不同倍性小麦光合日变化的研究
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摘要
以二倍体节节麦、四倍体硬粒小麦、六倍体普通小麦、八倍体小黑麦为材料,测定了不同倍性小麦的光合气体交换参数和环境因子的日变化。结果表明:不同倍体小麦的各气体交换参数的日变化规律基本相似,其中净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率的日变化均为双峰曲线,胞间CO_2浓度的日变化为倒抛物线,水分利用效率则一直处在下降中;六倍体和八倍体小麦的光合效率、CO_2利用率和水分利用效率均比二倍体和四倍体高。相关分析结果显示:净光合速率的日变化主要是由气孔导度引起的;二倍体和四倍体小麦净光合速率的日变化还与空气湿度和自身水分利用效率显著相关。
Taking diploid wheat species Aegilops tauschii,tetraploid wheat species Triticum durum,hexaploid wheat species T. aestivum and octoploid wheat species triticale as experimental materials,we studied the daily changes in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and environmental factors of different ploidy wheat. The results showed that different ploidy wheat had the similar rules of daily changes in various photosynthetic gas exchange parameters. The daily changes in net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were all bimodal curve,and the daily change in intercellular CO_2 concentration was inverted parabola,while the water use efficiency within one day declined all the time. The photosynthetic efficiency,CO_2 utilization rate and water use efficiency of hexaploid and octoploid wheat were higher than those of diploid and tetraploid wheat. Correlation analysis revealed that: the daily change in net photosynthetic rate was caused mainly by stomatal conductance; the daily change in net photosynthetic rate of diploid and tetraploid wheat was also significantly correlated with air humidity and water use efficiency.
Taking diploid wheat species Aegilops tauschii,tetraploid wheat species Triticum durum,hexaploid wheat species T. aestivum and octoploid wheat species triticale as experimental materials,we studied the daily changes in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and environmental factors of different ploidy wheat. The results showed that different ploidy wheat had the similar rules of daily changes in various photosynthetic gas exchange parameters. The daily changes in net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were all bimodal curve,and the daily change in intercellular CO_2 concentration was inverted parabola,while the water use efficiency within one day declined all the time. The photosynthetic efficiency,CO_2 utilization rate and water use efficiency of hexaploid and octoploid wheat were higher than those of diploid and tetraploid wheat. Correlation analysis revealed that: the daily change in net photosynthetic rate was caused mainly by stomatal conductance; the daily change in net photosynthetic rate of diploid and tetraploid wheat was also significantly correlated with air humidity and water use efficiency.
引文
[1]邱天,庞劲松.小麦异源多倍体中亲本基因组相互作用产生快速基因组变异的ISSR标记分析[J].东北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2011,43(2):124-128.
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[15]朱冰兵,陈晶晶,徐惠风,等.不同株距及穴播粒数对花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)光合日变化的影响[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(11):4759-4764.
[16]罗新兰,李天来,姚运生,等.日光温室气象要素及番茄单叶光合速率日变化模拟的研究[J].园艺学报,2004(5):607-612.
[17]薛远赛,朱玉鹏,林琪,等.沟播对盐碱地小麦光合日变化及产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(11):2554-2559.
[18]杨彩红,柴强.交替灌溉对绿洲灌区间作小麦光合日变化的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1028-1036.
[19]褚鹏飞,于振文,王东,等.耕作方式对小麦开花后旗叶水势与叶绿素荧光参数日变化和水分利用效率的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(6):1051-1061.
[20]孙旭生,林琪,刘义国,等.不同施氮量对超高产小麦灌浆期光合日变化的影响[J].华北农学报,2008(1):158-162.
[21]魏爱丽,高贵喜,詹海仙,等.八倍体小偃麦和普通小麦旗叶及叶鞘光合日变化比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(1):104-110.
[22]廖琴,赵虹,马志强,等.NT/T1301─2007农作物品种(小麦)区域实验技术规程[S].中华人民共和国农业部发布,2007.
[23]赵小光,张耀文,田建华,等.甘蓝型油菜不同发育时期光合日变化和环境因子之间的关系[J].西南农业学报,2013(4):1392-1397.
