小麦产量及其相关性状的综合分析
|
摘要
对2014~2015年度陕西小麦区域试验13个品种的主要产量性状、农艺性状和生理性状进行了综合分析,探讨了影响小麦产量提高的关键因素,结果表明:利用稳定参数法可以有效地评价小麦的高产稳产性。灰色关联度分析表明,在产量性状中,收获指数和穗粒数与产量的关联度较大,是增产的主要因素,而穗粒重、千粒重和生物学产量与产量的关联度较小;在农艺性状中,株高构成指数和花期叶面积这2个性状与产量的灰色关联度较大,而穗长、旗叶夹角和株高与产量的关联度较小;在生理性状中与产量关联度最大的是叶片的净光合速率和单株伤流量。在小麦的高产品种选育中,应对与产量关联度高的性状进行改良,从而达到提高产量的目的。
The main yield traits,agronomic traits and physiological traits of 13 varieties in the wheat regional trial of Shaanxi during 2014 ~ 2015 were comprehensively analyzed,and the key factors which influenced the yield increase of these wheat varieties were explored. The results showed that the high yield stability of wheat could be evaluated effectively by stability parameter method. The grey relational analysis demonstrated that: among the yield traits of wheat,the harvest index and grain number per panicle had bigger degree of grey relation with the yield,and they were the key factors causing yield increase; however,the grain weight per panicle,1000-grain weight and biological yield had less degree of grey relation with the yield. Among the agronomic traits of wheat,the plant-height component index and flowering-stage leaf area had bigger degree of grey relation with the yield;while the panicle length,flag leaf angle and plant height had less degree of grey relation with the yield. Among the physiological traits of wheat,the leaf net photosynthetic rate and single-plant wound flow had bigger degree of grey relation with the yield.Therefore,in the breeding of high-yielding wheat varieties,the traits which had high grey relation with the yield should be improved.
The main yield traits,agronomic traits and physiological traits of 13 varieties in the wheat regional trial of Shaanxi during 2014 ~ 2015 were comprehensively analyzed,and the key factors which influenced the yield increase of these wheat varieties were explored. The results showed that the high yield stability of wheat could be evaluated effectively by stability parameter method. The grey relational analysis demonstrated that: among the yield traits of wheat,the harvest index and grain number per panicle had bigger degree of grey relation with the yield,and they were the key factors causing yield increase; however,the grain weight per panicle,1000-grain weight and biological yield had less degree of grey relation with the yield. Among the agronomic traits of wheat,the plant-height component index and flowering-stage leaf area had bigger degree of grey relation with the yield;while the panicle length,flag leaf angle and plant height had less degree of grey relation with the yield. Among the physiological traits of wheat,the leaf net photosynthetic rate and single-plant wound flow had bigger degree of grey relation with the yield.Therefore,in the breeding of high-yielding wheat varieties,the traits which had high grey relation with the yield should be improved.
引文
[1]杨芬.陕西小麦生产现状及育种新思路[J].中国种业,2011(9):14-16.
[2]赵宗武,马华平,蒋志凯,等.河南小麦超高产育种与品质利用途径[J].小麦研究,2000(2):18-20.
[3]李世平,张哲夫,安林利,等.品种稳定性参数和高稳系数在小麦区试中的应用及其分析[J].华北农学报,2000,15(3):10-15.
[4]张洁,罗家传.河南小麦主要性状的相关性及通径分析[J].现代农业科技,2009(19):12-14,16.
[5]刘朝辉,李江伟,蒋志凯,等.河南省小麦区试品种(系)产量与产量构成因素的相关和通径分析[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(9):26-28.
[6]曹廷杰,李伟,闫素红,等.河南小麦新品种(系)灰色关联度分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(25):13640-13642,13647.
[7]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 1301─2007农作物品种(小麦)区域实验技术规程[S].2007.
[8]张珂,冀天会,杨子光,等.稳定性参数法在小麦区试中的应用与分析[J].湖南农业科学,2010(15):26-27,38.
[9]平俊爱,张福耀,吕鑫,等.稳定性参数法在饲草高粱区试中的应用[J].作物杂志,2008(2):30-32.
[10]王军,李洪涛,迟铭,等.大麦株高构成指数的遗传分析[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(9):1210-1216.
[11]周竹青,朱旭彤.冬小麦新品种(系)抽穗期、灌浆期吸收32P动态及与伤流量关系的研究[J].种子,1997(5):18-21.
[12]赵倩,刘兆晔,刘春蕾,等.小麦新品种(系)的灰色关联度分析[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(9):259-262.
[13]王士强,胡银岗,佘奎军,等.小麦抗旱相关经济性状和生理生化性状的灰色关联度分析[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(11):2452-2459.
