上海市松江区老年失智现况及相关因素分析
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摘要
【目的】了解上海市松江区老年失智的患病现况及相关因素分析。【方法】采用多阶段随机抽样方法选择松江区≥60岁居民作为调查对象,收集性别、年龄及健康状况信息,使用记忆障碍筛查量表(AD-8)和简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)筛查老年失智患者,并进行统计学分析。【结果】共收到有效问卷4 045份,老年失智患者173例,检出率为4.2%,随着年龄升高而增加(χ_(趋势)~2=187.373,P=0.000)。女性失智检出率高于男性(4.8%,3.4%,χ~2=5.019,P=0.025)。不同教育程度、婚姻状态、生活方式,其老年失智患病率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑卒中患者老年失智检出率高于无脑卒中者(χ~2=17.461,P=0.000),其他慢性病未见与老年失智患病率有关。经过多因素回归分析,发现年龄和脑卒中(中风)是老年人失智的危险因素。【结论】与老年失智患病相关的因素有年龄、性别、婚姻状态及锻炼和读书看报等,可通过加强健康宣传和教育,促进老年人健康的生活方式来积极预防老年失智的发生或延缓疾病进程,减轻该病造成的疾病负担。
[Objective] To access the prevalence of dementia and associated factors in elderly people in Songjiang District,Shanghai. [Methods] Subjects aged 60 years and over were selected by multi-stage random sampling in this study. Questionnaire was used to collect the information about gender,age,and health status. The AD-8 and MMSE were adopted for screening senile dementia patients. And the result was statistically analyzed. [Results] Among 4 050 subjects,173 were found to have dementia, the detection rate being 4. 2%,and increased with ageing(χ~2= 187. 37,P = 0. 000). The detection rate of dementia in females(4. 8%) was higher than that in males(3. 4%)(χ~2= 5. 019,P = 0. 025). And the prevalence of dementia was found to be varied with different educational levels,marriage status,and lifestyles. Senile dementia patients with stroke had higher detection rates than those without(χ~2= 17. 461,P = 0. 000). There were no different detection rates found in dementia between elderly people with chronic disease and those without,except stroke patients(χ~2= 17. 461,P = 0. 000). Finally,age and stroke were found to be risk factors for dementia by multifactor regression analysis. [Conclusion] The occurrence of senile dementia results from different factors,such as age,gender,marital status,exercise and with or without reading habits. We should take different measures corresponding to different factors. Of allfactors,ageing is irreversible process,but we could change the way of life in elderly people to control and prevent senile dementia.
[Objective] To access the prevalence of dementia and associated factors in elderly people in Songjiang District,Shanghai. [Methods] Subjects aged 60 years and over were selected by multi-stage random sampling in this study. Questionnaire was used to collect the information about gender,age,and health status. The AD-8 and MMSE were adopted for screening senile dementia patients. And the result was statistically analyzed. [Results] Among 4 050 subjects,173 were found to have dementia, the detection rate being 4. 2%,and increased with ageing(χ~2= 187. 37,P = 0. 000). The detection rate of dementia in females(4. 8%) was higher than that in males(3. 4%)(χ~2= 5. 019,P = 0. 025). And the prevalence of dementia was found to be varied with different educational levels,marriage status,and lifestyles. Senile dementia patients with stroke had higher detection rates than those without(χ~2= 17. 461,P = 0. 000). There were no different detection rates found in dementia between elderly people with chronic disease and those without,except stroke patients(χ~2= 17. 461,P = 0. 000). Finally,age and stroke were found to be risk factors for dementia by multifactor regression analysis. [Conclusion] The occurrence of senile dementia results from different factors,such as age,gender,marital status,exercise and with or without reading habits. We should take different measures corresponding to different factors. Of allfactors,ageing is irreversible process,but we could change the way of life in elderly people to control and prevent senile dementia.
引文
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[11]吴晓光,汤哲,方向华,等.北京市社区居民老年期痴呆发病率及其危险因素研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2010,31(11):1245-1249.
[12]周敏,邓路.老年痴呆症与婚姻状况的相关性分析与预防对策[J].中外健康文摘,2011,8(21):141.
[2]程辉,黄悦勤,刘肇瑞,等.老年期痴呆流行病学研究现状[J].残疾人研究,2011(2):22-26.
[3]孙宏贤,吴逸雯,叶福林,等.上海市松江区佘山镇老年人痴呆患病率调查[J].内科理论与实践,2012,7(2):91-95.
[4]周玢,洪震,黄茂盛,等.上海市城乡人群痴呆患病率调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2001,22(5):368-371.
[5]褚爱群,梁小妞,陈英辉,等.社区老年人轻度认知功能损害和痴呆的患病率及危险因素分析[J].中国临床神经科学,2015,23(6):673-677.
[6]康美玉,高玉梅,霍红旗,等.河北省3632名城乡社区老年人慢性病及老年痴呆的现况调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2011,32(7):672-675.
[7]黄鹤鸣,陈实,赵艳杰,等.深圳社区老年人阿尔茨海默病患病情况及影响因素分析[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2014,17(13):50-52.
[8]李翀慧,杨立顺,赵岚,等.天津市北辰区某社区医院服务老人痴呆患病率流行病学调查[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(3):305-308.
[9]劳梅丽,张海英,易西南,等.海南岛阿尔茨海默病的流行病学调查[J].中国老年学杂志,2011,31(20):4016-4018.
[10]常小红,刘胜鲲.老年人认知功能障碍影响因素研究进展[J].中国现代医生,2016,54(19):161-164.
[11]吴晓光,汤哲,方向华,等.北京市社区居民老年期痴呆发病率及其危险因素研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2010,31(11):1245-1249.
[12]周敏,邓路.老年痴呆症与婚姻状况的相关性分析与预防对策[J].中外健康文摘,2011,8(21):141.