秦叶波,孙健,丁检,张慧,徐春春.2018.浙江省水稻生产现状及绿色生产发展措施建议.中国稻米,24(3):76-78,82]
Shirtliffe SJ,Entz MH.2005.Chaff collection reduces seed dispersal of wild oat(Avena fatua)by a combine harvester.Weed Science,53(4):465-470
van Calster H,Baeten L,De Schrijver A,de Keersmaeker L,Rogister JE,Verheyen K,Hermy M.2007.Management driven changes(1967-2005)in soil acidity and the understorey plant community following conversion of a coppice-with-standards forest.Forest Ecology and Management,241(1/2/3):258-271
Wang Q,He JH,Li MS,Dai YY,Shi D,Ye GB.2000.Weed species and their damage in rice fields in Zhejiang.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,12(6):317-324(in Chinese)[王强,何锦豪,李妙寿,戴余有,施德,叶贵标.2000.浙江省水稻田杂草发生种类及危害.浙江农业学报,12(6):317-324]
Wang XG,Xu QF,Zhu JW,Liu R,Wang SR,Liu YG,Lu Q,Wang GR.2013.Resistance comparison of Ammannia arenaria to bensulfuron-methyl in different paddy rice growing regions of Zhejiang Province.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,15(1):52-58(in Chinese)[王兴国,许琴芳,朱金文,刘蕊,王赛荣,刘亚光,陆强,王国荣.2013.浙江不同稻区耳叶水苋对苄嘧磺隆的抗性比较.农药学学报,15(1):52-58]
Wang YF,Zhao XL,He BH,Huang Q.2015.Canonical correspondence analysis of summer phytoplankton community and its environmental factors in Hanfeng Lake.Environmental Science,36(3):922-927(in Chinese)[王宇飞,赵秀兰,何丙辉,黄祺.2015.汉丰湖夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析.环境科学,36(3):922-927]
Wang YJ.2015.Review and evaluation of rice direct seeding technology in Zhejiang Province.China Rice,21(2):1-3(in Chinese)[王岳钧.2015.浙江省直播稻技术发展过程回顾与分析评价.中国稻米,21(2):1-3]
Wei CQ.2016.The composition of weed community and its influence on rice yield in Heilongjiang Province.Forest By-product and Specialty in China,(3):29-30(in Chinese)[魏才强.2016.黑龙江省稻田杂草群落组成及其对水稻产量的影响.中国林副特产,(3):29-30]
Wu CA,Dai WM,Song XL,Qiang S.2010.Diversity of plant traits of weedy rice in Liaoning and Jiangsu provinces.Biodiversity Science,18(1):29-36
Wu SG,Zhao XP,Wu CX,Chen LP,Shen JL,Wang Q.2007.Research on resistance of barnyard grass to quinclorac in paddy field in valley area along middle and lower Yangtse River.Journal of Weed Science,27(3):25-26,54(in Chinese)[吴声敢,赵学平,吴长兴,陈丽萍,沈晋良,王强.2007.我国长江中下游稻区稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性研究.杂草学报,27(3):25-26,54]
Xu CG,Li JT,Guo JW.2000.Survey of weeds community construction of late rice field in Zhoushan.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,12(3):173-174(in Chinese)[徐晨光,李军涛,郭金伟.浙江舟山晚稻田杂草群落结构调查研究.2000.浙江农业学报,12(3):173-174]
Xu YZ,Ye LY,Ye NH,Ye WH.2000.Rules and countermeasures of weeds in early rice fields in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province.Journal of Jiangsu Pesticide,(1):32-34(in Chinese)[许姚镇,叶良友,叶能华,叶伟华.2000.浙江宁波地区早稻田杂草出草规律及防除对策.江苏农药,(1):32-34]
Yu LQ,Xu ZH,Guo YQ,Xu HL.1999.Ecological control function of weeds in hybrid rice.Plant Protection Technology and Extension,19(5):25-26(in Chinese)[余柳青,徐正浩,郭怡卿,许胡兰.1999.杂交水稻对杂草的生态控制作用.中国植保导刊,19(5):25-26]
Yu SM.2016.Effects of crop establishment techniques on weeds and rice yield.China Rice,22(5):48-52(in Chinese)[禹盛苗.2016.不同耕作和种植方式对稻田杂草及水稻产量的影响.中国稻米,22(5):48-52]
Zhang HJ,Zhou PG,Zhao DT,Li XB.2017.Investigation on weed infestation and herbicide application in rice in Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces.Pesticide Science and Administration,38(2):11-16(in Chinese)[张宏军,周普国,赵东涛,李贤宾.2017.浙江和广东稻田杂草发生及除草剂应用情况分析.农药科学与管理,38(2):11-16]
