成都老官山汉墓出土竹简饱水保存期间的细菌群落结构
|
摘要
为了解老官山汉墓出土竹简饱水保存浸泡液中的细菌群落结构特征,采用PCR-DGGE技术分析竹简浸泡液中细菌多样性,并对回收的DGGE条带进行测序及系统发育分析.结果显示,未浸泡竹简的去离子水(0~#)中的细菌丰度(S)、香农-威纳指数(H)、辛普森指数(D)均高于竹简浸泡液样品;而竹简浸泡液样品间的各项指标差异较大,其中121~#样品的遗传多样性最高,1#样品多样性最低;PCA主成分分析都显示各样品均存在较大的差异,其中1~#样品与其余样品的相似性最低;条带测序结果显示样品中主要的细菌类群归属于α变形菌亚门(Alphaproteobacteria)、β变形菌亚门(Betaproteobacteria)、γ变形菌亚门(Gammaproteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)六大细菌类群,分属于贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus)、水杆菌属(Aquabacterium)、丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas)、Albidiferax属、生丝微菌科(Hyphomicrobiaceae)、固氮螺菌属(Azospirillum)、涅瓦菌属(Nevskia)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、土壤杆菌属(Sediminibacterium)属、丙酸杆菌属(Propionibacterium),其中β变形菌亚门的贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus)在所有样品中均有检出.本研究表明,不同竹简饱水保存浸泡液中的细菌群落结构十分复杂且差异显著,存在可能引发竹简病害的潜在细菌类群,结果可为饱水竹简微生物病害的科学防治提供参考.
To investigate the bacterial community structure features of soak solutions used to preserve bamboo slips that were excavated from Han dynasty tomb located in Laoguanshan of Chengdu and to reveal the diversity of bacteria in these soak solutions, PCR-DGGE was employed. Subsequently, the major DGGE bands were excised and sequenced to analyze the phylogeny of bacteria. The richness(S), Shannon-Wiener index(H), and Simpson index(D) of deionized water(0~#) without the soaked bamboo slips were higher than those of the other samples. Among the bamboo slip soak solution samples, there were significant differences in these indicators; the bacterial genetic diversity of sample 121~# was the highest and that of sample 1~# was the lowest. Principal Component Analysis(PCA) showed that there were comparatively large differences among the samples, and the similarity between sample 1~# and others was the lowest. Based on the sequence analysis, the major community of bacteria in soak solution were belonged to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, including Cupriavidus, Aquabacterium, Comamonas, Albidiferax, Hyphomicrobiaceae,Azospirillum, Nevskia, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Sediminibacterium, and Propionibacterium, among which Cupriavidus of the β-Proteobacteria class was detected in all samples. The bacterial community structure of the soak solutions that were collected from different bamboo slips was quite complex and significantly different. The analysis of the main bacterial community revealed the potential bacteria species that may trigger the damage in bamboo slips; the result provided a reference to prevent waterlogged bamboo slips from microbial diseases in the future.
To investigate the bacterial community structure features of soak solutions used to preserve bamboo slips that were excavated from Han dynasty tomb located in Laoguanshan of Chengdu and to reveal the diversity of bacteria in these soak solutions, PCR-DGGE was employed. Subsequently, the major DGGE bands were excised and sequenced to analyze the phylogeny of bacteria. The richness(S), Shannon-Wiener index(H), and Simpson index(D) of deionized water(0~#) without the soaked bamboo slips were higher than those of the other samples. Among the bamboo slip soak solution samples, there were significant differences in these indicators; the bacterial genetic diversity of sample 121~# was the highest and that of sample 1~# was the lowest. Principal Component Analysis(PCA) showed that there were comparatively large differences among the samples, and the similarity between sample 1~# and others was the lowest. Based on the sequence analysis, the major community of bacteria in soak solution were belonged to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, including Cupriavidus, Aquabacterium, Comamonas, Albidiferax, Hyphomicrobiaceae,Azospirillum, Nevskia, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Sediminibacterium, and Propionibacterium, among which Cupriavidus of the β-Proteobacteria class was detected in all samples. The bacterial community structure of the soak solutions that were collected from different bamboo slips was quite complex and significantly different. The analysis of the main bacterial community revealed the potential bacteria species that may trigger the damage in bamboo slips; the result provided a reference to prevent waterlogged bamboo slips from microbial diseases in the future.
