宁夏半干旱区玉米滴灌灌溉制度试验研究
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摘要
为了促进宁夏半干旱区节水灌溉技术的推广应用,本文针对宁夏扬黄灌区规模推广玉米大田滴灌缺乏相关滴灌灌溉制度的突出问题,采用大田小区对比试验与示范区技术应用监测相结合的方法,开展了玉米裸地滴灌灌溉制度试验研究。在综合分析玉米生育期灌溉定额、土壤含水率变化、耗水量、作物产量、水分生产效率的基础上,研究提出了玉米生育期滴灌11~12次、灌水定额300~450 m3/hm~2,灌溉定额4 200~4 425 m3/hm~2的滴灌灌溉制度。研究结果表明:玉米大田滴灌目标产量15 000 kg/hm~2,水分生产效率达到3.0 kg/m3,玉米滴灌较大田畦灌可提高经济效益3 735元/hm~2,同时节水1 800 m3/hm~2、节水30%以上。
In order to promote the extension and application of water-saving irrigation technology in semiarid area of Ningxia,in this paper,considering the lack of drip irrigation system in the promotion of maize field drip irrigation in Ningxia Yanghuang Irrigation District,the experimental study on the irrigation system of maize bare soil was carried out by using the method of field experiment and demonstration application. Based on the comprehensive analysis of irrigation quota,soil water content change,water consumption,crop yield and water production efficiency,the paper suggested that drip irrigation in maize growth period was 11-12 times,irrigation quota was 300-450 m~3/hm~2,and irrigation fixed volume was4 200-4 425 m3/hm~2. The results showed that the target yield of maize field drip irrigation was 15 000 kg/hm~2,the water production efficiency reached 3. 0 kg/m~3,and the corn field drip irrigation could improve the economic benefit by 3 735 m~3/hm~2. Thewater saving was 1 800 m~3/hm~2 and accounted for more than 30%.
In order to promote the extension and application of water-saving irrigation technology in semiarid area of Ningxia,in this paper,considering the lack of drip irrigation system in the promotion of maize field drip irrigation in Ningxia Yanghuang Irrigation District,the experimental study on the irrigation system of maize bare soil was carried out by using the method of field experiment and demonstration application. Based on the comprehensive analysis of irrigation quota,soil water content change,water consumption,crop yield and water production efficiency,the paper suggested that drip irrigation in maize growth period was 11-12 times,irrigation quota was 300-450 m~3/hm~2,and irrigation fixed volume was4 200-4 425 m3/hm~2. The results showed that the target yield of maize field drip irrigation was 15 000 kg/hm~2,the water production efficiency reached 3. 0 kg/m~3,and the corn field drip irrigation could improve the economic benefit by 3 735 m~3/hm~2. Thewater saving was 1 800 m~3/hm~2 and accounted for more than 30%.
引文
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[11]王茜,杨建全.宁夏引黄灌区滴灌冬小麦、玉米灌溉施制度研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(36):17585-17588.
[12]侯峥,杜军,沈振荣.宁夏引黄灌区玉米滴灌灌溉施肥一体化关键技术研究[J].节水灌溉,2012(11):9-12.
[13]李蔚新,王忠波,张忠学,等.膜下滴灌条件下玉米灌溉制度试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016(1):196-199+200.
[14]刘一龙,张忠学,郭亚芬,等.膜下滴灌条件下不同灌溉制度的玉米产量与水分利用效应[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(10):53-56.
[15]魏永华,陈丽君.膜下滴灌条件下不同灌溉制度对玉米生长状况的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(1):55-60.
[2]孙建书,陈天伟.宁夏河套引黄灌区(银北部分)主要作物畦灌节水型灌溉制度的确定[J].人民黄河,l998(S1):32-36.
[3]汤英,李金娟,韩小龙,等.宁夏中部干旱带覆膜沟灌玉米灌溉制度研究[J].节水灌溉,2014(3):9-13
[4]刘学军,王乐,张红玲,等.宁夏扬黄灌区玉米限额补充灌溉制度研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(3):30-33.
[5]范雅君,吕志远,田德龙,等.河套灌区玉米膜下滴灌灌溉制度研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):123-129.
[6]宇宙,王勇,罗迪汉.膜下滴灌玉米需水规律及优化灌溉制度研究[J].节水灌溉,2015(4):10-13.
[7]唐瑞,王怀博,徐利岗,等.宁夏中部干旱带玉米膜下滴灌灌溉制度试验研究[J].宁夏工程技术,2016,15(4):390-394.
[8]朱洁,刘学军,陆立国,等.宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄滴灌水肥一体化试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2016(8):76-81.
[9]周乾,鲍子云,王怀博,等.宁夏农牧交错带青贮玉米滴灌灌溉制度研究[J].节水灌溉,2016(9):112-116.
[10]赵自明.西北干旱缺水区大田作物滴灌灌溉制度试验[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2006,39(4):9-13.
[11]王茜,杨建全.宁夏引黄灌区滴灌冬小麦、玉米灌溉施制度研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(36):17585-17588.
[12]侯峥,杜军,沈振荣.宁夏引黄灌区玉米滴灌灌溉施肥一体化关键技术研究[J].节水灌溉,2012(11):9-12.
[13]李蔚新,王忠波,张忠学,等.膜下滴灌条件下玉米灌溉制度试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016(1):196-199+200.
[14]刘一龙,张忠学,郭亚芬,等.膜下滴灌条件下不同灌溉制度的玉米产量与水分利用效应[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(10):53-56.
[15]魏永华,陈丽君.膜下滴灌条件下不同灌溉制度对玉米生长状况的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(1):55-60.