基于翻译实践的科幻小说中的回译研究
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摘要
《高城堡里的人》翻译的难点之一就是对文中《易经》内容的回译。这些内容既体现东方文化,又引导情节发展,因此至关重要。回译是翻译研究中的特殊话题,其翻译原则、翻译方法和功能都和普通翻译有所不同,一般认为,复原是回译的最好方法。本文根据翻译菲利普·迪克的科幻代表作《高城堡里的人》的实践,在充分例证分析的基础上,提出回译的方法应该由被翻译文本的文本类型、回译的对象和读者的认知能力来决定。本次实践的回译分为两类:一类是术语的翻译,另一类是爻辞和卦辞的翻译。案例分析说明,科幻小说中典籍术语的翻译可以采用复原的方法,爻辞和卦辞的翻译可以采用意译加注脚的方法,这样可以使得译文成为意义连贯、可读性较强的文本。
One of the difficulties in translating The Man in the High Castle is the back translation of quotations from The Book of Changes. On the one hand,these quotations guide the development of the plot in the novel; on the other hand,they feature oriental culture. Therefore, their translation is of vital importance to the translation of the novel as a whole. Back-translation is a special topic in translation studies, whose principles, methods and functions are different from those of general translation. It is generally held by many translation scholars that restoring the original content is the best way for back-translation. Based on the practice of the author of this paper, it is argued that the use of back-translation is determined by the type of the text to be translated, the target content to be back-translated and the target reader. In this paper, the back translation is classified into two types. One is the translation of special terms, and the other is the translation of horizontal lines and hexagrams. The analysis of the examples shows that the back-translation embedded in the translation of science fiction can be done by means of liberal translation and restoration plus footnotes. In this way, the translated text can be more coherent and readable than it is done otherwise.
One of the difficulties in translating The Man in the High Castle is the back translation of quotations from The Book of Changes. On the one hand,these quotations guide the development of the plot in the novel; on the other hand,they feature oriental culture. Therefore, their translation is of vital importance to the translation of the novel as a whole. Back-translation is a special topic in translation studies, whose principles, methods and functions are different from those of general translation. It is generally held by many translation scholars that restoring the original content is the best way for back-translation. Based on the practice of the author of this paper, it is argued that the use of back-translation is determined by the type of the text to be translated, the target content to be back-translated and the target reader. In this paper, the back translation is classified into two types. One is the translation of special terms, and the other is the translation of horizontal lines and hexagrams. The analysis of the examples shows that the back-translation embedded in the translation of science fiction can be done by means of liberal translation and restoration plus footnotes. In this way, the translated text can be more coherent and readable than it is done otherwise.
引文
[1]Dick P.The Man in the High Castle[M].London:Penguin Books Ltd.,1965.
[2]Newmark P.A Textbook of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
[3]Shuttleworth M&Cowie M.Dictionary of Translation Studies[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004.
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[5]Snell-Hornby M.The Turns of Translation Studies:New Paradigms or Shifting Viewpoints?[M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2006.
[6]方梦之.中国译学大辞典[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2011:97.
[7]冯全功.文学翻译中的整体细译与整体细评--从霍译《红楼梦》分卷标题的汉译谈起[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2016,38(6):60~70.
[8]菲立普·狄克.城堡里的男人[M].徐崇亮,王正琪译.桂林:漓江出版社,2001.
[9]菲利普·迪克.高城堡里的人[M].李广荣译.南京:译林出版社,2013.
[10]傅佩荣.易经入门:占卦解卦[M].长沙:湖南文艺出版社,2011.
[11]郭建中.翻译:理论、实践与教学──郭建中翻译研究论文选[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2010.
[12]贺显斌.回译的类型、特点与运用方法[J].中国科技翻译,2002,15(4):45~47,54.
[13]思果.翻译研究[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2000.
[14]王宏印,江慧敏.京华旧事,译坛烟云──Moment in Peking的异语创作与无根回译[J].外语与外语教学,2012(2):65~69.
[15]王宪明.返朴归真最是信──由几处经典引文回译所想到的[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1994(4):72~76.
[16]周晶,何元建.归化作为一种翻译策略的运用及其认知基础[J].中国翻译,2010(6):58~63.
(1)下文选自The Man in the High Castle的英文原文均只标页码。
[2]Newmark P.A Textbook of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
[3]Shuttleworth M&Cowie M.Dictionary of Translation Studies[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004.
[4]Snell-Hornby M.Translation Studies:An Integrated Approach[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.
[5]Snell-Hornby M.The Turns of Translation Studies:New Paradigms or Shifting Viewpoints?[M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2006.
[6]方梦之.中国译学大辞典[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2011:97.
[7]冯全功.文学翻译中的整体细译与整体细评--从霍译《红楼梦》分卷标题的汉译谈起[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2016,38(6):60~70.
[8]菲立普·狄克.城堡里的男人[M].徐崇亮,王正琪译.桂林:漓江出版社,2001.
[9]菲利普·迪克.高城堡里的人[M].李广荣译.南京:译林出版社,2013.
[10]傅佩荣.易经入门:占卦解卦[M].长沙:湖南文艺出版社,2011.
[11]郭建中.翻译:理论、实践与教学──郭建中翻译研究论文选[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2010.
[12]贺显斌.回译的类型、特点与运用方法[J].中国科技翻译,2002,15(4):45~47,54.
[13]思果.翻译研究[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2000.
[14]王宏印,江慧敏.京华旧事,译坛烟云──Moment in Peking的异语创作与无根回译[J].外语与外语教学,2012(2):65~69.
[15]王宪明.返朴归真最是信──由几处经典引文回译所想到的[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1994(4):72~76.
[16]周晶,何元建.归化作为一种翻译策略的运用及其认知基础[J].中国翻译,2010(6):58~63.
(1)下文选自The Man in the High Castle的英文原文均只标页码。