引文
1谢涛,武家璧,索德浩,刘祥宇.成都市天回镇老官山汉墓[J].考古,2014(7):59-70[Xie T,Wu JB,Suo DH,Liu XY.The Han Dynasty tomb in Laoguanshan,Tianhui Town,Chengdu[J].Archaeology,2014(7):59-70]
2 胡继高.出土竹器脱水方法的探索[J].考古,1980(4):369-371[Hu JG.Exploration of dehydration method of excavated bambooware[J].Archaeology,1980(4):369-371]
3 金平.简析走马楼吴简饱水状态的科技保存[J].湖南省博物馆馆刊,2010(7):599-606[Jin P.A brief analysis of the technical conservation of the Wu Bamboo Slips excavated from Zoumalou in their water-soaked state[J].J Hunan Mus,2010(7):599-606]
4 张竹青,张平.长沙走马楼三国竹简蚀斑病研究[J].文物科技研究,2004(2):146-153[Zhang ZQ,Zhang P.Research about Shiban Disease in bamboo slips of Three Kingdoms from Zoumalou in Changsha[J].Sci Technol Res Cult Herit,2004(2):146-153]
5 Zeng WZ,Chen R,Song SH,Fang BS,Tan JQ,Tang YL,Luo XS,Wang Y,Zhang LZ,Xin XH,Wang LG,Jin P,Fang CX.Study on erosive microorganisms of the bamboo slips unearthed from Zoumalou,Changsha,China[J].J Microbiol,2007,27(5):50-56
6 柴立元,陈跃辉,黄燕,杨志辉.三国吴简蚀斑可培养微生物的多样性[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(5):1674-1679[Chai LY,Chen YH,Huang Y,Yang ZH.Diversity of culturable microorganismsfrom erosive bamboo slips of Kingdom Wu[J].J Centr South Univ,2010,41(5):1674-1679]
7 OvreL,Forney L,Daae F L,Torsvik V.Distribution of bacterioplankton in meromictic Lake Saelenvannet,as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified gene fragments coding for 16S rRNA[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1997,63(9):3367-3373
8 Ji N,Peng B,Wang G,Wang S,Peng X.Universal primer PCR with DGGE for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens[J].J MicrobiolMeth,2004,57(3):409-413
9 Sanguinetti CJ,Dias NE,Simpson A.Rapid silver staining and recovery of PCR products separated on polyacrylamide gels[J].Biotechniques,1994,17(5):914-921
10 Tang Z,Blacquiere G,Leus G.Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0[J].Bioinformatics,2007,23(21):2947-2948
11 Tamura K,Stecher G,Peterson D,Filipski A,KumaretS.MEGA6:Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0[J].Mol Biol Evol,2013,30(12):2725-2729
12 张先琴.PCR-DGGE技术分析传统发酵蔬菜中微生物群落结构[D].成都:四川农业大学,2012[Zhang XQ.The microbial community structure of traditional pickled vegetables studied by PCR-DGGE[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2012]
13 Roszak DB,Colwell RR.Survival strategies of bacteria in the natural environment[J].Microbiol Rev,1987,51(3):365-379
14 宫曼丽,任南琪,邢德峰.DGGE/TGGE技术及其在微生物分子生态学中的应用[J].微生物学报,2004,44(6):845-848[Gong ML,Ren NQ,Xing DF.Application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis in microbial molecular ecology[J].Acta Microbiol Sin,2004,44(6):845-848]
15 Garcias-Bonet N,Arrieta JM,de Santana CN,Duarte CM,MarbàN.Endophytic bacterial community of a Mediterranean marine angiosperm(Posidoniaoceanica)[J].Front Microbiol,2012,3(342):1-16
16 李玉华,许其功,赵越,李强,魏自民,赵昕宇.松花湖水体中不同空间分布的细菌群落结构分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(4):764-770[Li YH,Xu QG,Zhao Y,Li Q,Wei ZM,Zhao XY.Bacterial community structure in different spatial distribution of Songhua Lake[J].J Agro-Environ Sci,2013,32(4):764-770]
