不同灌水定额对膜下滴灌玉米的生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响
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摘要
探究适宜多砾石砂土地区膜下滴灌玉米高产、高效节水的灌溉制度,针对该地区滴灌玉米缺乏相关灌溉制度的突出问题,采用大田小区对比试验的方法,研究不同灌水定额(300 m3/hm2(W1)、375 m3/hm2(W2)、450m3/hm2(W3)、525 m3/hm2(W4)、600 m3/hm2(W5))对玉米生理指标、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:提高灌水定额对玉米生理指标有促进作用,能够加速籽粒发育;灌水定额与产量、水分利用效率呈单峰曲线变化,与耗水量呈线性变化。灌水定额大于525 m3/hm2时,对生理指标和产量无显著影响。灌水定额低于450 m3/hm2时,作物生长发育受到抑制,严重影响了产量构成要素,使玉米最终产量受到限制。在W4处理下产量与水分利用效率达到峰值。综合试验分析表明,在多砾石砂土地区选择灌水定额为525 m3/hm2的灌溉制度较适宜。
In order to explore the high yield,high efficiency and water saving irrigation system of drip irrigation maize under mulch and solve the severe problem of lacking of related irrigation system in drip irrigation maize in the area of multiple gravel sandy soil,this paper studies the effect of different irrigation quota( 300 m3/hm2( W1) 、375 m3/hm2( W2) 、450 m3/hm2( W3) 、525 m3/hm2( W4) 、600 m3/hm2( W5)) on physiological index,yield and water use efficiency of maize by means of field plot contrast test. The results showed that increased irrigation quota can promote physiological index of maize and accelerate grain development. Irrigation quota and yield,water use efficiency showed a single peak curve change,and have a linear relationship with water consumption. When irrigation quota was more than 525 m3/hm2,physiological index and yield had no significant influence. When the irrigation norm was less than 450 m3/hm2,the growth and development of crops was inhibited,the yield components were seriously affected,and the final yield of maize was restricted. Under the W4 treatment,the yield and water use efficiency reached the peak. The comprehensive test and analysis showed that the irrigation schedule with irrigation quota of 525 m3/hm2 was more suitable in the multiple gravel sandy soil area.
In order to explore the high yield,high efficiency and water saving irrigation system of drip irrigation maize under mulch and solve the severe problem of lacking of related irrigation system in drip irrigation maize in the area of multiple gravel sandy soil,this paper studies the effect of different irrigation quota( 300 m3/hm2( W1) 、375 m3/hm2( W2) 、450 m3/hm2( W3) 、525 m3/hm2( W4) 、600 m3/hm2( W5)) on physiological index,yield and water use efficiency of maize by means of field plot contrast test. The results showed that increased irrigation quota can promote physiological index of maize and accelerate grain development. Irrigation quota and yield,water use efficiency showed a single peak curve change,and have a linear relationship with water consumption. When irrigation quota was more than 525 m3/hm2,physiological index and yield had no significant influence. When the irrigation norm was less than 450 m3/hm2,the growth and development of crops was inhibited,the yield components were seriously affected,and the final yield of maize was restricted. Under the W4 treatment,the yield and water use efficiency reached the peak. The comprehensive test and analysis showed that the irrigation schedule with irrigation quota of 525 m3/hm2 was more suitable in the multiple gravel sandy soil area.
引文
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[13]唐光木,何红,杨金钰,等.灌溉定额对膜下滴灌玉米生理性状及产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):293-297.
[14]赵楠,黄兴法,任夏楠,等.宁夏引黄灌区膜下滴灌春玉米需水规律试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(Z1):31-34.
[15]蔡焕杰,康绍忠.作物调亏灌溉的适宜时间与调亏程度的研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(3):24-27.
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[18]李余良,郑锦荣,胡建广,等.水分胁迫对甜玉米主要农艺性状及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(9):217-221.
[19]王小燕,褚鹏飞,于振文.水氮互作对小麦土壤硝态氮运移及水、氮利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):992-1002.
[20]刘浩,孙景生,张寄阳,等.耕作方式和水分处理对棉花生产及水分利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):164-168.
