生物质炭对黄瓜连作土壤中微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响
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摘要
本研究旨在探索添加生物质炭对黄瓜连作土壤中微生物量及酶活性的影响,为减缓土壤连作障碍提供科学依据。本试验设置CK(不施生物质炭)、C_1(5 t·hm~(-2))、C_2(10t·hm~(-2))、C_3(20 t·hm~(-2))、C_4(30 t·hm~(-2))和C_5(40 t·hm~(-2))共6个处理,采集第三季黄瓜成熟期0～20 cm土样,分析了添加生物质炭对土壤微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响。结果表明:土壤微生物量碳氮随生物质炭添加量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势; C_2处理和C_3处理微生物量碳较CK处理分别提高了70.62%和81.09%(P<0.01);与CK处理相比,C_2处理和C_3处理的微生物量氮呈极显著增加(P<0.01);土壤酶活性也呈现出先增加后降低的趋势;与CK处理相比,C_2、C_3和C_4处理的过氧化氢酶活性呈极显著增加(P<0.01),C_4处理脲酶的活性提高了84.08%(P<0.01),而碱性磷酸酶活性在C_3、C_4和C_5三个处理中均呈极显著性增加(P<0.01)。由聚类分析可知,6个处理在欧氏距离为1.01时可以划分为4个类群,分别是CK类、C_1类、C_2C_3类以及C_4C_5类;添加生物质炭可以增加土壤微生物的数量,以减缓连作障碍;当生物质炭添加水平为20 t·hm~(-2)时,微生物量碳氮提高效果最为显著(P<0.01);添加水平为20 t·hm~(-2)时过氧化氢酶活性最高,30 t·hm~(-2)时脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高。
The objectives of this work were to clarify the effects of biochar addition on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in continuous cropping soil and to provide scientific basis for alleviating soil continuous cropping obstacles. There were six rates of biochar application( 0,5,10,20,30,and 40 t·hm~(-2),designated as CK,C_1,C_2,C_3,C_4 and C_5,respectively). Soil samples from 0 to 20 cm layer were collected in the third season of cucumber ripening to measure soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. The results showed that microbial biomass C and N increased at first and then decreased with the increases of biochar addition rate. C2 and C3 treatments significantly increased microbial biomass C by 70.62% and 81.09%( P < 0.01). Meanwhile,significant increases in microbial biomass N were observed in C_2 and C_3 treatments( P <0.01). Soil enzyme activity was increased first and then decreased with increasing biochar application rates. C_2,C_3 and C_4 treatments significantly increased the catalase activity. Meanwhile,C_4 treatment significantly increased the urease activity by 84.08%. The alkaline phosphatase activities in C_3,C_4 and C_5 treatments showed significant increases. Results from the cluster analysis revealed that the six treatments could be classified into four distinct groups( CK,C_1,C_2C_3,and C_4C_5) when the Eudidean distance was 1.01. Furthermore,the highest values of microbial biomass C and N,catalase,and urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were obtained when the application rates of biochar were 20,20,and 30 t·hm~(-2),respectively.
The objectives of this work were to clarify the effects of biochar addition on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in continuous cropping soil and to provide scientific basis for alleviating soil continuous cropping obstacles. There were six rates of biochar application( 0,5,10,20,30,and 40 t·hm~(-2),designated as CK,C_1,C_2,C_3,C_4 and C_5,respectively). Soil samples from 0 to 20 cm layer were collected in the third season of cucumber ripening to measure soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. The results showed that microbial biomass C and N increased at first and then decreased with the increases of biochar addition rate. C2 and C3 treatments significantly increased microbial biomass C by 70.62% and 81.09%( P < 0.01). Meanwhile,significant increases in microbial biomass N were observed in C_2 and C_3 treatments( P <0.01). Soil enzyme activity was increased first and then decreased with increasing biochar application rates. C_2,C_3 and C_4 treatments significantly increased the catalase activity. Meanwhile,C_4 treatment significantly increased the urease activity by 84.08%. The alkaline phosphatase activities in C_3,C_4 and C_5 treatments showed significant increases. Results from the cluster analysis revealed that the six treatments could be classified into four distinct groups( CK,C_1,C_2C_3,and C_4C_5) when the Eudidean distance was 1.01. Furthermore,the highest values of microbial biomass C and N,catalase,and urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were obtained when the application rates of biochar were 20,20,and 30 t·hm~(-2),respectively.
引文
鲍士旦.1999.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社:30-34.
陈心想,耿增超,王森,等.2014.施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征.农业环境科学学报,33(4):751-758.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:中国农业出版社:271-319.
韩召强,陈效民,曲成闯,等.2017.生物质炭施用对潮土理化性状、酶活性及黄瓜产量的影响.水土保持学报,31(6):272-278.