17 时玉,孙怀博,刘勇勤,侯居峙,朱立平,褚海燕.青藏高原淡水湖普莫雍错和盐水湖阿翁错湖底沉积物中细菌群落的垂直分布[J].微生物学通报,2014,41(11):2379-2387[Shi Y,Sun HB,Liu YQ,Hou JS,Zhu LP,Zhu HY.Vertical distribution of bacterial community in sediments of freshwater lake Puma Yumco and saline lake AWongco on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Microbiology,2014,41(11):2379-2387]
18 顾美英,唐光木,刘洪亮,李志强,刘晓伟,徐万里.施用棉秆炭对新疆连作棉花根际土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):173-181[Gu MY,Tang GM,liu HL,Li ZQ,Liu XW,Xu WL.Effects of cotton stalk biochar on microbial community structure and function of continuous cropping cotton rhizosphere soil in Xinjiang,China[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2016,27(1):173-181]
19 吴莉莉,王海燕,徐岩,王栋.酱香型与清香型白酒发酵过程中乳酸菌菌群的差异性分析[J].微生物学通报,2013,40(12):2182-2188[Wu LL,Wang HY,Xu Y,Wang D.Differences of lactic acid bacteria community between soy sauce aroma style and light aroma style liquor fermentation[J].Microbiology,2013,40(12):2182-2188]
20 李阳青.供水管网中生物膜及其对氯衰减的影响研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013[Li YQ.Characterization of biofilms in waterdistribution system and their effect on chlorine decay[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013]
21 李康宁.浑善达克沙地生物土壤结皮中降解纤维素菌的分离,鉴定及降解活性分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010[Li KN.Isolation,identification and decomposing characteristics of cellulosedegrading microorganism from biological soil crust of Hunshandake Desert[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2010]
22 陈跃辉.三国吴简腐蚀斑微生物的分离鉴定及其木质素降解性能研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009[Chen YH.Isolation,identification and lignin degrading capability of microorganism from erosive bamboo slips of Kingdom Wu[D].Changsha:Central South University,2009]
23 Shi Y,Chai LY,Tang CJ,Yang ZH,Zhang H,Chen RH,Chen YH,Zheng Y.Characterization and genomic analysis of Kraft lignin biodegradation by the beta-proteobacterium Cupriavidus basilensis B-8[J].Biotechnol Biof,2013,15(1):5017-5029
24 胡东波,宋少华,肖静华.长沙走马楼出土饱水竹简的防腐保存[J].文物保护与考古科学,2003,15(2):14-19[Hu DB,Song SH,Xiao JH.The antisepsis of the bamboo slips and lacquer wares in water[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol,2003,15(2):14-19]
25 高洁.纤维素科学[M].北京:科学出版社,1996[Gao J.Cellulose Science[M].Beijing:Science Press,1996]
26 Feng BW,Li XR,Wang JH,Hu ZY,Meng H,Xiang LY,Quan ZX.Bacterial diversity of water and sediment in the Changjiang estuary and coastal area of the East China Sea[J].FEMS Microbial Ecol,2009,70(2):236-248
27 Li H,Zeng J,Gao XQ,Yang H,Zhang T,Yang X,Sun J,Lou K.Bacterial community structure and diversity in a cold sulfur spring in Xinjiang faulting zone[J].Acta Microbiol Sin,2011,51(5):595-602
28 蔡小龙,罗剑飞,林炜铁,田国梁.珠三角养殖水体中参与氮循环的微生物群落结构[J].微生物学报,2012,52(5):645-653[Cai XL,Luo JF,Lin WT,Tian GL.Microbial community in nitrogen cycle of aquaculture water of the Pearl River Delta[J].Acta Microbiol Sin,2012,52(5):645-653]
29 Navarro-Noya YE,Suárez-Arriaga MC,Rojas-Valdes A,MontoyaCiriaco NM,Gómez-Acata S,Fernández-Luque駉F,Dendooven L.Pyrosequencing analysis of the bacterial community in drinking water wells[J].Microbial Ecol,2013,66(1):19-29
