图计算在电网CPS中的应用场景研究
|
摘要
信息技术的广泛应用使得电力系统一次侧和二次侧形成了典型的信息-物理耦合系统(cyber-physicalsystem,CPS)。电网CPS的出现促进了新的建模方法、安全评估方法以及问题场景的出现。同时,由电网CPS导致的问题规模扩大、关联复杂性提升也对计算技术和分析方法形成了新的挑战。图计算作为计算机领域出现的一种新的并行计算框架,在处理海量图结构数据和复杂关联性问题时具有很大的优势。该文在详细阐述图计算特性的基础上,对图计算在电网CPS建模及耦合计算、网络结构脆弱性研究等场景的应用进行了分析,并提出了基于电网业务的图数据建模方法和电网CPS业务风险评估的图计算算法。最后利用实际的图计算系统进行了算例分析和应用展示。为电网CPS中相关场景的研究和实际应用提供了一种可行的图数据存储、分析和可视化技术方案。
With wide application of information technology, the grid infrastructure and communication equipment in power system constitute a typical cyber-physical system(CPS). Emergence of power grid CPS promotes emergence of new modeling methods, safety assessment methods and problem scenarios. At the same time, expansion of problem scale and promotion of related complexity caused by power grid CPS also pose new challenges to computing technology and analytical methods. Graph processing is a new parallel computing framework proposed in the field of computer science. It has a great advantage in dealing with massive data with graph structure and complicated relationship problems. In this paper, the characteristics of graph processing are described in detail. And the applications of graph processing in power grid CPS modeling, coupling calculation and network structure vulnerability research are analyzed. The application advantages and methods of each scenario are described. Then a graph data modeling method based on communication business and a graph processing algorithm of CPS business risk assessment are proposed. Finally, an example is given with the graph processing system, providing a feasible technical scheme for the research and practical application of relevant scenes in power grid CPS.
With wide application of information technology, the grid infrastructure and communication equipment in power system constitute a typical cyber-physical system(CPS). Emergence of power grid CPS promotes emergence of new modeling methods, safety assessment methods and problem scenarios. At the same time, expansion of problem scale and promotion of related complexity caused by power grid CPS also pose new challenges to computing technology and analytical methods. Graph processing is a new parallel computing framework proposed in the field of computer science. It has a great advantage in dealing with massive data with graph structure and complicated relationship problems. In this paper, the characteristics of graph processing are described in detail. And the applications of graph processing in power grid CPS modeling, coupling calculation and network structure vulnerability research are analyzed. The application advantages and methods of each scenario are described. Then a graph data modeling method based on communication business and a graph processing algorithm of CPS business risk assessment are proposed. Finally, an example is given with the graph processing system, providing a feasible technical scheme for the research and practical application of relevant scenes in power grid CPS.
引文
[1]赵俊华,文福拴,薛禹胜,等.电力CPS的架构及其实现技术与挑战[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(16):1-7.Zhao Junhua,Wen Fushuan,Xue Yusheng,et al.Cyber physical power systems:architecture,implementation techniques and challenges[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(16):1-7(in Chinese).
[2]Buldyrev S V,Parshani R,Paul G,et al.Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks[J].Nature,2009,464(7291):1025-8.
[3]刘永奇,谢开.从调度角度分析8.14美加大停电[J].电网技术,2004,28(8):10-15.Liu Yongqi,Xie Kai.Analysis on blackout of interconnected North America power grid occurred on Aug.14,2003 from the viewpoint of power system dispatching[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(8):10-15(in Chinese).
[4]赵希正.强化电网安全保障可靠供电:美加“8·14”停电事件给我们的启示[J].电网技术,2003,27(10):1-7.Zhao Xizheng.Strengthen power system security to ensure reliable power delivery[J].Power System Technology,2003,27(10):1-7(in Chinese).