郝永娟,魏军,刘春艳,等.2008.生物土壤添加剂减轻黄瓜连作障碍的微生物效应//中国植物病理学会2008年学术年会论文集:231-234.
黄剑.2012.生物炭对土壤中微生物量及土壤酶的影响研究(硕士学位论文).北京:中国农业科学院.
贾曼莉,郭宏,李会科.2014.渭北生草果园土壤有机碳矿化及其与土壤中酶活性的关系.环境科学,35(7):2777-2784.
孔丝纺,姚兴成,张江勇,等.2015.生物质炭的特性及其应用的研究进展,生态环境学报,24(4):716-723.
李凤霞,王学琴,郭永忠,等.2012.银川平原不同类型盐渍化土壤酶活性及其与土壤养分间相关分析研究.干旱区资源与环境,26(7):121-126.
李玖龄.2016.基于信号分子AHLs检测的微氧废水处理系统脱氮机制研究(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.2015.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响.农业环境科学学报,34(3):509-517.
尚杰,耿增超,王月玲,等.2016.施用生物炭对(土娄)土微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响.中国农业科学,49(6):1142-1151.
宋延静,龚骏,张晓黎.2014.添加生物质炭对滨海盐碱土固氮菌丰度及群落结构的影响.生态学杂志,33(8):2168-2175.
苏洁琼,李新荣,鲍婧婷.2014.施氮对荒漠化草原土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,25(3):664-670.
陶朋闯,陈效民,靳泽文,等.2016.生物质炭与氮肥配施对旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮和碳氮比的影响.水土保持学报,30(1):231-235.
王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,等.2009.不同土地利用和施肥方式对土壤酶活性及相关肥力因子的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,15(6):1311-1316.
吴金水.2006.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用.北京:气象出版社.
张学鹏,曹玉博,宁堂原,等.2016.套作糯玉米对西兰花连作田土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响.生态学杂志,35(1):149-157.
赵玉涛,李雪峰,韩士杰,等.2008.不同氮沉降水平下两种林型的主要土壤中酶活性.应用生态学报,19(12):2769-2773.
中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.1978.土壤物理性质测定法.北京:科学出版社.
周东兴,李磊,李晶,等.2018.玉米/大豆轮作下不同施肥处理对土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响.生态学杂志,37(6):1856-1864.
周丽霞,丁明懋.2007.土壤微生物学特性对土壤健康的指示作用.生物多样性,2(2):162-171.
Bailey VL,Fansler SJ,Smith JL,et al.2011.Reconciling apparent variability in effects of biochar amendment on soil enzyme activities by assay optimization.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,43:296-301.
Brewer CE,Schmidt K,Satrio JA,et al.2008.Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and gasification systems.Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy,28:386-396.
Brodowski S,John B,Flessa H,et al.2006.Aggregate-occluded black carbon in soil.European Journal of Soil Science,57:539-546.
Chen BL,Zhou DD,Zhu LZ,et al.2008.Transitional adsorption and partition of nonpolar and polar aromatic contaminants by biochars of pine needles with different pyrolytic temperatures.Environmental Science Technology,42:5137-5143.
Chen H,Yao J,Wang F,et al.2009.Study on the toxic effects of diphenol compounds on soil microbial activity by a combination of methods.Journal of Hazardous Materials,167:846-851.
Deluca TH,Aplet GH.2008.Charcoal and carbon storage in forest soils of the Rocky Mountain West.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,6:18-24.
Galvez A,Sinicco T,Cayuela ML,et al.2014.Short term effects of bioenergy by-products on soil C and N dynamics,nutrient availability and biochemical properties.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,160:3-14.
Lammirato C,Miltner A,Kaestner M.2011.Effects of wood char and activated carbon on the hydrolysis of cellobiose byβ-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,43:1936-1942.
Lee JW,Kidder M,Evans BR,et al.2010.Characterization of biochars produced from cornstovers for soil amendment.Environmental Science and Technology,44:7970-7974.
Lehmann J,Liang B,Solomon D,et al.2005.Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure(NEXAFS)spectroscopy for mapping nano-scale distribution of organic carbon forms in soil:Application to black carbon particles.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,19:1-12.
Lithourgidis AS,Damalas CA,Gagianas AA.2006.Long-term yield patterns for continuous winter wheat cropping in northern Greece.European Journal of Agronomy,25:208-214.
Novak JM,Busscher WJ,Laird DL,et al.2009.Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil.Soil Science,174:105-112.
Steiner C,Teixeira WG,Lehmann J,et al.2007.Long term effects of manure,charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil.Plant and Soil,291:275-290.
陈心想,耿增超,王森,等.2014.施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征.农业环境科学学报,33(4):751-758.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:中国农业出版社:271-319.
