不同小麦进化材料生育后期的光合特性及其对环境因子响应的比较
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摘要
为了解不同小麦近缘材料光合特性,以二倍体节节麦、四倍体硬粒小麦、六倍体普通小麦、八倍体小黑麦为材料,在生育后期测定了其光合气体交换参数、叶绿素含量、叶面积指数等光合相关性状,并对净光合速率在不同光照、CO_2浓度、温度、湿度条件下的变化进行了分析。结果表明,八倍体小黑麦的光合气体交换参数和叶绿素含量比其他三个材料高,六倍体小麦在叶面积上具有明显优势;四倍体和六倍体小麦具有较高的光能利用效率,而二倍体小麦和八倍体小黑麦对强光的抗性较强;六倍体小麦和八倍体小黑麦对CO_2的利用率和抗逆性都较强;八倍体小黑麦的光合速率受温度的影响较小,而二倍体和四倍体小麦的光合速率受温度的影响比较大;二倍体小麦的光合速率受湿度的影响较大,四倍体小麦的光合速率受湿度的影响较小,六倍体小麦和八倍体小黑麦光合速率在高湿条件下变化较小。这说明不同小麦近缘种具有不同的光合特性,是小麦进行小麦高光合育种的重要基因资源。
In this study, diploid species Aegilops tauschii, tetraploid species T.durum, hexaploid species T.aestivum and octoploid species Triticale were used as materials and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, such as chlorophyll concentration, leaf area index etc. were determined at the late developmental stage. The changes of net photosynthetic rate under different illumination, CO_2 concentration, temperature and humidity conditions were investigated. Results showed that, the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll concentration of octoploid material were higher than those of the other three materials and hexaploid material had obvious advantages in leaf area; tetraploid and hexaploid materials had higher light utilization efficiency, while diploid and octoploid materials had stronger resistance to light; hexaploid and octoploid materials had higher utilization efficiency of CO_2 and stronger resistance to CO_2; the photosynthetic rate of octoploid material was less affected by temperature while diploid and tetraploid materials were more affected by temperature; diploid material had greater influence on humidity, but tetraploid material had less influence on humidity. The changes of hexaploid and octoploid materials on photosynthesis were less under high humidity conditions. Therefore, the growth environment of wheat and related species could be changed according to the change rules of net photosynthetic rate under environmental impact in order to improve the photosynthesis of different wheat evolution materials.
In this study, diploid species Aegilops tauschii, tetraploid species T.durum, hexaploid species T.aestivum and octoploid species Triticale were used as materials and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, such as chlorophyll concentration, leaf area index etc. were determined at the late developmental stage. The changes of net photosynthetic rate under different illumination, CO_2 concentration, temperature and humidity conditions were investigated. Results showed that, the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll concentration of octoploid material were higher than those of the other three materials and hexaploid material had obvious advantages in leaf area; tetraploid and hexaploid materials had higher light utilization efficiency, while diploid and octoploid materials had stronger resistance to light; hexaploid and octoploid materials had higher utilization efficiency of CO_2 and stronger resistance to CO_2; the photosynthetic rate of octoploid material was less affected by temperature while diploid and tetraploid materials were more affected by temperature; diploid material had greater influence on humidity, but tetraploid material had less influence on humidity. The changes of hexaploid and octoploid materials on photosynthesis were less under high humidity conditions. Therefore, the growth environment of wheat and related species could be changed according to the change rules of net photosynthetic rate under environmental impact in order to improve the photosynthesis of different wheat evolution materials.
引文
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[15]魏爱丽,王志敏,张俊平,等.野生一粒麦与普通小麦不同绿色器官光合特性和叶绿体结构特征[J].作物学报,2002,28(3):351. WEI A L,WANG Z M,ZHANG J P,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast structure of different green organs in wild wheat T.boeoticum and cultived wheat [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2002,28(3):351.
[16]张其德,刘合芹,张建华,等.限水灌溉对冬小麦旗叶某些光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):869. ZHANG Q D,LIU H Q,ZHANG J H,et al.Effects of limited irrigation on some photosynthetic functions of flag leaves in winter wheat [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2000,26(6):869.
[17]张光灿,刘霞,贺康宁.黄土半干旱区刺槐和侧柏林地土壤水分有效性及生产力分级研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(6):858. ZHANG G C,LIU X,HE K N.Grading of Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis woodl and soil's water availability and productivity in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(6):858.
[18]叶子飘,于强.一个光合作用光响应新模型与传统模型的比较[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2007,38(6):771. YE Z P,YU Q.Comparison of a new model of light response of photosynthesis with traditional models [J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2007,38(6):771.
[19]叶子飘,高峻.光响应和CO2响应新模型在丹参中的应用[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(1):131. YE Z P,GAO J.Application of a new model of light-response and CO2 response of photosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza [J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2009,37(1):131.
[20]WANG H W,SU J H,SHEN Y G.Difference in response of rhotosynthesis to bisulfite between two wheat genotypes [J].Acta Photophysiologica Sinica,2003,29(1):30.