30 Wu QL,Zwart G,Schauer M,Kamst-van Agterveld MP,Hahn MW.Bacterioplankton community composition along a salinity gradient of sixteen high-mountain lakes located on the Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2006,72(8):5478-5485
31 刘乐冕,杨军,余小青,余正,张永雨,田野,张冬红.厦门后溪流域沿城乡梯度浮游细菌多样性及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(4):591-598[Liu YM,Yang J,Yu XQ,,Yu Z,Zhang YY,Tian Y,Zhang DH.Bacterioplankton diversity in Xiamen Houxi river watershed along an urban-rural gradient and its relation to environmental factors[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2012,18(4):591-598]
32 董逸.我国黄、东海典型海域微生物群落结构及其与环境变化的关系[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2013[Dong Y.Microbial community structure and its relationship with environment variations in typical areas of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[D].Qingdao:Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013]
33 黄媛,方序,褚文珂,陈敏.杭州西溪湿地沉积物细菌的群落结构和多样性[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(5):1202-1209[Huang Y,Fang X,Zhu WK,Chen M.Bacterial diversity and community structure in sediments of Xixi Wetland,Hangzhou[J].Oceanol Limnol Sin,2015,46(5):1202-1209]
34 Roesch LFW,Fulthorpe RR,Riva A,Casella G,Hadwin AKM,Kent AD,Daroub SH,Camargo FAO,Farmerie WG,Triplett EW.Pyrosequencing enumerates and contrasts soil microbial diversity[J].ISME J,2007,1(4):283-290
35 Manz W,Kalmbach S,Szewzyk U.Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria[M].Hoboken:John Wiley&Sons,Ltd,2015.
36 Madigan M,Martinko J.Brock Biology of Microorganisms[M].11th ed.Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,2005
2 胡继高.出土竹器脱水方法的探索[J].考古,1980(4):369-371[Hu JG.Exploration of dehydration method of excavated bambooware[J].Archaeology,1980(4):369-371]
3 金平.简析走马楼吴简饱水状态的科技保存[J].湖南省博物馆馆刊,2010(7):599-606[Jin P.A brief analysis of the technical conservation of the Wu Bamboo Slips excavated from Zoumalou in their water-soaked state[J].J Hunan Mus,2010(7):599-606]
4 张竹青,张平.长沙走马楼三国竹简蚀斑病研究[J].文物科技研究,2004(2):146-153[Zhang ZQ,Zhang P.Research about Shiban Disease in bamboo slips of Three Kingdoms from Zoumalou in Changsha[J].Sci Technol Res Cult Herit,2004(2):146-153]
5 Zeng WZ,Chen R,Song SH,Fang BS,Tan JQ,Tang YL,Luo XS,Wang Y,Zhang LZ,Xin XH,Wang LG,Jin P,Fang CX.Study on erosive microorganisms of the bamboo slips unearthed from Zoumalou,Changsha,China[J].J Microbiol,2007,27(5):50-56
6 柴立元,陈跃辉,黄燕,杨志辉.三国吴简蚀斑可培养微生物的多样性[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(5):1674-1679[Chai LY,Chen YH,Huang Y,Yang ZH.Diversity of culturable microorganismsfrom erosive bamboo slips of Kingdom Wu[J].J Centr South Univ,2010,41(5):1674-1679]
7 OvreL,Forney L,Daae F L,Torsvik V.Distribution of bacterioplankton in meromictic Lake Saelenvannet,as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified gene fragments coding for 16S rRNA[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1997,63(9):3367-3373
8 Ji N,Peng B,Wang G,Wang S,Peng X.Universal primer PCR with DGGE for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens[J].J MicrobiolMeth,2004,57(3):409-413