[24]张光灿,刘霞,贺康宁.黄土半干旱区刺槐和侧柏林地土壤水分有效性及生产力分级研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(6):858-862.
[25]李宏伟,李斌,郑琪,等.小麦高光效育种研究进展[C]//2014全国光合作用研讨会论文集.泰安:中国植物学会,2014:26.
[2]Liu B,Wendel J F.Non-mendelian phenomena in allopolyploid genome evolution[J].Curr Genomics,2002,3(6):489-506.
[3]Song K,Lu P,Tang K,et al.Rapid genome change in synthetic polyploids of brassica and its implications for polyploid evolution[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1995,92:7719-7723.
[4]Liu B,Vega J M,Feldman M.Rapid genomic changes in newly synthesized amphiploids of Triticum and AegilopsⅡ:changes in low-copy coding DNA sequences[J].Genome,1998,41:535-542.
[5]Liu B,Xu C M,Zhao N,et al.Rapid genomic changes in polyploid wheat and related species:implications for genome evolution and genetic improvement[J].J Genet Genomics,2009,36:1-10.
[6]钟憬锐.多倍体小麦中植物激素含量与染色体倍数的关系[J].河南农业,2016,382(2):9-10.
[7]李成军,王冰林,何启伟,等.日光温室厚皮甜瓜叶片发育进程中生理生化指标的变化[J].中国蔬菜,2007(6):17-20.
[8]赵小光,张耀文,关周博,等.甘蓝型油菜光合特性杂种优势的日变化特征[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(4):574-582.
[9]赵鹏涛,赵小光,马永强,等.杂种小麦光合特性杂种优势的日变化研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(15):10-14.
[10]曾秀存,许耀照,孙万仓,等.白菜型冬油菜光合日变化特性研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(11):2490-2496.
[11]朱文旭,张会慧,许楠,等.间作对桑树和谷子生长和光合日变化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(7):1817-1824.
[12]袁嫚嫚,朱建国,刘钢,等.不同天气水稻光合日变化对大气CO2浓度和温度升高的响应:FACE研究[J].生态学报,2018(6):1-10.
[13]徐新娟,王伟,黄中文.大豆品种主要光合指标日变化的研究[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(11):49-52,56.
[14]刘云鹏,梁效贵,申思,等.梯度干旱胁迫下玉米光合碳的日变化及品种偏向性[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2083-2092.
[15]朱冰兵,陈晶晶,徐惠风,等.不同株距及穴播粒数对花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)光合日变化的影响[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(11):4759-4764.
[16]罗新兰,李天来,姚运生,等.日光温室气象要素及番茄单叶光合速率日变化模拟的研究[J].园艺学报,2004(5):607-612.
[17]薛远赛,朱玉鹏,林琪,等.沟播对盐碱地小麦光合日变化及产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(11):2554-2559.
[18]杨彩红,柴强.交替灌溉对绿洲灌区间作小麦光合日变化的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1028-1036.
[19]褚鹏飞,于振文,王东,等.耕作方式对小麦开花后旗叶水势与叶绿素荧光参数日变化和水分利用效率的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(6):1051-1061.
[20]孙旭生,林琪,刘义国,等.不同施氮量对超高产小麦灌浆期光合日变化的影响[J].华北农学报,2008(1):158-162.
[21]魏爱丽,高贵喜,詹海仙,等.八倍体小偃麦和普通小麦旗叶及叶鞘光合日变化比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(1):104-110.
[22]廖琴,赵虹,马志强,等.NT/T1301─2007农作物品种(小麦)区域实验技术规程[S].中华人民共和国农业部发布,2007.
[23]赵小光,张耀文,田建华,等.甘蓝型油菜不同发育时期光合日变化和环境因子之间的关系[J].西南农业学报,2013(4):1392-1397.
[24]张光灿,刘霞,贺康宁.黄土半干旱区刺槐和侧柏林地土壤水分有效性及生产力分级研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(6):858-862.
[25]李宏伟,李斌,郑琪,等.小麦高光效育种研究进展[C]//2014全国光合作用研讨会论文集.泰安:中国植物学会,2014:26.