贵州省印江县洞穴型蝙蝠的物种多样性与保护
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摘要
2014年8月至2016年9月,对贵州省印江县39个洞穴蝙蝠的种类、数量及分布进行调查,发现29个洞穴中有蝙蝠栖息痕迹,确定现时栖息物种的活洞穴有24个。本次野外调查共观察到蝙蝠360余只,经鉴定隶属3科10种,其中近危(NT)物种和无危物种(LC)各5种。在24个蝙蝠栖息洞穴中,处于自然状态的洞穴有15个,轻度干扰的4个,重度干扰的5个。这说明该地区许多蝙蝠栖息的洞穴都没有得到较好的保护。鉴于此情,我们建议对全省翼手目动物栖息的所有洞穴立即采取必要的封锁等保护措施,加强对民众的保护宣传教育,切实保护好贵州省蝙蝠资源。
From August 2014 to September 2016,we surveyed bat diversity,numbers and distribution in Yinjiang County,Guizhou Province. In total, we investigated 39 caves and bats were found in 29 caves,and the specimens from 24 caves were identified. Overall,360 bats of 10 species and three families were recorded. Among these,five species are listed as "near threatened( NT) "while another five are listed as"least concern( LC) "species in China Species Red List.According to the exploitation situation of caves and frequency of human activities,the interference degree of these caves was estimated at three levels,five caves have been seriously disturbed,four caves disturbed slightly and 15 caves maintained natural conditions. Currently,most caves in the region are not well protected from human activities. We recommend that caves should be protected for bats and the conservation awareness of local residents should be strengthened through education programs.
From August 2014 to September 2016,we surveyed bat diversity,numbers and distribution in Yinjiang County,Guizhou Province. In total, we investigated 39 caves and bats were found in 29 caves,and the specimens from 24 caves were identified. Overall,360 bats of 10 species and three families were recorded. Among these,five species are listed as "near threatened( NT) "while another five are listed as"least concern( LC) "species in China Species Red List.According to the exploitation situation of caves and frequency of human activities,the interference degree of these caves was estimated at three levels,five caves have been seriously disturbed,four caves disturbed slightly and 15 caves maintained natural conditions. Currently,most caves in the region are not well protected from human activities. We recommend that caves should be protected for bats and the conservation awareness of local residents should be strengthened through education programs.
引文
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[3]蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,等.中国哺乳动物多样性[J].生物多样性,2015,23(3):351-364.
[4]Zhou Zhaomin,Guillén-Servent A,Lim B K,et al.A new species from southwestern China in the Afro-Palearctic lineage of the Horseshoe bats(Rhinolophus)[J].Journal of Mammalogy,2009,90(1),57-73.
[5]Eger J L,Lim B K.Three new species of Murina from southern China(Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae)[J].Acta Chiropterologica,2011,13(2):227-243.
[6]He Fang,Xiao Ning,Zhou Jiang.A new species of Murina from China(Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae)[J].Cave Research,2015,2(2):1-5.
[7]杨天友.贵州省翼手类名录修订[J].生物多样性,2016,24(8):957-962.
[8]周政贤,杨业勤.梵净山研究[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1990:428-436.
[9]谢家骅,辜永河,罗蓉.梵净山地区兽类调查报告[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,1977(3):95-105.
[10]何芳.贵州梵净山小型哺乳动物物种多样性研究[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2015.
[11]印江土家族苗族自治县概况编写组.印江土家族苗族自治县概况[M].贵阳:贵州民族出版社,2007.
[12]Furman A,zgül A.Distribution of cave-dwelling bats and conservation status of underground habitats in the Istanbul area[J].Ecological Research,2002,17(1):69-77.
[13]杨天友,侯秀发,王应祥,等.中国南方喀斯特荔波世界自然遗产地翼手目物种多样性与保护现状[J].生物多样性,2014,22(3):385-391.
[14]杨天友,黄俊坛,侯秀发,等.贵州省江口县洞穴型蝙蝠的物种多样性与保护现状[J].四川动物,2016,35(3):475-480.
[15]卜艳珍,王艳梅,刘伟,等.河南省洞栖蝙蝠的多样性与保护[J].兽类学报,2014,34(3):252-261.
[16]罗蓉.贵州兽类志[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1993:64-149.
[17]史密斯,解焱.中国兽类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2009:269-358.
[18]潘清华,王应祥,岩崑.中国哺乳动物彩色图鉴[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007:41-76.
[19]盛和林.中国哺乳动物图鉴[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2005:76-145.
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[21]蒋志刚.中国哺乳动物多样性及地理分布[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[22]张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:259
[23]International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)(2016)IUCN red list of threatened species[DB/OL].[2017-01-01].http://www.iucnredlist.org/.
