模块化多电平换流阀IGBT器件功率损耗计算与结温探测
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摘要
半桥子模块是柔性直流输电系统中模块化多电平换流阀(MMC)的核心单元,根据运行工况参数计算半桥子模块器件的功率损耗是进行绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)模块结温探测的关键,准确的结温波动信息对MMC换流阀系统的可靠性研究和安全运行尤为重要。与一般的两电平逆变器不同,MMC系统中桥臂电流具有与生俱来的直流偏置特性。该文提出了一种基于电热耦合模型的半桥子模块中IGBT器件功率损耗与瞬态结温计算的数学解析方法。首先研究半桥子模块中各导通器件电流复现方法,建立基于开关周期的平均功率损耗计算模型,基于瞬态热阻抗建立半桥子模块中IGBT器件的热网络模型;然后通过一个2MW的柔性直流输电系统算例,计算子模块中上下管开关器件的功率损耗和瞬态结温变化,计算速度是时域仿真模型的1 000倍;最后通过有限元模型验证了文中所提电热耦合模型的有效性。
Half-bridge sub-module is the core unit of the modular multilevel converter(MMC) in the flexible dc transmission system.It is of great importance to accurately calculate the power loss of IGBT devices in sub-module for the junction temperature detection of insulated gated bipolar transistor(IGBT) under the operating conditions.And the estimation of the temperature swings is the essential for reliability study and safety of the MMC.Different from two-level power converters,the MMC has inherent dc-bias in arm current.Consequently,a analytical thermal modeling method is proposed based on electro-thermal coupling in this paper.The device current reconstruction method was studied for sub-module and the average loss calculation model was constructed based on switch cycle.Based on transient thermal impedance,the thermal network model of sub-module was established to calculate the junction temperature of IGBT devices.The power loss and transient temperature change of the power devices were calculated under operating parameters with a case study on a 2 MW MMC system.More importantly,the speed of calculation is 1 000 times than time-domain simulation.The FEM model is used to verify the validity of the proposed electro-thermal coupling model.
Half-bridge sub-module is the core unit of the modular multilevel converter(MMC) in the flexible dc transmission system.It is of great importance to accurately calculate the power loss of IGBT devices in sub-module for the junction temperature detection of insulated gated bipolar transistor(IGBT) under the operating conditions.And the estimation of the temperature swings is the essential for reliability study and safety of the MMC.Different from two-level power converters,the MMC has inherent dc-bias in arm current.Consequently,a analytical thermal modeling method is proposed based on electro-thermal coupling in this paper.The device current reconstruction method was studied for sub-module and the average loss calculation model was constructed based on switch cycle.Based on transient thermal impedance,the thermal network model of sub-module was established to calculate the junction temperature of IGBT devices.The power loss and transient temperature change of the power devices were calculated under operating parameters with a case study on a 2 MW MMC system.More importantly,the speed of calculation is 1 000 times than time-domain simulation.The FEM model is used to verify the validity of the proposed electro-thermal coupling model.
引文
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[10]陈明,胡安.IGBT结温模拟和探测方法对比研究[J].电机与控制学报,2011,15(12):44-49,55.Chen Ming,Hu An.Study on the junction temperature simulation and detection method of IGBTpower electronic devices[J].Electric Machines and Control,2011,15(12):44-49,55.
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[12]李辉,胡姚刚,刘盛权,等.计及焊层疲劳影响的风电变流器IGBT模块热分析及改进热网络模型[J]电工技术学报,2017,32(13):80-87.Li Hui,Hu Yaogang,Liu Shengquan,et al.Thermal analysis and improved thermal network model of IGBT module for wind power converter considering solder fatigue effects[J].Transactions of china Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(13):80-87.
[13]Liu Yang,Zhao Chengyong,Yang Xiaodong.Loss calculation method of modular multilevel HVDCconverters[C]//IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference(EPEC),Winnipeg,MB,2011:1-5.
[14]Modeer T,Nee H,Norrga S.Loss comparison of different sub-module implementations for modular multilevel converters in HVDC applications[C]//Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,Birmingham,2011:1-7.
[15]Rohner S,Bernet S,Hiler M,et al.Modulation,losses,and semiconductor requirements of modular multilevel converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Electronics,2010,57(8):2633-2642.
[16]Tu Qingrui,Xu Zheng.Dissipation analysis of MMC-HVDC based on junction temperature feedback method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(6):1506-1512.
[17]张哲任,徐政,薛英林.基于分段解析公式的MMC-HVDC阀损耗计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):109-116.Zhang Zheren,Xu Zheng,Xue Yinglin.Valve loss calculation of MMC-HVDC based on picewise analytical formula[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):109-116.
[18]薛英林,徐政,张哲任,等.采用不同子模块的MMC-HVDC阀损耗通用计算方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(1):20-29.Xue Yinglin,Xu Zheng,Zhang Zheren,et al.General method of valve loss calculation for MMC-HVDCwith different submodules[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(1):20-29.