[14]张其鲁,张立全,张连晓,等.小麦的高产育种途径及其发展趋势[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(1):176-178.
[15]李振声.我国小麦育种的回顾与展望[J].中国农业科技导报,2010,12(2):1-4.
[16]雷振生,林作楫.河南小麦品种农艺性状演变及今后育种方向[J].中国农业科学,1995,28(S1):28-33.
[17]李成军,王冰林,何启伟,等.日光温室厚皮甜瓜叶片发育进程中生理生化指标的变化[J].中国蔬菜,2007(6):17-20.
[18]张斌斌,姜卫兵,韩健,等.作物光合特性在杂种优势评价中的应用研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(8):44-48.
[19]Hirao K,Kubota F,Agata W.Evaluation of the heterosis on leaf photosynthesis of remote-cross F1rice(Oryza saliva L.)[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,1995,175(4):265-270.
[20]Pham C V,Murayama S,Kawamitsu Y,et al.Heterosis for photosynthetic and morphological characters in F1hybrid rice from a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line at different growth stages[J].Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2004,48(3):137-148.
[21]董德坤,师恺,曹家树.芸薹属两个亚种间杂种光合作用优势及其机理[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(12):2804-2810.
[22]牛立元,茹振钢,刘明久.小麦光合作用日变化及光合潜势评价方法研究[J].麦类作物学报,2002,22(2):51-54.
[23]李宏伟,李斌,郑琪,等.小麦高光效育种研究进展[C]//2014年全国光合作用研讨会论文集.泰安:中国植物学会,2014:26.
[2]赵宗武,马华平,蒋志凯,等.河南小麦超高产育种与品质利用途径[J].小麦研究,2000(2):18-20.
[3]李世平,张哲夫,安林利,等.品种稳定性参数和高稳系数在小麦区试中的应用及其分析[J].华北农学报,2000,15(3):10-15.
[4]张洁,罗家传.河南小麦主要性状的相关性及通径分析[J].现代农业科技,2009(19):12-14,16.
[5]刘朝辉,李江伟,蒋志凯,等.河南省小麦区试品种(系)产量与产量构成因素的相关和通径分析[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(9):26-28.
[6]曹廷杰,李伟,闫素红,等.河南小麦新品种(系)灰色关联度分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(25):13640-13642,13647.
[7]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 1301─2007农作物品种(小麦)区域实验技术规程[S].2007.
[8]张珂,冀天会,杨子光,等.稳定性参数法在小麦区试中的应用与分析[J].湖南农业科学,2010(15):26-27,38.
[9]平俊爱,张福耀,吕鑫,等.稳定性参数法在饲草高粱区试中的应用[J].作物杂志,2008(2):30-32.
[10]王军,李洪涛,迟铭,等.大麦株高构成指数的遗传分析[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(9):1210-1216.
[11]周竹青,朱旭彤.冬小麦新品种(系)抽穗期、灌浆期吸收32P动态及与伤流量关系的研究[J].种子,1997(5):18-21.
[12]赵倩,刘兆晔,刘春蕾,等.小麦新品种(系)的灰色关联度分析[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(9):259-262.
[13]王士强,胡银岗,佘奎军,等.小麦抗旱相关经济性状和生理生化性状的灰色关联度分析[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(11):2452-2459.
[14]张其鲁,张立全,张连晓,等.小麦的高产育种途径及其发展趋势[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(1):176-178.
[15]李振声.我国小麦育种的回顾与展望[J].中国农业科技导报,2010,12(2):1-4.
[16]雷振生,林作楫.河南小麦品种农艺性状演变及今后育种方向[J].中国农业科学,1995,28(S1):28-33.
[17]李成军,王冰林,何启伟,等.日光温室厚皮甜瓜叶片发育进程中生理生化指标的变化[J].中国蔬菜,2007(6):17-20.
[18]张斌斌,姜卫兵,韩健,等.作物光合特性在杂种优势评价中的应用研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(8):44-48.
[19]Hirao K,Kubota F,Agata W.Evaluation of the heterosis on leaf photosynthesis of remote-cross F1rice(Oryza saliva L.)[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,1995,175(4):265-270.
[20]Pham C V,Murayama S,Kawamitsu Y,et al.Heterosis for photosynthetic and morphological characters in F1hybrid rice from a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line at different growth stages[J].Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2004,48(3):137-148.
[21]董德坤,师恺,曹家树.芸薹属两个亚种间杂种光合作用优势及其机理[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(12):2804-2810.
[22]牛立元,茹振钢,刘明久.小麦光合作用日变化及光合潜势评价方法研究[J].麦类作物学报,2002,22(2):51-54.
[23]李宏伟,李斌,郑琪,等.小麦高光效育种研究进展[C]//2014年全国光合作用研讨会论文集.泰安:中国植物学会,2014:26.