9 Sanguinetti CJ,Dias NE,Simpson A.Rapid silver staining and recovery of PCR products separated on polyacrylamide gels[J].Biotechniques,1994,17(5):914-921
10 Tang Z,Blacquiere G,Leus G.Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0[J].Bioinformatics,2007,23(21):2947-2948
11 Tamura K,Stecher G,Peterson D,Filipski A,KumaretS.MEGA6:Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0[J].Mol Biol Evol,2013,30(12):2725-2729
12 张先琴.PCR-DGGE技术分析传统发酵蔬菜中微生物群落结构[D].成都:四川农业大学,2012[Zhang XQ.The microbial community structure of traditional pickled vegetables studied by PCR-DGGE[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2012]
13 Roszak DB,Colwell RR.Survival strategies of bacteria in the natural environment[J].Microbiol Rev,1987,51(3):365-379
14 宫曼丽,任南琪,邢德峰.DGGE/TGGE技术及其在微生物分子生态学中的应用[J].微生物学报,2004,44(6):845-848[Gong ML,Ren NQ,Xing DF.Application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis in microbial molecular ecology[J].Acta Microbiol Sin,2004,44(6):845-848]
15 Garcias-Bonet N,Arrieta JM,de Santana CN,Duarte CM,MarbàN.Endophytic bacterial community of a Mediterranean marine angiosperm(Posidoniaoceanica)[J].Front Microbiol,2012,3(342):1-16
16 李玉华,许其功,赵越,李强,魏自民,赵昕宇.松花湖水体中不同空间分布的细菌群落结构分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(4):764-770[Li YH,Xu QG,Zhao Y,Li Q,Wei ZM,Zhao XY.Bacterial community structure in different spatial distribution of Songhua Lake[J].J Agro-Environ Sci,2013,32(4):764-770]
17 时玉,孙怀博,刘勇勤,侯居峙,朱立平,褚海燕.青藏高原淡水湖普莫雍错和盐水湖阿翁错湖底沉积物中细菌群落的垂直分布[J].微生物学通报,2014,41(11):2379-2387[Shi Y,Sun HB,Liu YQ,Hou JS,Zhu LP,Zhu HY.Vertical distribution of bacterial community in sediments of freshwater lake Puma Yumco and saline lake AWongco on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Microbiology,2014,41(11):2379-2387]
18 顾美英,唐光木,刘洪亮,李志强,刘晓伟,徐万里.施用棉秆炭对新疆连作棉花根际土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):173-181[Gu MY,Tang GM,liu HL,Li ZQ,Liu XW,Xu WL.Effects of cotton stalk biochar on microbial community structure and function of continuous cropping cotton rhizosphere soil in Xinjiang,China[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2016,27(1):173-181]
19 吴莉莉,王海燕,徐岩,王栋.酱香型与清香型白酒发酵过程中乳酸菌菌群的差异性分析[J].微生物学通报,2013,40(12):2182-2188[Wu LL,Wang HY,Xu Y,Wang D.Differences of lactic acid bacteria community between soy sauce aroma style and light aroma style liquor fermentation[J].Microbiology,2013,40(12):2182-2188]
20 李阳青.供水管网中生物膜及其对氯衰减的影响研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013[Li YQ.Characterization of biofilms in waterdistribution system and their effect on chlorine decay[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013]
21 李康宁.浑善达克沙地生物土壤结皮中降解纤维素菌的分离,鉴定及降解活性分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010[Li KN.Isolation,identification and decomposing characteristics of cellulosedegrading microorganism from biological soil crust of Hunshandake Desert[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2010]
22 陈跃辉.三国吴简腐蚀斑微生物的分离鉴定及其木质素降解性能研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009[Chen YH.Isolation,identification and lignin degrading capability of microorganism from erosive bamboo slips of Kingdom Wu[D].Changsha:Central South University,2009]