[21]宫亮,孙文涛,隽英华,等.补充灌溉对玉米生理指标及水分利用效率的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(1):9-11+15.
[22]柴孟竹,李钊,秦东玲,等.乙烯利对玉米茎秆抗倒伏性的调控效应[J].玉米科学,2017,25(6):63-72.
[23]李凯,张晓祥,管中荣,等.玉米株高和穗位高的全基因组关联分析[J].玉米科学,2017,25(6):1-7.
[24]张淑杰,张玉书,纪瑞鹏,等.水分胁迫对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):68-72.
[25]黄晓俊,于飞,敖芹.干旱对玉米生长及产量影响的试验研究[J].贵州气象,2012,36(6):25-28.
[2]钱正安,吴统文,宋敏红,等.干旱灾害和我国西北干旱气候的研究进展及问题[J].地球科学进展,2001(1):28-38.
[3]张江辉,白云岗,张胜江,等.新疆农业高效节水技术发展现状与重点研究的问题[J].新疆水利,2010(1):33-39.
[4]GIACOMONI M H,KANTA L,ZECHMAN E M. Complex adaptive systems approach to simulate the sustainability of water resources and urbanization[J]. Journal of Water Resources Planning&Management,2013,139(5):554-564.
[5]贾嵘,沈冰.水资源可持续开发利用与管理研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(4):85-89.
[6]李真朴,刘学军,翟汝伟,等.宁夏半干旱区玉米滴灌灌溉制度试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(5):242-246.
[7]董宝娣,张正斌,刘孟雨,等.小麦不同品种的水分利用特性及对灌溉制度的响应[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(9):27-33.
[8]段爱旺,张寄阳.中国灌溉农田粮食作物水分利用效率的研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(4):41-44.
[9]解文艳,樊贵盛,周怀平,等.秸秆还田方式对旱地玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(11):60-67.
[10]周伟,徐宝山.不同水分处理对玉米生理生长指标及产量的影响[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2016,52(3):11-14.
[11]牛晓丽,胡田田,刘亭亭,等.适度局部水分胁迫提高玉米根系吸水能力[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(22):80-86.
[12]李蔚新,王忠波,张忠学,等.膜下滴灌条件下玉米灌溉制度试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(1):196-200.
[13]唐光木,何红,杨金钰,等.灌溉定额对膜下滴灌玉米生理性状及产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):293-297.
[14]赵楠,黄兴法,任夏楠,等.宁夏引黄灌区膜下滴灌春玉米需水规律试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(Z1):31-34.
[15]蔡焕杰,康绍忠.作物调亏灌溉的适宜时间与调亏程度的研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(3):24-27.
[16]EL-HENDAWY S E,EL-LATTIEF E A A,AHMED M S,et al. Irrigation rate and plant density effects on yield and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated corn[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2008,95(7):836-844.
[17]江水艳.浅谈阿勒泰地区节水灌溉可持续发展[J].新疆水利,2009(6):17-18+23.
[18]李余良,郑锦荣,胡建广,等.水分胁迫对甜玉米主要农艺性状及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(9):217-221.
[19]王小燕,褚鹏飞,于振文.水氮互作对小麦土壤硝态氮运移及水、氮利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):992-1002.
[20]刘浩,孙景生,张寄阳,等.耕作方式和水分处理对棉花生产及水分利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):164-168.
[21]宫亮,孙文涛,隽英华,等.补充灌溉对玉米生理指标及水分利用效率的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(1):9-11+15.
[22]柴孟竹,李钊,秦东玲,等.乙烯利对玉米茎秆抗倒伏性的调控效应[J].玉米科学,2017,25(6):63-72.
[23]李凯,张晓祥,管中荣,等.玉米株高和穗位高的全基因组关联分析[J].玉米科学,2017,25(6):1-7.
[24]张淑杰,张玉书,纪瑞鹏,等.水分胁迫对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):68-72.
[25]黄晓俊,于飞,敖芹.干旱对玉米生长及产量影响的试验研究[J].贵州气象,2012,36(6):25-28.