[19]饶宏,李建国,宋强,等.模块化多电平换流器直流输电系统损耗的计算方法及其损耗特性分析[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(6):101-106.Rao Hong,Li Jianguo,Song Qiang,et al.Loss calculation method and characteristics analysis for MMC-HVDC system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(6):101-106.
[20]Tu Qingrui,Xu Zhong.Power losses evaluation for modular multilevel converter with junction temperature feedback[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,Detroit,MI,USA,2011:1-7.
[21]李志刚,李雄,张强,等.SPWM模式下逆变器中IGBT结温的快速评估方法[J].高电压技术,2017,43(11):3683-3689.Li Zhigang,Li Xiong,Zhang Qiang,et al.Analysis of IGBT junction temperature in sinusoidal pulse width modulation inverter[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(11):3683-3689.
[22]姚芳,胡洋,李铮,等.基于结温监测的风电IGBT热安全性和寿命耗损研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(9):2024-2033.Yao Fang,Hu Yang,Li Zheng,et al.Study on thermal safety and lifetime consumption of IGBT in wind power converters based on junction temperature monitoring[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(9):2024-2033.
[23]李玲玲,许亚恵,李志刚.基于电-热耦合模型的IGBT模块结温计算方法[J].电源学报,2016,14(6):23-28.Li Lingling,Xu Yahui,Li Zhigang.Calculation method of IGBT module junction temperature based on electro-thermal coupling model[J].Journal of Power Supply,2016,14(6):23-28.
[24]Zhou Zhongfu,Khanniche M S,Igic P,et al.A fast power loss calculation method for long real time thermal simulation of IGBT modules for a three-phase inverter system[C]//IEEE European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,Dresden,2006:33-46.
[25]徐进,金逸,胡从川,等.适用于海上风电并网的多端柔性直流系统自适应下垂控制研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(4):78-85.Xu Jin,Jin Yi,Hu Congchuan,et al.DC voltage adaptive droop control of multi-terminal VSC-HVDCsystem for offshore wind farms integration[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(4):78-85.
[26]岳雨霏,徐千鸣,马伏军,等.基于子模块电压波动估计的MMC双环二倍频环流抑制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):20-32.Yue Yufei,Xu Qianming,Ma Fujun,et al.Dual-loop2nd circulating current strategy based on estimated capacitor voltage fluctuation of sub-module for modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):20-32.
[27]周莹坤,齐磊,崔翔,等.采用载波移相调制的模块化多电平换流器损耗一致性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(20):100-106.Zhou Yingkun,Qi Lei,Cui Xiang,et al.Loss consistency analysis of modular multilevel converter using carrier phase shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems2016,40(20):100-106.
[28]杜雄,李高显,孙鹏菊,等.考虑基频结温波动的风电变流器可靠性评估[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(10):258-265.Du Xiong,Li Gaoxian,Sun Pengju,et al.Reliability evaluation of wind power converters considering the fundamental frequency junction temperature fluctuations[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(10):258-265.
[2]李凯,赵争鸣,袁立强,等.基于能量平衡的降低模块化多电平变换器子模块电容电压波动控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(14):17-26.Li Kai,Zhao Zhengming,Yuan Liqiang,et al.Control strategy based on the energy balance for reducing sub-module capacitor voltage fluctuation of modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(14):17-26.
[3]温家良,葛俊,潘艳,等.直流电网用电力电子器件发展与展望[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):663-669.Wen Jialiang,Ge Jun,Pan Yan,et al.Development and expectation of power electronic devices for DCgrid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):663-669.
[4]张冰,赵书强,甄永赞.柔性直流输电的改进行波保护仿真研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(16):58-63.Zhang Bing,Zhao Shuqiang,Zhen Yongzan.Simulation study of an improved traveling wave protection for VSC-HVDC transmission system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(16):58-63.
[5]Bahman A S,Ma K,Blaabjerg F.A lumped thermal model including thermal coupling and thermal boundary conditions for high-power IGBT modules[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(3):2518-2530.
[6]Fabis P M,Shum D,Windischmann H.Thermal modeling of diamond-based power electronics packaging[C]//Fifteenth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium,San Diego,CA,USA,1999:98-104.
[7]彭英舟,周雒维,孙鹏菊,等.基于开通密勒平台电压的IGBT模块结温估计研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3254-3262,3381.Peng Yingzhou,Zhou Luowei,Sun Pengju,et al.Study of IGBT junction temperature estimation based on turn-on miller platform voltage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3254-3262,3381.
[8]赵志斌,邓二平,张朋,等.换流阀用与直流断路器用压接型IGBT器件差异分析[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(19):125-133.Zhao Zhibin,Deng Erping,Zhang Peng,et al.Review of the difference between the press pack IGBT using for converter valve and for DC breaker[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(19):125-133.
[9]罗永捷,徐罗那,熊小伏,等.MMC-MTDC系统直流单极对地短路故障保护策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(增刊1):98-106.Luo Yongjie,Xu Luona,Xiong Xiaofu,et al.Poleto-ground DC fault protection of MMC-MTDCsystems[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(S1):98-106.