[24]周江,杨天友.贵州省松桃县东部地区翼手目物种多样性[J].动物学杂志,2010,45(2):52-59.
[25]刘少英,刘洋,孙治宇.四川溪洛渡水库库区雷波至金阳段翼手类调查[J].四川动物,2005,24(4):602-603.
[26]刘志霄,张佑祥,张礼标.中国翼手目动物区系分类与分布研究进展、趋势与前景[J].动物学研究,2013,34(6):687-693.
[27]罗健,高红英.重庆市翼手类调查及保护建议[J].四川动物,2002,21(1):45-46.
[28]吴毅,张成菊,梁智文,等.广州市区翼手类物种多样性的研究[J].广州大学学报:自然科学版,2007,6(2):14-17.
[29]李玉春,陈忠,龙育儒,等.海南岛马鞍岭火山口地区翼手目物种多样性[J].动物学杂志,2006,41(3):106-109.
[30]黄继展,谭梁静,杨剑,等.澳门翼手类物种多样性调查[J].兽类学报,2013,33(2):123-132.
[31]杨天友,冉辉,邓军勇,等.贵州省铜仁市区翼手目动物的物种多样性与保护现状[J].野生动物学报,2016,37(3):246-251.
[32]吴毅,易祖盛,江海声,等.广东英德石门台自然保护区啮齿类及翼手类物种多样性研究[J].广州大学学报:自然科学版,2002,1(2):21-26.
[33]吴毅,易祖盛,江海声.广东杨东山十二度水省级自然保护区啮齿类、翼手类物种多样性初步研究[J].四川动物,2004,23(2):104-107.
[34]牛红星,卢全伟,王理顺,等.河南太行山国家级猕猴自然保护区翼手类初步研究[J].河南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(2):90-93.
[35]张昌友,王晓云,赖辉莲,等.江西九连山国家级自然保护区树栖蝙蝠资源调查初报[J].安徽林业科技,2016,42(6):21-23.
[36]黎道洪,罗蓉.黔中地区岩溶洞穴翼手类的初步调查及部分生态观察[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2002,20(2):41-45.
[37]石红艳,刘昊,吴毅,等.四川绵阳洞栖蝙蝠多样性及受胁现状[J].四川动物,2006,25(1):128-131.
[38]刘伟,王延校,何新焕,等.太行山南段洞栖蝙蝠的分布及栖息地重要性分析[J].兽类学报,2011,31(4):371-379.
[39]孙振国,牛红星,王念伟,等.河南桐柏山区洞穴蝙蝠的初步调查[J].医学动物防制,2006,22(10):755-757.
[40]余文华,范凤兰,江海声,等.海南五指山洞穴蝙蝠对夏季栖息地的选择[J].广东林业科技,2015,31(5):74-79.
[41]叶复华,张昌友,张祖福,等.江西九连山自然保护区洞穴型蝙蝠的多样性与保护[J].南方林业科学,2017,45(2):39-41,52.
[42]王延校.云南省南部地区洞栖洞穴蝙蝠初步调查[D].新乡:河南师范大学,2012.
[43]李玉春,蒙以航,张利存,等.中国翼手目地理分布的环境因子影响分析[J].动物学报,2005,51(3):413-422.
[44]张劲硕.中国蝙蝠(哺乳纲:翼手目):基于分类,形态特征,分布,生态,回声定位叫声和保护的整合研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2010.
[2]Fenton M B,Simmons N B.Bats:a world of science and mystery[M].University of Chicago Press,2015.
[3]蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,等.中国哺乳动物多样性[J].生物多样性,2015,23(3):351-364.
[4]Zhou Zhaomin,Guillén-Servent A,Lim B K,et al.A new species from southwestern China in the Afro-Palearctic lineage of the Horseshoe bats(Rhinolophus)[J].Journal of Mammalogy,2009,90(1),57-73.
[5]Eger J L,Lim B K.Three new species of Murina from southern China(Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae)[J].Acta Chiropterologica,2011,13(2):227-243.
[6]He Fang,Xiao Ning,Zhou Jiang.A new species of Murina from China(Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae)[J].Cave Research,2015,2(2):1-5.
[7]杨天友.贵州省翼手类名录修订[J].生物多样性,2016,24(8):957-962.
[8]周政贤,杨业勤.梵净山研究[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1990:428-436.
[9]谢家骅,辜永河,罗蓉.梵净山地区兽类调查报告[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,1977(3):95-105.
[10]何芳.贵州梵净山小型哺乳动物物种多样性研究[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2015.
[11]印江土家族苗族自治县概况编写组.印江土家族苗族自治县概况[M].贵阳:贵州民族出版社,2007.
