辽河口红海滩天津厚蟹种群时空分布特征研究
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摘要
红海滩是辽河口重要的旅游资源,由翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)群落集群生长而成,然近年明显退化。初步调查发现天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)摄食可显著影响翅碱蓬萌发和生长,故探究天津厚蟹的分布特征对阐明红海滩退化具有重要意义。本研究通过陷阱捕获法,对辽河口红海滩的天津厚蟹时空分布特征进行了调查。研究结果表明:天津厚蟹密度具有差异显著的月动态变化特征,表现为7月> 8月> 6月> 9月> 10月> 5月> 11月;随着从近岸潮沟向入海口靠近,天津厚蟹分布密度具有逐渐降低的趋势;受食物来源与天敌庇护场所影响,天津厚蟹在不同植被生境中的分布密度为:翅碱蓬-芦苇生态交错区>芦苇群落>翅碱蓬群落>光滩-翅碱蓬生态交错区>光滩。本研究为辽河口红海滩湿地资源的保护与管理提供了数据支持。
Red Beach,one important tourist resource in the coastal area of Panjin,Liaoning province,is composed by Suaeda heteroptera community. However,the red beach has degradated severely in recent years. Our preliminary results have found that the crab consumption( mainly by Helice tientsinensis) of Suaeda heteroptera is a great driving force in limiting the germination and growth of Suaeda heteroptera. So it is important to find out the distribution characteristics of Helice tientsinensis in coastal areas of Liaohe estuary for the conservation and restoration of Red Beach. In our present research,we studied the temporal and spatial distribution of Helice tientsinensis in Red Beach by pitfall trap method. The results demonstrate that the density of Helice tientsinensis is significantly monthly dynamic,which shows Jul. >Aug. > Jun. > Sept. > Oct. > May. > Nov. Moreover,the density of Helice tientsinensis decreases significantly when it is close to the estuary. We also found that the density of Helice tientsinensis is confined by different habitats. The density in habitats is: Suaeda-Phragmites ecotone > Phragmites community > Suaeda community > Suaeda-mudflat ecotone> mudflat. In this paper,the temporal and spatial distribution of Helice tientsinensis was investigated and analyzed to provide supports for Red Beach conservation and management.
Red Beach,one important tourist resource in the coastal area of Panjin,Liaoning province,is composed by Suaeda heteroptera community. However,the red beach has degradated severely in recent years. Our preliminary results have found that the crab consumption( mainly by Helice tientsinensis) of Suaeda heteroptera is a great driving force in limiting the germination and growth of Suaeda heteroptera. So it is important to find out the distribution characteristics of Helice tientsinensis in coastal areas of Liaohe estuary for the conservation and restoration of Red Beach. In our present research,we studied the temporal and spatial distribution of Helice tientsinensis in Red Beach by pitfall trap method. The results demonstrate that the density of Helice tientsinensis is significantly monthly dynamic,which shows Jul. >Aug. > Jun. > Sept. > Oct. > May. > Nov. Moreover,the density of Helice tientsinensis decreases significantly when it is close to the estuary. We also found that the density of Helice tientsinensis is confined by different habitats. The density in habitats is: Suaeda-Phragmites ecotone > Phragmites community > Suaeda community > Suaeda-mudflat ecotone> mudflat. In this paper,the temporal and spatial distribution of Helice tientsinensis was investigated and analyzed to provide supports for Red Beach conservation and management.
引文
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[24]毛婕昕,闫启仑,王立俊.典型河口底栖动物种类数、生物量及种群密度变化趋势的研究[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(1):37-40.
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[27]张皓.辽河口浮游动物多样性的时空分布特征及成因[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2016.
[28]蔡文倩,周娟,林岿璇,等.基于底栖生物指数的辽东湾生态质量状况评价[J].海洋科学,2016,40(10):105-112.
[29]LI Z J,WANG W Q,ZHANG Y H. Recruitmen and herbivoryaffect spread of invasive Spartina alterniflora in China[J]. Ecol-ogy,2014,95(7):1972-1980.
[30]徐敬明.天津厚蟹对盐度和温度的耐受性[J].海洋学报,2014,36(2):93-98.
[31]WEBSTER P J,ROWDEN A A,ATTRILL M J. Effect of shootdensity on the infaunal macro-invertebrate community within aZostera marina seagrass bed[J]. Estuarine Coastal and ShelfScience,1998,47(3):351-357.
[32]WOODIN S A. Refuges,disturbance,and community structure:amarine soft-bottom example[J]. Ecology,1978,59(2):274-284.
[2]HE Q,CUI B S,CAI Y Z,et al. What confines an annual plant totwo separate zones along coastal topographic gradients[J]. Hydro-biologia,2009,630(1):327-340.
