投喂不同饵料对长薄鳅生长的影响
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摘要
在水温18.6～21.6℃条件下,将初始体质量为(3.91±0.22) g的长薄鳅幼鱼随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼,饲养在圆形玻纤缸(直径1 m、高0.8 m)中,分别投喂刀额新对虾、鳙鱼、配合饲料(粗蛋白≥46.0%)、虾+饲料、鱼+饲料5种饵料,以筛选适宜于长薄鳅幼鱼的适宜饵料投喂模式。75 d的饲养结果表明,不同投喂模式对长薄鳅的存活率无显著性影响(P>0.05),而对长薄鳅的生长影响显著(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,虾组、鱼组、饲料组、鱼+饲料组的长薄鳅最终体质量无显著性差异(P>0.05),但虾+饲料组最终体质量和体质量特定生长率显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),依次为虾+饲料组>饲料组>虾组>鱼组、鱼+饲料组。5个试验组鱼的体长特定生长率无显著性差异(P>0.05),依次为虾+饲料组>虾组>饲料组、鱼+饲料组>鱼组。试验结束时,各试验组鱼的生长离散均有所升高,生长离散变化依次为鱼组>鱼+饲料组>饲料组>虾组>虾+饲料组。各试验组长薄鳅的的摄食率差异显著(P<0.05),摄食率依次为鱼组>虾组>鱼+饲料组>虾+饲料组>饲料组;虾组和鱼组的饵料系数无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),其他3组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同投喂模式下长薄鳅幼鱼的生长系数b值均小于3,呈负异速生长,但虾+饲料组的长薄鳅幼鱼生长系数b值最大。试验过程中各组鱼的肥满度均下降。研究结果显示,在本试验的不同饵料投喂模式中,投喂虾+饲料更利于长薄鳅的摄食和生长。
Juvenile elongate loach Leptobotia elongata with body weight of(3.91±0.22) g were reared in a circular glass fiber cylinder with diameter of 1 m and height of 0.8 m and fed 5 diets including shrimp Metapenaeus ensis, bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis, formulated feed(crude protein ≥46.0%), shrimp + formulated feed, and fish + formulated feed at a water temperature from 18.6 ℃ to 21.6 ℃ for 75 d with 3 replicates in order to evaluate the effects of different diets on growth performance of elongate loach juveniles. The results showed that there was no significant effect of diet types on the survival rate(P>0.05), with significant effect of diet types on the growth of the juveniles. There was significantly higher final body weight in the juveniles fed the diet of shrimp + formulated feed than that in the juveniles fed the other 4 diets(P<0.05), as the descending order of final body weight being described as the juveniles fed the diet of shrimp + formulated feed>juveniles fed the formulated feed>juveniles fed the shrimp>juveniles fed the fish, and juveniles fed the diet of the fish+ formulated feed, though without significant difference in the final body weight in the other 4 groups. The juveniles fed the shrimp + formulated feed diet had significantly higher specific growth rate in body weight than the animals fed the other 4 diets did(P<0.05), with the order as shrimp + feed group > feed group > shrimp group > fish group and fish + feed group, without significant differences in body length growth rate among the 5 groups(P>0.05). The elevated growth discrepancies were observed among the groups at the end of the experiment, with the order as fish group> fish + feed group> feed group> shrimp group> shrimp + feed group. There was a significant difference in food intake among the experimental groups(P<0.05), with the order as fish group> shrimp group> fish + feed group> shrimp + feed group> feed group. There was no significant difference in food conversion efficient between the juveniles fed the shrimp and the juveniles fed the fish(P>0.05), significantly higher than that in other three groups(P<0.05). The juveniles among the experimental groups all had allometric growth factor b values of less than 3, showing negative allometric growth, with the maximal b value in the juveniles fed the diet of the shrimp + feed, and low condition factors during the test. The findings suggest that the combination of shrimp and formulated feed is more conducive to the feeding and growth of elongate loach in the different feeding modes.
Juvenile elongate loach Leptobotia elongata with body weight of(3.91±0.22) g were reared in a circular glass fiber cylinder with diameter of 1 m and height of 0.8 m and fed 5 diets including shrimp Metapenaeus ensis, bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis, formulated feed(crude protein ≥46.0%), shrimp + formulated feed, and fish + formulated feed at a water temperature from 18.6 ℃ to 21.6 ℃ for 75 d with 3 replicates in order to evaluate the effects of different diets on growth performance of elongate loach juveniles. The results showed that there was no significant effect of diet types on the survival rate(P>0.05), with significant effect of diet types on the growth of the juveniles. There was significantly higher final body weight in the juveniles fed the diet of shrimp + formulated feed than that in the juveniles fed the other 4 diets(P<0.05), as the descending order of final body weight being described as the juveniles fed the diet of shrimp + formulated feed>juveniles fed the formulated feed>juveniles fed the shrimp>juveniles fed the fish, and juveniles fed the diet of the fish+ formulated feed, though without significant difference in the final body weight in the other 4 groups. The juveniles fed the shrimp + formulated feed diet had significantly higher specific growth rate in body weight than the animals fed the other 4 diets did(P<0.05), with the order as shrimp + feed group > feed group > shrimp group > fish group and fish + feed group, without significant differences in body length growth rate among the 5 groups(P>0.05). The elevated growth discrepancies were observed among the groups at the end of the experiment, with the order as fish group> fish + feed group> feed group> shrimp group> shrimp + feed group. There was a significant difference in food intake among the experimental groups(P<0.05), with the order as fish group> shrimp group> fish + feed group> shrimp + feed group> feed group. There was no significant difference in food conversion efficient between the juveniles fed the shrimp and the juveniles fed the fish(P>0.05), significantly higher than that in other three groups(P<0.05). The juveniles among the experimental groups all had allometric growth factor b values of less than 3, showing negative allometric growth, with the maximal b value in the juveniles fed the diet of the shrimp + feed, and low condition factors during the test. The findings suggest that the combination of shrimp and formulated feed is more conducive to the feeding and growth of elongate loach in the different feeding modes.