[12]Furman A,zgül A.Distribution of cave-dwelling bats and conservation status of underground habitats in the Istanbul area[J].Ecological Research,2002,17(1):69-77.
[13]杨天友,侯秀发,王应祥,等.中国南方喀斯特荔波世界自然遗产地翼手目物种多样性与保护现状[J].生物多样性,2014,22(3):385-391.
[14]杨天友,黄俊坛,侯秀发,等.贵州省江口县洞穴型蝙蝠的物种多样性与保护现状[J].四川动物,2016,35(3):475-480.
[15]卜艳珍,王艳梅,刘伟,等.河南省洞栖蝙蝠的多样性与保护[J].兽类学报,2014,34(3):252-261.
[16]罗蓉.贵州兽类志[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1993:64-149.
[17]史密斯,解焱.中国兽类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2009:269-358.
[18]潘清华,王应祥,岩崑.中国哺乳动物彩色图鉴[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007:41-76.
[19]盛和林.中国哺乳动物图鉴[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2005:76-145.
[20]Csorba G,Ujhelyi P,Thomas N.Horseshoe bats of the world(Chiroptera:Rhinolophidae)[M].Alana Books,2003.
[21]蒋志刚.中国哺乳动物多样性及地理分布[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[22]张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:259
[23]International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)(2016)IUCN red list of threatened species[DB/OL].[2017-01-01].http://www.iucnredlist.org/.
[24]周江,杨天友.贵州省松桃县东部地区翼手目物种多样性[J].动物学杂志,2010,45(2):52-59.
[25]刘少英,刘洋,孙治宇.四川溪洛渡水库库区雷波至金阳段翼手类调查[J].四川动物,2005,24(4):602-603.
[26]刘志霄,张佑祥,张礼标.中国翼手目动物区系分类与分布研究进展、趋势与前景[J].动物学研究,2013,34(6):687-693.
[27]罗健,高红英.重庆市翼手类调查及保护建议[J].四川动物,2002,21(1):45-46.
[28]吴毅,张成菊,梁智文,等.广州市区翼手类物种多样性的研究[J].广州大学学报:自然科学版,2007,6(2):14-17.
[29]李玉春,陈忠,龙育儒,等.海南岛马鞍岭火山口地区翼手目物种多样性[J].动物学杂志,2006,41(3):106-109.
[30]黄继展,谭梁静,杨剑,等.澳门翼手类物种多样性调查[J].兽类学报,2013,33(2):123-132.
[31]杨天友,冉辉,邓军勇,等.贵州省铜仁市区翼手目动物的物种多样性与保护现状[J].野生动物学报,2016,37(3):246-251.
[32]吴毅,易祖盛,江海声,等.广东英德石门台自然保护区啮齿类及翼手类物种多样性研究[J].广州大学学报:自然科学版,2002,1(2):21-26.
[33]吴毅,易祖盛,江海声.广东杨东山十二度水省级自然保护区啮齿类、翼手类物种多样性初步研究[J].四川动物,2004,23(2):104-107.
[34]牛红星,卢全伟,王理顺,等.河南太行山国家级猕猴自然保护区翼手类初步研究[J].河南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(2):90-93.
[35]张昌友,王晓云,赖辉莲,等.江西九连山国家级自然保护区树栖蝙蝠资源调查初报[J].安徽林业科技,2016,42(6):21-23.
[36]黎道洪,罗蓉.黔中地区岩溶洞穴翼手类的初步调查及部分生态观察[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2002,20(2):41-45.
[37]石红艳,刘昊,吴毅,等.四川绵阳洞栖蝙蝠多样性及受胁现状[J].四川动物,2006,25(1):128-131.
[38]刘伟,王延校,何新焕,等.太行山南段洞栖蝙蝠的分布及栖息地重要性分析[J].兽类学报,2011,31(4):371-379.
[39]孙振国,牛红星,王念伟,等.河南桐柏山区洞穴蝙蝠的初步调查[J].医学动物防制,2006,22(10):755-757.
[40]余文华,范凤兰,江海声,等.海南五指山洞穴蝙蝠对夏季栖息地的选择[J].广东林业科技,2015,31(5):74-79.
[41]叶复华,张昌友,张祖福,等.江西九连山自然保护区洞穴型蝙蝠的多样性与保护[J].南方林业科学,2017,45(2):39-41,52.
[42]王延校.云南省南部地区洞栖洞穴蝙蝠初步调查[D].新乡:河南师范大学,2012.
[43]李玉春,蒙以航,张利存,等.中国翼手目地理分布的环境因子影响分析[J].动物学报,2005,51(3):413-422.
[44]张劲硕.中国蝙蝠(哺乳纲:翼手目):基于分类,形态特征,分布,生态,回声定位叫声和保护的整合研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2010.