[5]郭庆来,辛蜀骏,王剑辉,等.由乌克兰停电事件看信息能源系统综合安全评估[J].电力系统自动化,2016,30(5):145-147.Guo Qinglai,Xin Shujun,Wang Jianhui,et al.Comprehensive security assessment for a cyber physical energy system:a lesson from Ukraine’s blackout[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,30(5):145-147(in Chinese).
[6]曹军威,万宇鑫,涂国煜,等.智能电网信息系统体系结构研究[J].计算机学报,2013,36(1):143-167.Cao Junwei,Wan Yuxin,Tu Guoyu,et al.Information system architecture for smart grids[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2013,36(1):143-167(in Chinese).
[7]Hopkinson K,Wang X,Giovanini R,et al.EPOCHS:a platform for agent-based electric power and communication simulation built from commercial off-the-shelf components[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(2):548-558.
[8]盛成玉,高海翔,陈颖,等.信息物理电力系统耦合网络仿真综述及展望[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):100-105.Sheng Chengyu,Gao Haixiang,Chen Ying,et al.Summary and prospect of cyber physical power system simulation[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):100-105(in Chinese).
[9]Zhu K,Chenine M,Nordstrom L.ICT architecture impact on wide area monitoring and control systems'reliability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(26):2801-2808.
[10]高昆仑,王宇飞,赵婷.电网信息物理系统运行中信息-物理交互机理探索[J].电网技术,2018,42(10):3101-3107.Gao Kunlun,Wang Yufei,Zhao Ting.Exploration of cyber-physical interaction mechanism in power grid cyber-physical systems operation[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(10):3101-3107(in Chinese).
[11]Xin S,Guo Q,Sun H,et al.Cyber-physical modeling and cyber-contingency assessment of hierarchical control systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(5):1-1.
[12]郭庆来,辛蜀骏,孙宏斌,等.电力系统信息物理融合建模与综合安全评估:驱动力与研究构想[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(6):1481-1489.Guo Qinglai,Xin Shujun,Sun Hongbin,et al.Power system cyber-physical modelling and security assessment:motivation and ideas[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(6):1481-1489(in Chinese).
[13]Srivastava A,Morris T,Ernster T,et al.Modeling cyber-physical vulnerability of the smart grid with incomplete information[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(4):235-244.
[14]Hug G,Giampapa J A.Vulnerability assessment of AC state estimation with respect to false data injection cyber-attacks[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(3):1362-1370.
[15]冀星沛,王波,董朝阳,等.电力信息-物理相互依存网络脆弱性评估及加边保护策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(6):1867-1873.Ji Xingpei,Wang Bo,Dong Chaoyang,et al.Vulnerability evaluation and link addition protection strategy research of electrical cyber-physical interdependent networks[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(6):1867-1873(in Chinese).
[16]Zhang Y,Wang L,Sun W.Trust system design optimization in smart grid network infrastructure[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(4):184-195.
[17]张俊林.大数据日知录[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2014:121-125.
[18]张伯明,陈寿孙.高等电力网络分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:187-192.
[19]Liu G,Liu K,Shi D,et al.Graph computation and its applications in smart grid[C]//IEEE International Congress on Big Data.Honolulu:IEEE Computer Society,2017:507-510.
[20]Kyrola A,Blelloch G,Guestrin C.GraphChi:large-scale graph computation on just a PC[C]//Usenix Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation.Hollywood:ACM,2012:31-46.
[21]Malewicz G,Austern M H,Bik A J C,et al.Pregel:a system for large-scale graph processing[C]//ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data.Indianapolis:ACM,2010:135-146.
[22]Low Y,Gonzalez J E,Kyrola A,et al.GraphLab:a new framework for parallel machine learning[J].Computer Science,2014,3(12):124-134.
[23]Sundaram N,Satish N,Patwary M M A,et al.GraphMat:high performance graph analytics made productive[J].Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment,2015,8(11):1214-1225.
[24]Valiant L G.Bulk-synchrony:a bridging model for parallel computation[J].Communications of the ACM,1990,33(8):103-111.
[25]Xin R S,Gonzalez J E,Franklin M J,et al.GraphX:a resilient distributed graph system on Spark[C]//International Workshop on Graph Data Management Experiences and Systems.New York:ACM,2013:1-6.
