杂种小麦光合特性杂种优势的日变化研究
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摘要
为阐明杂种小麦光合特性杂种优势的日变化规律以及和环境因子的相互关系,本研究以普通小麦杂交种‘陕垦6号’及其亲本为材料,采用Li-6400光合作用测定仪分别测定了开花期、灌浆前期、灌浆中期、灌浆后期的光合参数,然后对各参数的杂种优势进行了计算与分析。研究表明净光合速率和气孔导度的杂种优势在开花期最弱,灌浆中期最强。在灌浆前期,净光合速率在上午为正向杂种优势,下午为负向杂种优势。气孔导度则上午为负向杂种优势,下午为正向杂种优势;蒸腾速率的杂种优势在灌浆前期最弱,灌浆中期最强。水分利用效率的杂种优势在开花期最弱,在灌浆前期表现最强,到了灌浆后期又开始下降。灰色关联度分析表明小麦光合杂种优势的主要环境影响因素是大气CO2浓度。所以宜在灌浆中期进行高光效品种的选育,可以有效的发挥小麦的光合杂种优势,同时在不同时期合理利用水分利用效率进行田间管理。
To elucidate the daily change rule of photosynthetic characteristics heterosis of hybrid wheat andtheir correlations with environmental factors, common wheat hybrid‘Shaanken No.6'and its parents weretaken as materials in this study and the photosynthetic parameters were measured respectively at the floweringstage, early grain filling stage, middle grain filling stage and post grain filling stage by using Li-6400 photosynthetic system, and then the heterosis of each parameter was calculated and analyzed. The studyshowed that heterosis of net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were the weakest at flowering stage,but they were the strongest at middle grain filling stage. At the early grain filling stage, the net photosyntheticrate was positive heterosis in the morning and negative heterosis in the afternoon. The stomatal conductancewas negative heterosis in the morning and positive heterosis in the afternoon. Heterosis of transpiration rate wasthe weakest in the early grain filling stage and the strongest in the middle grain filling stage. Heterosis of wateruse efficiency was the weakest in flowering stage and the strongest at the early grain filling stage, and then itstarted to decline from the post grain filling stage. Grey correlation analysis indicated that air CO2 concentration was the key environment factor that influenced the photosynthetic heterosis of wheat. So highphotosynthetic efficiency breeding should be conducted in the middle grain filling stage in order to develop thephotosynthetic heterosis of wheat efficiently. Meanwhile, water use efficiency should be handled rationally at different development stages in field management.
To elucidate the daily change rule of photosynthetic characteristics heterosis of hybrid wheat andtheir correlations with environmental factors, common wheat hybrid‘Shaanken No.6'and its parents weretaken as materials in this study and the photosynthetic parameters were measured respectively at the floweringstage, early grain filling stage, middle grain filling stage and post grain filling stage by using Li-6400 photosynthetic system, and then the heterosis of each parameter was calculated and analyzed. The studyshowed that heterosis of net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were the weakest at flowering stage,but they were the strongest at middle grain filling stage. At the early grain filling stage, the net photosyntheticrate was positive heterosis in the morning and negative heterosis in the afternoon. The stomatal conductancewas negative heterosis in the morning and positive heterosis in the afternoon. Heterosis of transpiration rate wasthe weakest in the early grain filling stage and the strongest in the middle grain filling stage. Heterosis of wateruse efficiency was the weakest in flowering stage and the strongest at the early grain filling stage, and then itstarted to decline from the post grain filling stage. Grey correlation analysis indicated that air CO2 concentration was the key environment factor that influenced the photosynthetic heterosis of wheat. So highphotosynthetic efficiency breeding should be conducted in the middle grain filling stage in order to develop thephotosynthetic heterosis of wheat efficiently. Meanwhile, water use efficiency should be handled rationally at different development stages in field management.
引文
[1]李成军,王冰林,何启伟,等.日光温室厚皮甜瓜叶片发育进程中生理生化指标的变化[J].中国蔬菜,2007(6):17-20.
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[7]陈晓文,马守才,王志军,等.15个化杀杂交小麦亲本配合力和杂种优势群的初步研究[J].麦类作物学报,2011,04:630-636.
[8]陈林,吴迪,白文明,等.F型小麦雄性不育系测恢研究及杂种优势分析[J].麦类作物学报,2016,04:420-425.
[9]姚金保,杨丹,周淼平,等.小麦产量构成因素的基因效应和杂种优势分析[J].江苏农业学报,2015,03:477-483.
[10]姬玉梅,刘香坤.BNS杂交小麦品质性状的杂种优势研究[J].农业科技通讯,2014,07:105-107.
[11]王秀莉,胡兆荣,彭惠茹,等.普通小麦光合碳同化与产量性状杂种优势的关系[J].作物学报,2010,06:1003-1010.
[12]肖凯,谷俊涛,张荣铣,等.杂种小麦光合特性的初步研究[J].作物学报,1997,04:425-431.
[13]孙旭生,林琪,刘义国,等.不同施氮量对超高产小麦灌浆期光合日变化的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,01:158-162.