[21]张黎萍,荆奇,戴廷波,等.温度和光照强度对不同品质类型小麦旗叶光合特性和衰老的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008(2):311. ZHANG L P,JIN Q,DAI T B,et al.Effects of temperature and illumination on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and senescence of wheat cultivars with different grain quality [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008(2):311.
[22]张绪成,于显枫,马一凡,等.高大气CO2浓度下小麦旗叶光合能量利用对氮素和光强的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(4):1046. ZHANG X C,YU X F,MA Y F,et al.The responses of photosynthetic energy use in wheat flag leaves to nitrogen application rates and light density under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(4):1046.
[23]张英华,杨佑明,曹莲,等.灌浆期高温对小麦旗叶与非叶器官光合和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):136. ZHANG Y H,YANG Y M,CAO L,et al.Effect of high temperature on photosynthetic capability and antioxidant enzyme activity of flag leaf and non-leaf organs in wheat [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2015,41(1):136.
[24]张荣铣,张玉忠,沈允钢.不同小麦种光合作用对光、温、CO2及水分胁迫的反应[J].作物学报,1995,21(2):163. ZHANG R X,ZHANG Y Z,SHEN Y G.Responses of photosynthesis to light,temperature,CO2,and water stress in different wheat species [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1995,21(2):163.
[25]杨彩红,柴强.交替灌溉对绿洲灌区间作小麦光合日变化的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1027. YANG C H,CHAI Q.Effect of irrigation on photosynthetic diurnal changes of intercropped wheat in irrigated area in oasis [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(8):1027.
[26]牛立元,茹振钢,刘明久.小麦光合作用日变化及光合潜势评价方法研究[J].麦类作物学报,2002,22(2):51. NIU L Y,RU Z G,LIU M J.Studies on the diurnal variation of photosynthesis of flag leaf and evaluation method of photosynthetic potentiality in winter wheat [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2002,22(2):51.
[27]王晓磊,于海秋,刘宁,等.耐低钾玉米自交系延缓叶片衰老的生理特性[J].作物学报,2012,38(9):1672. WANG X L,YU H Q,LIU N,et al.Physiological characteristics of delaying leaf senescence in maize inbred lines tolerant to potassium deficiency [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(9):1672.
[28]赵莹,杨克军,赵长江,等.外源糖调控玉米光合系统和活性氧代谢缓解盐胁迫[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(20):3972. ZHAO Y,YANG K J,ZHAO C J,et al.Alleviation of the adverse effects of salt stress by regulating photosynthetic system and active oxygen metabolism in maize seedlings [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(20):3970.
[29]赵鹏涛,赵小光,马永强,等.小麦产量及其相关性状的综合分析[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(6):16. ZHAO P T,ZHAO X G,MA Y Q,et al.Comprehensive analysis of yield and its related traits of wheat [J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2017,29(6):16.
[2]MASTERSON J.Stomatal size in fossil plants:Evidence for polyploidy in majority of angiosperms [J].Science,1994,264(5157):423.
[3]SOLTIS D E,SOLTIS P S,TATE J A.Advances in the study of polyploidy since plant speciation [J].New Phytologist,2010,161(1):188.
[4] SONG K,LU P,TANG K,et al.Rapid genome change in synthetic polyploids of brassica and its implications for polyploid evolution [J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1995,92(17):7720.
[5] LIU B,VEGA J M,FELDMAN M.Rapid genomic changes in newly synthesized amphiploids of Triticum and Aegilops.Ⅱ.changes in low-copy coding DNA sequences [J].Genome,1998,41(4):540.
[6] LIU B,XU C M,ZHAO N,et al.Rapid genomic changes in polyploid wheat and related species:Implications for genome evolution and genetic improvement [J].Journal of Genetics & Genomics,2009,36(9):525.
[7]刘建辉,孙建云,戴廷波,等.不同小麦进化材料生育后期光合特性和产量[J].植物生态学报,2005,31(1):139. LIU J H,SUN J Y,DAI T B,et al.Late-growth photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of different wheat evolutionary materials [J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2005,31(1):139.
[8]李成军,王冰林,何启伟,等.日光温室厚皮甜瓜叶片发育进程中生理生化指标的变化[J].中国蔬菜,2007,1(6):17. LI C J,WANG B L,HE Q W,et al.Changes of physiological and biochemical index of leaf development of muskmelon in solar greenhouse [J].Chinese Vegetables,2007,1(6):17.
[9]张斌斌,姜卫兵,韩健,等.作物光合特性在杂种优势评价中的应用研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(8):44. ZHANG B B,JIANG W B,HAN J,et al.Research progress in application of photosynthetic characters of crops in evaluation of heterosis [J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2009,21(8):44.
[10]赵宗武,马华平,蒋志凯,等.河南小麦超高产育种与品质利用途径[J].小麦研究,2000,21(2):18. ZHAO Z W,MA H P,JIANG Z K,et al.The way of super high yield breeding and quality utilization in Henan wheat[J].Journal of Wheat Research,2000,21(2):18.
[11]赵鹏涛,赵小光,马永强,等.杂种小麦光合特性杂种优势的日变化研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(15):10. ZHAO P T,ZHAO X G,MA Y Q,et al.The study on daily change of photosynthetic characteristics heterosis of hybrid wheat [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(15):10.