23 Shi Y,Chai LY,Tang CJ,Yang ZH,Zhang H,Chen RH,Chen YH,Zheng Y.Characterization and genomic analysis of Kraft lignin biodegradation by the beta-proteobacterium Cupriavidus basilensis B-8[J].Biotechnol Biof,2013,15(1):5017-5029
24 胡东波,宋少华,肖静华.长沙走马楼出土饱水竹简的防腐保存[J].文物保护与考古科学,2003,15(2):14-19[Hu DB,Song SH,Xiao JH.The antisepsis of the bamboo slips and lacquer wares in water[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol,2003,15(2):14-19]
25 高洁.纤维素科学[M].北京:科学出版社,1996[Gao J.Cellulose Science[M].Beijing:Science Press,1996]
26 Feng BW,Li XR,Wang JH,Hu ZY,Meng H,Xiang LY,Quan ZX.Bacterial diversity of water and sediment in the Changjiang estuary and coastal area of the East China Sea[J].FEMS Microbial Ecol,2009,70(2):236-248
27 Li H,Zeng J,Gao XQ,Yang H,Zhang T,Yang X,Sun J,Lou K.Bacterial community structure and diversity in a cold sulfur spring in Xinjiang faulting zone[J].Acta Microbiol Sin,2011,51(5):595-602
28 蔡小龙,罗剑飞,林炜铁,田国梁.珠三角养殖水体中参与氮循环的微生物群落结构[J].微生物学报,2012,52(5):645-653[Cai XL,Luo JF,Lin WT,Tian GL.Microbial community in nitrogen cycle of aquaculture water of the Pearl River Delta[J].Acta Microbiol Sin,2012,52(5):645-653]
29 Navarro-Noya YE,Suárez-Arriaga MC,Rojas-Valdes A,MontoyaCiriaco NM,Gómez-Acata S,Fernández-Luque駉F,Dendooven L.Pyrosequencing analysis of the bacterial community in drinking water wells[J].Microbial Ecol,2013,66(1):19-29
30 Wu QL,Zwart G,Schauer M,Kamst-van Agterveld MP,Hahn MW.Bacterioplankton community composition along a salinity gradient of sixteen high-mountain lakes located on the Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2006,72(8):5478-5485
31 刘乐冕,杨军,余小青,余正,张永雨,田野,张冬红.厦门后溪流域沿城乡梯度浮游细菌多样性及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(4):591-598[Liu YM,Yang J,Yu XQ,,Yu Z,Zhang YY,Tian Y,Zhang DH.Bacterioplankton diversity in Xiamen Houxi river watershed along an urban-rural gradient and its relation to environmental factors[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2012,18(4):591-598]
32 董逸.我国黄、东海典型海域微生物群落结构及其与环境变化的关系[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2013[Dong Y.Microbial community structure and its relationship with environment variations in typical areas of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[D].Qingdao:Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013]
33 黄媛,方序,褚文珂,陈敏.杭州西溪湿地沉积物细菌的群落结构和多样性[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(5):1202-1209[Huang Y,Fang X,Zhu WK,Chen M.Bacterial diversity and community structure in sediments of Xixi Wetland,Hangzhou[J].Oceanol Limnol Sin,2015,46(5):1202-1209]
34 Roesch LFW,Fulthorpe RR,Riva A,Casella G,Hadwin AKM,Kent AD,Daroub SH,Camargo FAO,Farmerie WG,Triplett EW.Pyrosequencing enumerates and contrasts soil microbial diversity[J].ISME J,2007,1(4):283-290
35 Manz W,Kalmbach S,Szewzyk U.Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria[M].Hoboken:John Wiley&Sons,Ltd,2015.
36 Madigan M,Martinko J.Brock Biology of Microorganisms[M].11th ed.Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,2005