[14]魏爱丽,高贵喜,詹海仙,等.八倍体小偃麦和普通小麦旗叶及叶鞘光合日变化比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2010,01:104-110.
[15]薛远赛,朱玉鹏,林琪,等.沟播对盐碱地小麦光合日变化及产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,11:2554-2559.
[16]廖琴,赵虹,马志强,等.NT/T1301-2007农作物品种(小麦)区域实验技术规程[S].中华人民共和国农业部发布,2007.
[17]赵小光,张耀文,田建华,等.甘蓝型油菜不同发育时期光合日变化和环境因子之间的关系[J].西南农业学报,2013,04:1392-1397.
[18]李霞,丁在松,李连禄,等.玉米光合性能的杂种优势[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(5):1049-1054.
[19]戴美松,姜卫兵,庄猛.大棚栽培条件下葡萄叶片净光合速率与其他生理、生态参数的灰色关联分析[J].果树学报,2005,22(5):474-478.
[20]满为群,杜维广,张桂茹,等.高光效大豆品种光合作用的日变化[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(7):860-862.
[21]王建林,齐华,房全孝,等.水稻、大豆、玉米光合速率的日变化及其对光强响应的滞后效应[J].华北农学报,2007,22(2):119-124.
[22]牛立元,茹振钢,刘明久.小麦光合作用日变化及光合潜势评价方法研究[J].麦类作物学报,2002,02:51-54.
[23]李宏伟,李斌,郑琪,等.小麦高光效育种研究进展[A].2014全国光合作用研讨会论文集[C].山东泰安:中国植物学会,2014:26.
[2]张斌斌,姜卫兵,韩健,等.作物光合特性在杂种优势评价中的应用研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(8):44-48.
[3]Hirao K,Kubota F,Agata W.Evaluation of the heterosis on leaf photosynthesis of remote-cross F1 rice(Oryza saliva L.)[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,1995,175(4):265-270.
[4]Pham C V,Murayama S,Kawamitsu Y,et al.Heterosis for photosynthetic and morphological characters in F1 hybrid rice from a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line at different growth stages[J].Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2004,48(3):137-148.
[5]董德坤,师恺,曹家树.芸薹属两个亚种间杂种光合作用优势及其机理[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(12):2804-2810.
[6]史秀秀,毕晓静,马守才,等.黄淮麦区杂交小麦亲本的杂种优势和配合力分析[J].麦类作物学报,2013,06:1111-1118.
[7]陈晓文,马守才,王志军,等.15个化杀杂交小麦亲本配合力和杂种优势群的初步研究[J].麦类作物学报,2011,04:630-636.
[8]陈林,吴迪,白文明,等.F型小麦雄性不育系测恢研究及杂种优势分析[J].麦类作物学报,2016,04:420-425.
[9]姚金保,杨丹,周淼平,等.小麦产量构成因素的基因效应和杂种优势分析[J].江苏农业学报,2015,03:477-483.
[10]姬玉梅,刘香坤.BNS杂交小麦品质性状的杂种优势研究[J].农业科技通讯,2014,07:105-107.
[11]王秀莉,胡兆荣,彭惠茹,等.普通小麦光合碳同化与产量性状杂种优势的关系[J].作物学报,2010,06:1003-1010.
[12]肖凯,谷俊涛,张荣铣,等.杂种小麦光合特性的初步研究[J].作物学报,1997,04:425-431.
[13]孙旭生,林琪,刘义国,等.不同施氮量对超高产小麦灌浆期光合日变化的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,01:158-162.
[14]魏爱丽,高贵喜,詹海仙,等.八倍体小偃麦和普通小麦旗叶及叶鞘光合日变化比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2010,01:104-110.
[15]薛远赛,朱玉鹏,林琪,等.沟播对盐碱地小麦光合日变化及产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,11:2554-2559.
[16]廖琴,赵虹,马志强,等.NT/T1301-2007农作物品种(小麦)区域实验技术规程[S].中华人民共和国农业部发布,2007.
[17]赵小光,张耀文,田建华,等.甘蓝型油菜不同发育时期光合日变化和环境因子之间的关系[J].西南农业学报,2013,04:1392-1397.
[18]李霞,丁在松,李连禄,等.玉米光合性能的杂种优势[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(5):1049-1054.
[19]戴美松,姜卫兵,庄猛.大棚栽培条件下葡萄叶片净光合速率与其他生理、生态参数的灰色关联分析[J].果树学报,2005,22(5):474-478.
[20]满为群,杜维广,张桂茹,等.高光效大豆品种光合作用的日变化[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(7):860-862.
[21]王建林,齐华,房全孝,等.水稻、大豆、玉米光合速率的日变化及其对光强响应的滞后效应[J].华北农学报,2007,22(2):119-124.
[22]牛立元,茹振钢,刘明久.小麦光合作用日变化及光合潜势评价方法研究[J].麦类作物学报,2002,02:51-54.
[23]李宏伟,李斌,郑琪,等.小麦高光效育种研究进展[A].2014全国光合作用研讨会论文集[C].山东泰安:中国植物学会,2014:26.