韩召强,陈效民,曲成闯,等.2017.生物质炭施用对潮土理化性状、酶活性及黄瓜产量的影响.水土保持学报,31(6):272-278.
郝永娟,魏军,刘春艳,等.2008.生物土壤添加剂减轻黄瓜连作障碍的微生物效应//中国植物病理学会2008年学术年会论文集:231-234.
黄剑.2012.生物炭对土壤中微生物量及土壤酶的影响研究(硕士学位论文).北京:中国农业科学院.
贾曼莉,郭宏,李会科.2014.渭北生草果园土壤有机碳矿化及其与土壤中酶活性的关系.环境科学,35(7):2777-2784.
孔丝纺,姚兴成,张江勇,等.2015.生物质炭的特性及其应用的研究进展,生态环境学报,24(4):716-723.
李凤霞,王学琴,郭永忠,等.2012.银川平原不同类型盐渍化土壤酶活性及其与土壤养分间相关分析研究.干旱区资源与环境,26(7):121-126.
李玖龄.2016.基于信号分子AHLs检测的微氧废水处理系统脱氮机制研究(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.2015.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响.农业环境科学学报,34(3):509-517.
尚杰,耿增超,王月玲,等.2016.施用生物炭对(土娄)土微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响.中国农业科学,49(6):1142-1151.
宋延静,龚骏,张晓黎.2014.添加生物质炭对滨海盐碱土固氮菌丰度及群落结构的影响.生态学杂志,33(8):2168-2175.
苏洁琼,李新荣,鲍婧婷.2014.施氮对荒漠化草原土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,25(3):664-670.
陶朋闯,陈效民,靳泽文,等.2016.生物质炭与氮肥配施对旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮和碳氮比的影响.水土保持学报,30(1):231-235.
王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,等.2009.不同土地利用和施肥方式对土壤酶活性及相关肥力因子的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,15(6):1311-1316.
吴金水.2006.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用.北京:气象出版社.
张学鹏,曹玉博,宁堂原,等.2016.套作糯玉米对西兰花连作田土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响.生态学杂志,35(1):149-157.
赵玉涛,李雪峰,韩士杰,等.2008.不同氮沉降水平下两种林型的主要土壤中酶活性.应用生态学报,19(12):2769-2773.
中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.1978.土壤物理性质测定法.北京:科学出版社.
周东兴,李磊,李晶,等.2018.玉米/大豆轮作下不同施肥处理对土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响.生态学杂志,37(6):1856-1864.
周丽霞,丁明懋.2007.土壤微生物学特性对土壤健康的指示作用.生物多样性,2(2):162-171.
Bailey VL,Fansler SJ,Smith JL,et al.2011.Reconciling apparent variability in effects of biochar amendment on soil enzyme activities by assay optimization.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,43:296-301.
Brewer CE,Schmidt K,Satrio JA,et al.2008.Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and gasification systems.Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy,28:386-396.
Brodowski S,John B,Flessa H,et al.2006.Aggregate-occluded black carbon in soil.European Journal of Soil Science,57:539-546.
Chen BL,Zhou DD,Zhu LZ,et al.2008.Transitional adsorption and partition of nonpolar and polar aromatic contaminants by biochars of pine needles with different pyrolytic temperatures.Environmental Science Technology,42:5137-5143.
Chen H,Yao J,Wang F,et al.2009.Study on the toxic effects of diphenol compounds on soil microbial activity by a combination of methods.Journal of Hazardous Materials,167:846-851.
Deluca TH,Aplet GH.2008.Charcoal and carbon storage in forest soils of the Rocky Mountain West.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,6:18-24.
Galvez A,Sinicco T,Cayuela ML,et al.2014.Short term effects of bioenergy by-products on soil C and N dynamics,nutrient availability and biochemical properties.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,160:3-14.
Lammirato C,Miltner A,Kaestner M.2011.Effects of wood char and activated carbon on the hydrolysis of cellobiose byβ-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,43:1936-1942.
Lee JW,Kidder M,Evans BR,et al.2010.Characterization of biochars produced from cornstovers for soil amendment.Environmental Science and Technology,44:7970-7974.
Lehmann J,Liang B,Solomon D,et al.2005.Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure(NEXAFS)spectroscopy for mapping nano-scale distribution of organic carbon forms in soil:Application to black carbon particles.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,19:1-12.
Lithourgidis AS,Damalas CA,Gagianas AA.2006.Long-term yield patterns for continuous winter wheat cropping in northern Greece.European Journal of Agronomy,25:208-214.
Novak JM,Busscher WJ,Laird DL,et al.2009.Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil.Soil Science,174:105-112.
Steiner C,Teixeira WG,Lehmann J,et al.2007.Long term effects of manure,charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil.Plant and Soil,291:275-290.