[26]Han M,Daudjee K.Giraph unchained:barrierless asynchronous parallel execution in pregel-like graph processing systems[J].Proceedings of the Vldb Endowment,2015,8(9):950-961.
[27]Gonzalez J E,Low Y,Gu H,et al.PowerGraph:distributed graph-parallel computation on natural graphs[C]//Usenix Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation.Hollywood:ACM,2012:17-30.
[28]Buldyrev S V,Parshani R,Paul G,et al.Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks[J].Nature,2010,464(7291):1025-1027.
[29]冀星沛,王波,刘涤尘,等.相依网络理论及其在电力信息-物理系统结构脆弱性分析中的应用综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(17):4521-4532.Ji Xingpei,Wang Bo,Liu Dichen,et al.Review on interdependent networks theory and its applications in the structural vulnerability analysis of electrical cyber-physical system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(17):4521-4532(in Chinese).
[30]汤奕,李峰,王琦,等.通信系统故障对电力系统实时负荷控制影响的量化评价方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(2):90-96.Tang Yi,Li Feng,Wang Qi,et al.Quantitative evaluation of communication system fault effect on real-time load control of power system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(2):90-96(in Chinese).
[31]金鑫.电力通信传输网业务可靠性分析方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2011:10-11.
[32]Hayashi M,Abe T.Evaluating reliability of telecommunications networks using traffic path information[J].IEEE Transactions on Reliability,2008,57(2):283-294.
[2]Buldyrev S V,Parshani R,Paul G,et al.Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks[J].Nature,2009,464(7291):1025-8.
[3]刘永奇,谢开.从调度角度分析8.14美加大停电[J].电网技术,2004,28(8):10-15.Liu Yongqi,Xie Kai.Analysis on blackout of interconnected North America power grid occurred on Aug.14,2003 from the viewpoint of power system dispatching[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(8):10-15(in Chinese).
[4]赵希正.强化电网安全保障可靠供电:美加“8·14”停电事件给我们的启示[J].电网技术,2003,27(10):1-7.Zhao Xizheng.Strengthen power system security to ensure reliable power delivery[J].Power System Technology,2003,27(10):1-7(in Chinese).
[5]郭庆来,辛蜀骏,王剑辉,等.由乌克兰停电事件看信息能源系统综合安全评估[J].电力系统自动化,2016,30(5):145-147.Guo Qinglai,Xin Shujun,Wang Jianhui,et al.Comprehensive security assessment for a cyber physical energy system:a lesson from Ukraine’s blackout[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,30(5):145-147(in Chinese).
[6]曹军威,万宇鑫,涂国煜,等.智能电网信息系统体系结构研究[J].计算机学报,2013,36(1):143-167.Cao Junwei,Wan Yuxin,Tu Guoyu,et al.Information system architecture for smart grids[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2013,36(1):143-167(in Chinese).
[7]Hopkinson K,Wang X,Giovanini R,et al.EPOCHS:a platform for agent-based electric power and communication simulation built from commercial off-the-shelf components[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(2):548-558.
[8]盛成玉,高海翔,陈颖,等.信息物理电力系统耦合网络仿真综述及展望[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):100-105.Sheng Chengyu,Gao Haixiang,Chen Ying,et al.Summary and prospect of cyber physical power system simulation[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):100-105(in Chinese).
[9]Zhu K,Chenine M,Nordstrom L.ICT architecture impact on wide area monitoring and control systems'reliability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(26):2801-2808.
[10]高昆仑,王宇飞,赵婷.电网信息物理系统运行中信息-物理交互机理探索[J].电网技术,2018,42(10):3101-3107.Gao Kunlun,Wang Yufei,Zhao Ting.Exploration of cyber-physical interaction mechanism in power grid cyber-physical systems operation[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(10):3101-3107(in Chinese).
[11]Xin S,Guo Q,Sun H,et al.Cyber-physical modeling and cyber-contingency assessment of hierarchical control systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(5):1-1.