[12] AUSTIN R B,MORGANC L,FORD M A,et al.Flag leaf photosynthesis of Triticum aestivum and related diploid and tetraploid species [J].Annals of Botany,1982,49(2):187.
[13] DUNSTONE R L,EVANS L T.Role of changes in cell sizes in the evolution of wheat [J].Functional Plant Biology,1974,1(1):163.
[14]肖凯,张荣铣.不同染色体组小麦种叶片光合功能衰退的生理原因研究[J].河北农业大学学报,1997,20(3):38. XIAO K,ZHANG R X.Studies on physiological mechanism of photosynthetic function senescence of different wheat species [J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,1997,20(03):38.
[15]魏爱丽,王志敏,张俊平,等.野生一粒麦与普通小麦不同绿色器官光合特性和叶绿体结构特征[J].作物学报,2002,28(3):351. WEI A L,WANG Z M,ZHANG J P,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast structure of different green organs in wild wheat T.boeoticum and cultived wheat [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2002,28(3):351.
[16]张其德,刘合芹,张建华,等.限水灌溉对冬小麦旗叶某些光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):869. ZHANG Q D,LIU H Q,ZHANG J H,et al.Effects of limited irrigation on some photosynthetic functions of flag leaves in winter wheat [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2000,26(6):869.
[17]张光灿,刘霞,贺康宁.黄土半干旱区刺槐和侧柏林地土壤水分有效性及生产力分级研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(6):858. ZHANG G C,LIU X,HE K N.Grading of Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis woodl and soil's water availability and productivity in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(6):858.
[18]叶子飘,于强.一个光合作用光响应新模型与传统模型的比较[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2007,38(6):771. YE Z P,YU Q.Comparison of a new model of light response of photosynthesis with traditional models [J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2007,38(6):771.
[19]叶子飘,高峻.光响应和CO2响应新模型在丹参中的应用[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(1):131. YE Z P,GAO J.Application of a new model of light-response and CO2 response of photosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza [J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2009,37(1):131.
[20]WANG H W,SU J H,SHEN Y G.Difference in response of rhotosynthesis to bisulfite between two wheat genotypes [J].Acta Photophysiologica Sinica,2003,29(1):30.
[21]张黎萍,荆奇,戴廷波,等.温度和光照强度对不同品质类型小麦旗叶光合特性和衰老的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008(2):311. ZHANG L P,JIN Q,DAI T B,et al.Effects of temperature and illumination on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and senescence of wheat cultivars with different grain quality [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008(2):311.
[22]张绪成,于显枫,马一凡,等.高大气CO2浓度下小麦旗叶光合能量利用对氮素和光强的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(4):1046. ZHANG X C,YU X F,MA Y F,et al.The responses of photosynthetic energy use in wheat flag leaves to nitrogen application rates and light density under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(4):1046.
[23]张英华,杨佑明,曹莲,等.灌浆期高温对小麦旗叶与非叶器官光合和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):136. ZHANG Y H,YANG Y M,CAO L,et al.Effect of high temperature on photosynthetic capability and antioxidant enzyme activity of flag leaf and non-leaf organs in wheat [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2015,41(1):136.
[24]张荣铣,张玉忠,沈允钢.不同小麦种光合作用对光、温、CO2及水分胁迫的反应[J].作物学报,1995,21(2):163. ZHANG R X,ZHANG Y Z,SHEN Y G.Responses of photosynthesis to light,temperature,CO2,and water stress in different wheat species [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1995,21(2):163.
[25]杨彩红,柴强.交替灌溉对绿洲灌区间作小麦光合日变化的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1027. YANG C H,CHAI Q.Effect of irrigation on photosynthetic diurnal changes of intercropped wheat in irrigated area in oasis [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(8):1027.
[26]牛立元,茹振钢,刘明久.小麦光合作用日变化及光合潜势评价方法研究[J].麦类作物学报,2002,22(2):51. NIU L Y,RU Z G,LIU M J.Studies on the diurnal variation of photosynthesis of flag leaf and evaluation method of photosynthetic potentiality in winter wheat [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2002,22(2):51.
[27]王晓磊,于海秋,刘宁,等.耐低钾玉米自交系延缓叶片衰老的生理特性[J].作物学报,2012,38(9):1672. WANG X L,YU H Q,LIU N,et al.Physiological characteristics of delaying leaf senescence in maize inbred lines tolerant to potassium deficiency [J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(9):1672.
[28]赵莹,杨克军,赵长江,等.外源糖调控玉米光合系统和活性氧代谢缓解盐胁迫[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(20):3972. ZHAO Y,YANG K J,ZHAO C J,et al.Alleviation of the adverse effects of salt stress by regulating photosynthetic system and active oxygen metabolism in maize seedlings [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(20):3970.
[29]赵鹏涛,赵小光,马永强,等.小麦产量及其相关性状的综合分析[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(6):16. ZHAO P T,ZHAO X G,MA Y Q,et al.Comprehensive analysis of yield and its related traits of wheat [J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2017,29(6):16.