Zhu DF,Chen HZ,Zhang XF,Lin XQ,Zhang YP.2007.Evolution of rice cropping system and planting zonation in Zhejiang Province.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,19(6):423-426(in Chinese)[朱德峰,陈惠哲,章秀福,林贤青,张玉屏.2007.浙江水稻种植制的变化与种植区划.浙江农业学报,19(6):423-426]
Zhu DF,Chen HZ,Zhang YP,Lin XQ,Wu W.2006.Status and countermeasures of rice production in Zhejiang Province.Research of Agriculture Modernization,27(6):470-472(in Chinese)[朱德峰,陈惠哲,张玉屏,林贤青,吴伟.2006.浙江水稻生产的现状与对策.农业现代化研究,27(6):470-472]
Chauhan BS,Johnson DE.2011.Row spacing and weed control timing affect yield of aerobic rice.Field Crops Research,121(2):226-231
Chen GQ,Qiang S.2011.Human activities are the principle cause of biotic homogenization.Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(14):4107-4116(in Chinese)[陈国奇,强胜.2011.人类活动是导致生物均质化的主要因素.生态学报,31(14):4107-4116]
Guo SL,Li YH,Wang MX.1992.An investigation on weed community in paddy field in Jing-Qu basin of Zhejiang Province.Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Natural Sciences),15(2):78-82(in Chinese)[郭水良,李杨汉,王明鑫.1992.浙江金衢盆地稻田杂草群落的研究.浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),15(2):78-82]
Heap I.2014.Herbicide resistant weeds.//David P,Rajinder P.Integrated pest management.Dordrecht:Springer,pp.281-301
Li MS,Cai DH,Yuan MY,Sun LP,Li ZH.2000.Structure and succession of weed community in rice fields in Wenzhou,Zhejiang.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,12(6):325-330(in Chinese)[李妙寿,蔡鼎华,元茂瑶,孙乐平,李忠豪.2000.温州农区稻田杂草群落及其演替.浙江农业学报,12(6):325-330]
Li SS,Qiang S,Jiao JS.2009.Effects of labor-saving rice cultivation modes on the diversity of potential weed communities in paddy fields.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,20(10):2437-2445(in Chinese)[李淑顺,强胜,焦骏森.2009.轻型栽培技术对稻田潜杂草群落多样性的影响.应用生态学报,20(10):2437-2445]
Lin WX,Yao WH,Kim KL,Guo YC,Liang YY.1998.Heterotic performance of rice in competitiveness with barnyardgrass:II.interspecific competitiveness of rice cultivars and barnyardgrass in mixtures.Journal of Fujian Agricultural University,27(4):393-396
Liu T,Peng HF,Qin FL,Cui YM,Tu XH,Chen XH.2014.Inhibitory effect of different allelopathic hybrid rice and new strains on barnyardgrass under two planting patterns.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,30(24):171-180(in Chinese)[刘探,彭海峰,覃凤玲,崔玉梅,涂晓欢,陈雄辉.2014.2种种植方式下不同化感杂交稻组合和新品系对稗草的抑制作用.中国农学通报,30(24):171-180]
Pan XB,Chen ZX,Zuo SM,Zhang YF.2007.Occurrence cause and control strategy for weedy rice in Jiangsu Province.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(4):52-54(in Chinese)[潘学彪,陈宗祥,左示敏,张亚芳.2007.江苏省杂草稻成因及防控策略.江苏农业科学,(4):52-54]
Qiang S.2005.Multivariate analysis,description,and ecological interpretation of weed vegetation in the summer crop fields of Anhui Province,China.Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,47(10):1193-1210
Qin YB,Sun J,Din J,Zhang H,Xu CC.2018.Current situation of rice production in Zhejiang Province and countermeasures for the green development.China Rice,24(3):76-78,82(in Chinese)[秦叶波,孙健,丁检,张慧,徐春春.2018.浙江省水稻生产现状及绿色生产发展措施建议.中国稻米,24(3):76-78,82]
Shirtliffe SJ,Entz MH.2005.Chaff collection reduces seed dispersal of wild oat(Avena fatua)by a combine harvester.Weed Science,53(4):465-470
van Calster H,Baeten L,De Schrijver A,de Keersmaeker L,Rogister JE,Verheyen K,Hermy M.2007.Management driven changes(1967-2005)in soil acidity and the understorey plant community following conversion of a coppice-with-standards forest.Forest Ecology and Management,241(1/2/3):258-271