[12]郭庆来,辛蜀骏,孙宏斌,等.电力系统信息物理融合建模与综合安全评估:驱动力与研究构想[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(6):1481-1489.Guo Qinglai,Xin Shujun,Sun Hongbin,et al.Power system cyber-physical modelling and security assessment:motivation and ideas[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(6):1481-1489(in Chinese).
[13]Srivastava A,Morris T,Ernster T,et al.Modeling cyber-physical vulnerability of the smart grid with incomplete information[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(4):235-244.
[14]Hug G,Giampapa J A.Vulnerability assessment of AC state estimation with respect to false data injection cyber-attacks[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(3):1362-1370.
[15]冀星沛,王波,董朝阳,等.电力信息-物理相互依存网络脆弱性评估及加边保护策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(6):1867-1873.Ji Xingpei,Wang Bo,Dong Chaoyang,et al.Vulnerability evaluation and link addition protection strategy research of electrical cyber-physical interdependent networks[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(6):1867-1873(in Chinese).
[16]Zhang Y,Wang L,Sun W.Trust system design optimization in smart grid network infrastructure[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(4):184-195.
[17]张俊林.大数据日知录[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2014:121-125.
[18]张伯明,陈寿孙.高等电力网络分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:187-192.
[19]Liu G,Liu K,Shi D,et al.Graph computation and its applications in smart grid[C]//IEEE International Congress on Big Data.Honolulu:IEEE Computer Society,2017:507-510.
[20]Kyrola A,Blelloch G,Guestrin C.GraphChi:large-scale graph computation on just a PC[C]//Usenix Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation.Hollywood:ACM,2012:31-46.
[21]Malewicz G,Austern M H,Bik A J C,et al.Pregel:a system for large-scale graph processing[C]//ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data.Indianapolis:ACM,2010:135-146.
[22]Low Y,Gonzalez J E,Kyrola A,et al.GraphLab:a new framework for parallel machine learning[J].Computer Science,2014,3(12):124-134.
[23]Sundaram N,Satish N,Patwary M M A,et al.GraphMat:high performance graph analytics made productive[J].Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment,2015,8(11):1214-1225.
[24]Valiant L G.Bulk-synchrony:a bridging model for parallel computation[J].Communications of the ACM,1990,33(8):103-111.
[25]Xin R S,Gonzalez J E,Franklin M J,et al.GraphX:a resilient distributed graph system on Spark[C]//International Workshop on Graph Data Management Experiences and Systems.New York:ACM,2013:1-6.
[26]Han M,Daudjee K.Giraph unchained:barrierless asynchronous parallel execution in pregel-like graph processing systems[J].Proceedings of the Vldb Endowment,2015,8(9):950-961.
[27]Gonzalez J E,Low Y,Gu H,et al.PowerGraph:distributed graph-parallel computation on natural graphs[C]//Usenix Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation.Hollywood:ACM,2012:17-30.
[28]Buldyrev S V,Parshani R,Paul G,et al.Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks[J].Nature,2010,464(7291):1025-1027.
[29]冀星沛,王波,刘涤尘,等.相依网络理论及其在电力信息-物理系统结构脆弱性分析中的应用综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(17):4521-4532.Ji Xingpei,Wang Bo,Liu Dichen,et al.Review on interdependent networks theory and its applications in the structural vulnerability analysis of electrical cyber-physical system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(17):4521-4532(in Chinese).
[30]汤奕,李峰,王琦,等.通信系统故障对电力系统实时负荷控制影响的量化评价方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(2):90-96.Tang Yi,Li Feng,Wang Qi,et al.Quantitative evaluation of communication system fault effect on real-time load control of power system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(2):90-96(in Chinese).
[31]金鑫.电力通信传输网业务可靠性分析方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2011:10-11.
[32]Hayashi M,Abe T.Evaluating reliability of telecommunications networks using traffic path information[J].IEEE Transactions on Reliability,2008,57(2):283-294.