美国一流大学的教师队伍建设
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摘要
进入新世纪以来,我国高等教育经历了一个由快速发展到平稳发展的过程,但教师队伍整体素质有待进一步提高。随着《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》的颁布实施,全面提高高等教育质量和建设高素质教师队伍已经被摆在十分重要的位置。美国拥有一大批世界一流大学,积累了丰富的教师队伍建设经验。美国一流大学的教师队伍建设主要采取以下措施:执行严格的教师准入机制,从源头上保证教师的质量;制定专业的教师培训体系,促进教师专业的可持续发展;平衡教学与科研发展路径,注重内部运作机制的科学设计;建立健全的教师评价制度,激发工作热情和提升工作绩效。深入剖析美国一流大学教师队伍建设的举措,对于全面提高我国高等教育质量和建设高素质教师队伍具有重要借鉴意义。
Since the beginning of the new century, higher education in China has experienced a process from rapid development to steady development, but the overall quality of faculties needs to be further improved. With the publish of China's National Plan for Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development, the comprehensive improvement of the higher education, and the construction of high-quality faculties have become a priority work. The overall quality of higher education in the United States of America is much higher, and it has accumulated rich experience in the construction of high-quality faculty teams. The following measures have been found to be taken for the construction of faculties in the top universities in the USA, such as implementing strict enrollment of teachers to ensure the quality from the source, establishing a professional training system for teachers to promote the sustainable and professional development, keeping balance between the development path of teaching and scientific research, scientifically designing internal operating mechanism, establishing of scientific teachers' evaluation system, and stimulating work enthusiasm to improve the performance of teachers. Therefore,it is necessary to deeply study the thoughts and measures of the USA, so as to shed enlightenment on the improvement of the quality of higher education and the construction of high-quality faculties in China.
Since the beginning of the new century, higher education in China has experienced a process from rapid development to steady development, but the overall quality of faculties needs to be further improved. With the publish of China's National Plan for Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development, the comprehensive improvement of the higher education, and the construction of high-quality faculties have become a priority work. The overall quality of higher education in the United States of America is much higher, and it has accumulated rich experience in the construction of high-quality faculty teams. The following measures have been found to be taken for the construction of faculties in the top universities in the USA, such as implementing strict enrollment of teachers to ensure the quality from the source, establishing a professional training system for teachers to promote the sustainable and professional development, keeping balance between the development path of teaching and scientific research, scientifically designing internal operating mechanism, establishing of scientific teachers' evaluation system, and stimulating work enthusiasm to improve the performance of teachers. Therefore,it is necessary to deeply study the thoughts and measures of the USA, so as to shed enlightenment on the improvement of the quality of higher education and the construction of high-quality faculties in China.
引文
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[2]上海交通大学. 2018世界大学学术排名五百强[EB/OL].http://www.shanghairanking.cn/ARWU-Statistics-2018.html, 2018-09-28.
[3] THE. World University Rankings 2019[EB/OL].https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/world-ranking, 2019-11-28.
[4] Stanford School of Medicine. Guide to Faculty Searches[EB/OL]. http://med.stanford.edu/academicaffairs.html,2018-10-09.
[5] James Madison University. Faculty Recruitment Handbook[EB/OL].http://www.jmu.edu/humanresources/cpc/policy.shtml, 2018-10-10.
[6] Duke Human Resources. Frequently Asked Questions[EB/OL]. https://hr.duke.edu/careers/faq,2018-10-21.
[7] The University of Chicago. Recruitment and SelectionProcess[EB/OL]. http://hrservices.uchicago.edu/fpg/policies/200/p202.shtml,2018-11-08.
[8] Jerome Peter Lynch and Kincho H. Law. DecentralizedControl Techniques for Large-scale Civil StructuralSystems[EB/OL].http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jerlynch/papers/IMACXXPaper2Control.pdf,2018-09-15
[9] Tufts University. Training[EB/OL].http://www.tufts.edu/home/faculty_staff/training/,2018-09-15.
[10] Robert J. Menges. Experiences of newly hired faculty[C].//In L. Richlin. To Improve the Academy. Stillwater:TheProfessional and Organizational Development Network inHigher Education, 1996.
[11] Rice University.RiceLeaders Curriculum[EB/OL].http://training.rice.edu/training-professional-development/supervisor-development/,2018-09-18.
[12] Tony Morden. Principles of Management[M]. Burlington:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2004.
[13]钱小龙,汪霞.大学文化视野下卡内基梅隆大学开放教育资源的发展研究[J].高等工程教育研究,2016(2).
[14] Council on International Educational Exchange. FacultyDevelopment Grants&Awards[EB/OL]. http://www.ciee.org/ifds/fees-funding/faculty-development.aspx,2013-01-18.
[15] Quentin Vicens, Philip E Bourne. Ten Simple Rules ToCombine Teaching and Research[J]. PLoS ComputationalBiology,2009(4).
[16] Center For Teaching and Learning. The TeachingAssistant’s Role[EB/OL]. https://cardinalatwork.stanford.edu/learning-stanford/tuition-training-assistance/stap,2018-09-15.
[17] Boston College. Buying Out Courses through Grants[EB/OL]. https://www.bc.edu/publications/fachbk/,2018-09-16.
[18]钱小龙,汪霞.大学文化视野下麻省理工学院开放教育资源发展研究[J].中国高教研究,2014(9).
[19] The University of Tennessee,Knoxville.Manual for FacultyEvaluation[EB/OL].https://provost.utk.edu/faculty-evaluation-manual/,2018-09-18.
[20] Texas State University(San Marcos). Faculty Evaluation[EB/OL]. http://www.hhp.txstate.edu/Services/Policies-and-Procedures/Faculty-Evaluation.html,2018-09-18.
[21] Lane Community College. Faculty Evaluation Handbook(2012-2013)[EB/OL]. https://www.lanecc.edu/hr,2018-09-18.
[22]国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020年)[EB/OL]. http://old.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/info_list/201407/xxgk_171904.html,2018-09-28
[23]国务院关于全面深化新时代教师队伍建设改革的意见[EB/OL]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/moe_1946/fj_2018/201801/t20180131_326148.html,2018-11-28
[24]钱小龙,汪霞.大学文化作用于开放教育资源发展的特征分析[J].现代远距离教育,2015(3).