引文
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[9] 李启亮,苏跃朋.不同饵料对云斑尖塘鳢幼鱼摄食生长和消化的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2014,44(6):34-39.
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[11] 冯广鹏,庄平,章龙珍,等.人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼摄食不同饵料的转化效率与生长特性[J]. 生态学杂志,2009,28(12):2526-2531.
[12] 邵俭,谢从新,许静,等.不同饵料对3种西藏鱼类仔鱼生长及存活的影响[J].淡水渔业,2012,42(6):49-53.
[13] 郑乐云.不同饵料对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长、存活的影响[J].台湾海峡,2004,23(3):341-346.
[14] 刘志峰,高小强,于久翔,等.不同饵料对美洲西鲱仔鱼生长、相关酶活力及体脂肪酸的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(1):97-107.
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[16] 李芹,刁晓明.不同饵料对瓦氏黄颡鱼稚鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(1):98-102.
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[18] 孙丽华,陈浩如,黄洪辉,等.摄食水平和饵料种类对军曹鱼幼鱼生长及氮收支的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(4):94-101.
[19] 孙存军.饵料类型和投喂频率对鳡幼鱼摄食、生长、肌肉成分和消化酶活力的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2011.
[20] 殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
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[22] Silvia H L, S Beatrice P F. Age structure and growth of the dusky damselfish, Stegastes fuscus, from Tamandare reefs, Pernambuco, Brazil [J]. Environmental Biology of Fishes,2002,63(1):79-88.
[23] 史方,林小涛,孙军,等.人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼摄食不同饵料的转化效率与生长特性[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(12):2526-2531.
[24] 石振广,董双林,鲁宏申,等.人工养殖条件下达氏鳇杂交种幼鱼生长特性的初步研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2008,38(1):33-38.
[2] 刘军.长江上游特有鱼类受威胁及优先保护顺序的定量分析[J].中国环境科学,2004,24(4):395-399.
[3] 王志坚,殷江霞,张耀光.长薄鳅的精巢发育和精子发生[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(1):3-9.
[4] 梁银铨,胡小建,虞功亮,等.长薄鳅仔稚鱼发育和生长的研究[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(1):96-100.
[5] 李凤杰,曾令清,黄小铭,等.长薄鳅幼鱼消化道指数和消化酶活性研究[J].淡水渔业,2012,42(3):10-13.
[6] 黄小铭,张耀光,江星,等.长薄鳅外周血细胞的显微结构和细胞化学特征研究[J].四川动物,2012,31(1):59-63.
[7] 周剑,杜军,刘光迅,等.4种常用药物对长薄鳅幼鱼的急性毒性试验研究[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(5):1920-1924.
[8] 叶建生,赵素珍,陈小江,等.不同饵料对胭脂鱼生长和肠道消化酶活性的影响[J].水产科学,2017,36(1):109-112.
[9] 李启亮,苏跃朋.不同饵料对云斑尖塘鳢幼鱼摄食生长和消化的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2014,44(6):34-39.
[10] 赵月月,赵健蓉,胡佐灿,等.不同饵料对稀有鲫仔稚鱼生长、消化道及消化酶的影响[J].水生生物学报,2018,42(1):114-122.
[11] 冯广鹏,庄平,章龙珍,等.人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼摄食不同饵料的转化效率与生长特性[J]. 生态学杂志,2009,28(12):2526-2531.
[12] 邵俭,谢从新,许静,等.不同饵料对3种西藏鱼类仔鱼生长及存活的影响[J].淡水渔业,2012,42(6):49-53.
[13] 郑乐云.不同饵料对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长、存活的影响[J].台湾海峡,2004,23(3):341-346.
[14] 刘志峰,高小强,于久翔,等.不同饵料对美洲西鲱仔鱼生长、相关酶活力及体脂肪酸的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(1):97-107.
[15] 陈代宇,梁正其,覃应梅.不同饵料对月鳢幼鱼生长的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(15):123-125.
[16] 李芹,刁晓明.不同饵料对瓦氏黄颡鱼稚鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(1):98-102.
[17] 库么梅,温小波.长薄鳅生物学特征的初步研究[J].湖北农学院学报,1997,17(1):40-43.
[18] 孙丽华,陈浩如,黄洪辉,等.摄食水平和饵料种类对军曹鱼幼鱼生长及氮收支的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(4):94-101.
[19] 孙存军.饵料类型和投喂频率对鳡幼鱼摄食、生长、肌肉成分和消化酶活力的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2011.
[20] 殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[21] 李思发.中国淡水主要养殖鱼类种质研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998.
[22] Silvia H L, S Beatrice P F. Age structure and growth of the dusky damselfish, Stegastes fuscus, from Tamandare reefs, Pernambuco, Brazil [J]. Environmental Biology of Fishes,2002,63(1):79-88.
[23] 史方,林小涛,孙军,等.人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼摄食不同饵料的转化效率与生长特性[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(12):2526-2531.
[24] 石振广,董双林,鲁宏申,等.人工养殖条件下达氏鳇杂交种幼鱼生长特性的初步研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2008,38(1):33-38.