[10]陈明,胡安.IGBT结温模拟和探测方法对比研究[J].电机与控制学报,2011,15(12):44-49,55.Chen Ming,Hu An.Study on the junction temperature simulation and detection method of IGBTpower electronic devices[J].Electric Machines and Control,2011,15(12):44-49,55.
[11]李武华,陈玉香,罗皓泽,等.大容量电力电子器件结温提取原理综述及展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(13):3546-3557.Li Wuhua,Chen Yuxiang,Luo Haoze,et al.Review and prospect of junction temperature extraction principle of high power semiconductor devices[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(13):3546-3557.
[12]李辉,胡姚刚,刘盛权,等.计及焊层疲劳影响的风电变流器IGBT模块热分析及改进热网络模型[J]电工技术学报,2017,32(13):80-87.Li Hui,Hu Yaogang,Liu Shengquan,et al.Thermal analysis and improved thermal network model of IGBT module for wind power converter considering solder fatigue effects[J].Transactions of china Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(13):80-87.
[13]Liu Yang,Zhao Chengyong,Yang Xiaodong.Loss calculation method of modular multilevel HVDCconverters[C]//IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference(EPEC),Winnipeg,MB,2011:1-5.
[14]Modeer T,Nee H,Norrga S.Loss comparison of different sub-module implementations for modular multilevel converters in HVDC applications[C]//Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,Birmingham,2011:1-7.
[15]Rohner S,Bernet S,Hiler M,et al.Modulation,losses,and semiconductor requirements of modular multilevel converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Electronics,2010,57(8):2633-2642.
[16]Tu Qingrui,Xu Zheng.Dissipation analysis of MMC-HVDC based on junction temperature feedback method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(6):1506-1512.
[17]张哲任,徐政,薛英林.基于分段解析公式的MMC-HVDC阀损耗计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):109-116.Zhang Zheren,Xu Zheng,Xue Yinglin.Valve loss calculation of MMC-HVDC based on picewise analytical formula[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):109-116.
[18]薛英林,徐政,张哲任,等.采用不同子模块的MMC-HVDC阀损耗通用计算方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(1):20-29.Xue Yinglin,Xu Zheng,Zhang Zheren,et al.General method of valve loss calculation for MMC-HVDCwith different submodules[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(1):20-29.
[19]饶宏,李建国,宋强,等.模块化多电平换流器直流输电系统损耗的计算方法及其损耗特性分析[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(6):101-106.Rao Hong,Li Jianguo,Song Qiang,et al.Loss calculation method and characteristics analysis for MMC-HVDC system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(6):101-106.
[20]Tu Qingrui,Xu Zhong.Power losses evaluation for modular multilevel converter with junction temperature feedback[C]//IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,Detroit,MI,USA,2011:1-7.
[21]李志刚,李雄,张强,等.SPWM模式下逆变器中IGBT结温的快速评估方法[J].高电压技术,2017,43(11):3683-3689.Li Zhigang,Li Xiong,Zhang Qiang,et al.Analysis of IGBT junction temperature in sinusoidal pulse width modulation inverter[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(11):3683-3689.
[22]姚芳,胡洋,李铮,等.基于结温监测的风电IGBT热安全性和寿命耗损研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(9):2024-2033.Yao Fang,Hu Yang,Li Zheng,et al.Study on thermal safety and lifetime consumption of IGBT in wind power converters based on junction temperature monitoring[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(9):2024-2033.
[23]李玲玲,许亚恵,李志刚.基于电-热耦合模型的IGBT模块结温计算方法[J].电源学报,2016,14(6):23-28.Li Lingling,Xu Yahui,Li Zhigang.Calculation method of IGBT module junction temperature based on electro-thermal coupling model[J].Journal of Power Supply,2016,14(6):23-28.
[24]Zhou Zhongfu,Khanniche M S,Igic P,et al.A fast power loss calculation method for long real time thermal simulation of IGBT modules for a three-phase inverter system[C]//IEEE European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,Dresden,2006:33-46.
[25]徐进,金逸,胡从川,等.适用于海上风电并网的多端柔性直流系统自适应下垂控制研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(4):78-85.Xu Jin,Jin Yi,Hu Congchuan,et al.DC voltage adaptive droop control of multi-terminal VSC-HVDCsystem for offshore wind farms integration[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(4):78-85.
[26]岳雨霏,徐千鸣,马伏军,等.基于子模块电压波动估计的MMC双环二倍频环流抑制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):20-32.Yue Yufei,Xu Qianming,Ma Fujun,et al.Dual-loop2nd circulating current strategy based on estimated capacitor voltage fluctuation of sub-module for modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):20-32.
[27]周莹坤,齐磊,崔翔,等.采用载波移相调制的模块化多电平换流器损耗一致性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(20):100-106.Zhou Yingkun,Qi Lei,Cui Xiang,et al.Loss consistency analysis of modular multilevel converter using carrier phase shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems2016,40(20):100-106.
[28]杜雄,李高显,孙鹏菊,等.考虑基频结温波动的风电变流器可靠性评估[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(10):258-265.Du Xiong,Li Gaoxian,Sun Pengju,et al.Reliability evaluation of wind power converters considering the fundamental frequency junction temperature fluctuations[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(10):258-265.