Wang Q,He JH,Li MS,Dai YY,Shi D,Ye GB.2000.Weed species and their damage in rice fields in Zhejiang.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,12(6):317-324(in Chinese)[王强,何锦豪,李妙寿,戴余有,施德,叶贵标.2000.浙江省水稻田杂草发生种类及危害.浙江农业学报,12(6):317-324]
Wang XG,Xu QF,Zhu JW,Liu R,Wang SR,Liu YG,Lu Q,Wang GR.2013.Resistance comparison of Ammannia arenaria to bensulfuron-methyl in different paddy rice growing regions of Zhejiang Province.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,15(1):52-58(in Chinese)[王兴国,许琴芳,朱金文,刘蕊,王赛荣,刘亚光,陆强,王国荣.2013.浙江不同稻区耳叶水苋对苄嘧磺隆的抗性比较.农药学学报,15(1):52-58]
Wang YF,Zhao XL,He BH,Huang Q.2015.Canonical correspondence analysis of summer phytoplankton community and its environmental factors in Hanfeng Lake.Environmental Science,36(3):922-927(in Chinese)[王宇飞,赵秀兰,何丙辉,黄祺.2015.汉丰湖夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析.环境科学,36(3):922-927]
Wang YJ.2015.Review and evaluation of rice direct seeding technology in Zhejiang Province.China Rice,21(2):1-3(in Chinese)[王岳钧.2015.浙江省直播稻技术发展过程回顾与分析评价.中国稻米,21(2):1-3]
Wei CQ.2016.The composition of weed community and its influence on rice yield in Heilongjiang Province.Forest By-product and Specialty in China,(3):29-30(in Chinese)[魏才强.2016.黑龙江省稻田杂草群落组成及其对水稻产量的影响.中国林副特产,(3):29-30]
Wu CA,Dai WM,Song XL,Qiang S.2010.Diversity of plant traits of weedy rice in Liaoning and Jiangsu provinces.Biodiversity Science,18(1):29-36
Wu SG,Zhao XP,Wu CX,Chen LP,Shen JL,Wang Q.2007.Research on resistance of barnyard grass to quinclorac in paddy field in valley area along middle and lower Yangtse River.Journal of Weed Science,27(3):25-26,54(in Chinese)[吴声敢,赵学平,吴长兴,陈丽萍,沈晋良,王强.2007.我国长江中下游稻区稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性研究.杂草学报,27(3):25-26,54]
Xu CG,Li JT,Guo JW.2000.Survey of weeds community construction of late rice field in Zhoushan.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,12(3):173-174(in Chinese)[徐晨光,李军涛,郭金伟.浙江舟山晚稻田杂草群落结构调查研究.2000.浙江农业学报,12(3):173-174]
Xu YZ,Ye LY,Ye NH,Ye WH.2000.Rules and countermeasures of weeds in early rice fields in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province.Journal of Jiangsu Pesticide,(1):32-34(in Chinese)[许姚镇,叶良友,叶能华,叶伟华.2000.浙江宁波地区早稻田杂草出草规律及防除对策.江苏农药,(1):32-34]
Yu LQ,Xu ZH,Guo YQ,Xu HL.1999.Ecological control function of weeds in hybrid rice.Plant Protection Technology and Extension,19(5):25-26(in Chinese)[余柳青,徐正浩,郭怡卿,许胡兰.1999.杂交水稻对杂草的生态控制作用.中国植保导刊,19(5):25-26]
Yu SM.2016.Effects of crop establishment techniques on weeds and rice yield.China Rice,22(5):48-52(in Chinese)[禹盛苗.2016.不同耕作和种植方式对稻田杂草及水稻产量的影响.中国稻米,22(5):48-52]
Zhang HJ,Zhou PG,Zhao DT,Li XB.2017.Investigation on weed infestation and herbicide application in rice in Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces.Pesticide Science and Administration,38(2):11-16(in Chinese)[张宏军,周普国,赵东涛,李贤宾.2017.浙江和广东稻田杂草发生及除草剂应用情况分析.农药科学与管理,38(2):11-16]
Zhu DF,Chen HZ,Zhang XF,Lin XQ,Zhang YP.2007.Evolution of rice cropping system and planting zonation in Zhejiang Province.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,19(6):423-426(in Chinese)[朱德峰,陈惠哲,章秀福,林贤青,张玉屏.2007.浙江水稻种植制的变化与种植区划.浙江农业学报,19(6):423-426]
Zhu DF,Chen HZ,Zhang YP,Lin XQ,Wu W.2006.Status and countermeasures of rice production in Zhejiang Province.Research of Agriculture Modernization,27(6):470-472(in Chinese)[朱德峰,陈惠哲,张玉屏,林贤青,吴伟.2006.浙江水稻生产的现状与对策.农业现代化研究,27(6):470-472]