[3] ATTRILL M J,RUNDLE S D. Ecotone or ecocline:ecologicalboundaries in estuaries[J]. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2002,55(6):929-936.
[4] TIAN Y L,LUO L,MAO D H,et al. Using Landsat images toquantify different human threats to the Shuangtai Estuary Ramsarsite,China[J]. Ocean&Coastal Management,2017,135:56-64.
[5]李志文,邵会文,陈越,等.辽河口地区红海滩的形成、演化及开发保护对策[J].国土资源,2011(8):52-53.
[6]HITCHCOCK C L,GRATTO-TREVOR C L. Diagnosing a shore-bird local population decline with a stage-structured populationmodel[J]. Ecology,1997,78(2):522-534.
[7]江红星,侯韵秋,李玉祥,等.辽宁双台河口黑嘴鸥的迁徙模式与种群生存率[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):4180-4186.
[8]吴翔宇,李丽花.改革开放以来盘锦红海滩的生态变迁[J].现代营销,2012(6):195-195.
[9]JIA M M,WANG Z M,LIU D W,et al. Monitoring loss and recov-ery of salt marshes in the Liao River Delta,China[J]. Journal ofCoastal Research,2015,31(2):371-77.
[10]杜永芬,高抒,于子山,等.福建罗源湾潮间带大型底栖动物的次级生产力[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(7):1904-1912.
[11]杨泽华,童春富,陆健健.盐沼植物对大型底栖动物群落的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4387-4393.
[12]袁兴中.河口潮滩湿地底栖动物群落的生态学研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2001.
[13] HE Q,ALTIERI A H,CUI B S. Herbivory driveszonation ofstress-tolerant marsh plants[J]. Ecology,2015,96(5):1318-1328.
[14]SILLIMAN B R,VAN DE KOPPEL J,BERTNESS M D,et al.Drought,snails,and large-scale die-off of southern U. S. saltmarshes[J]. Science,2005,310(5755):1803-1806.
[15]DENNO R F,GRATTON C,PETERSON M A,et al. Bottom-upforces mediate natural-enemy impact in a phytophagous insectcommunity[J]. Ecology,2002,83(5):1443-1458.
[16]FINKE D L,DENNO R F. Predator diversity dampens trophiccascades[J]. Nature,2004,429(6990):407-410.
[17]NG P K L,GUINOT D,DAVIE P J F. Systema brachyurorum:part I. an annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of theworld[J]. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology,2008,17:1-286.
[18]戴爱云,杨思谅,宋玉枝,等.中国海洋蟹类[M].北京:海洋出版社,1986.
[19]孙兴海.黄河三角洲丹顶鹤迁徙期食物组成及对滩涂蟹类取食的季节性差异研究[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2016.
[20]袁兴中,陆健健,刘红.河口盐沼植物对大型底栖动物群落的影响[J].生态学报,2002,22(3):326-333.
[21]马骏,付荣恕.大型底栖动物生态学研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2010(2):78-81.
[22]孙刚,房岩.底栖动物的生物扰动效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[23]董贯仓,李秀启,高云芳,等.黄河三角洲湿地水域底栖动物群落结构及其时空差异[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(2):229-232.
[24]毛婕昕,闫启仑,王立俊.典型河口底栖动物种类数、生物量及种群密度变化趋势的研究[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(1):37-40.
[25]叶属峰,纪焕红,曹恋,等.河口大型工程对长江河口底栖动物种类组成及生物量的影响研究[J].海洋通报,2004,23(4):32-37.
[26]袁兴中,陆健健,刘红.长江口底栖动物功能群分布格局及其变化[J].生态学报,2002,22(12):2054-2062.
[27]张皓.辽河口浮游动物多样性的时空分布特征及成因[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2016.
[28]蔡文倩,周娟,林岿璇,等.基于底栖生物指数的辽东湾生态质量状况评价[J].海洋科学,2016,40(10):105-112.
[29]LI Z J,WANG W Q,ZHANG Y H. Recruitmen and herbivoryaffect spread of invasive Spartina alterniflora in China[J]. Ecol-ogy,2014,95(7):1972-1980.
[30]徐敬明.天津厚蟹对盐度和温度的耐受性[J].海洋学报,2014,36(2):93-98.
[31]WEBSTER P J,ROWDEN A A,ATTRILL M J. Effect of shootdensity on the infaunal macro-invertebrate community within aZostera marina seagrass bed[J]. Estuarine Coastal and ShelfScience,1998,47(3):351-357.
[32]WOODIN S A. Refuges,disturbance,and community structure:amarine soft-bottom example[J]. Ecology,1978,59(2):274-284.