斜拉桥成桥索力优化方法研究综述
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摘要
为了深化对斜拉桥成桥索力优化问题的认识,系统回顾斜拉桥成桥索力优化方法的研究进展与代表性研究成果;在将斜拉桥成桥索力优化方法分为指定结构状态的优化方法、弯曲能量(弯矩)最小法、数学优化方法、影响矩阵法、分步优化方法的基础上,根据斜拉桥合理成桥状态的确定原则阐述各类方法的求解思路与优化过程,并总结各类方法的特点、适用范围以及局限性;探讨斜拉桥成桥索力优化领域的未来发展趋势。研究结果表明:指定结构状态的优化方法其优化目标明确,力学概念清晰,计算方便,但无法兼顾主梁和桥塔的受力和变形,很难获得全局合理的结果,目前仅用于初定斜拉桥成桥状态;弯曲能量最小法的目标函数综合考虑了主梁和桥塔的受力与变形,体现了索力优化的本质特征,能够获得较为合理的优化结果,但在不添加任何约束条件时所得结果仍需进行后续调整,目前也多用于初定斜拉桥成桥状态;数学优化方法可根据不同类型斜拉桥的结构特点选择目标函数、约束条件与优化算法,所得结果也可兼顾斜拉桥各个构件的受力和变形,适用性较强,智能优化算法因其较好的全局收敛性、通用性和便于并行处理等特点,使得其在斜拉桥成桥索力优化乃至结构优化设计领域中的应用越来越广泛;影响矩阵是建立索力与目标函数关系的纽带,是一种综合的索力优化工具,但它需要在明确优化目标与约束条件的前提下求解;分步优化方法融合了多种优化方法的优势,可根据不同类型斜拉桥的受力和变形要求,分步骤选择不同方法全面优化斜拉桥的成桥索力;为适应斜拉桥大跨径化、主梁纤细化以及结构体系多样化的发展趋势,探索针对性或普适性更强的成桥索力优化方法、斜拉桥成桥状态与施工状态耦合优化、将更多优秀的智能优化算法应用于斜拉桥索力优化以及将数学优化算法与有限元程序进行嵌入式融合等问题均是该领域未来的发展方向。
To better understand the cable force optimization problem of cable-stayed bridges in the complete bridge state, research progress and results of cable force optimization methods for such bridges were systematically reviewed in this paper. These cable force optimization methods were classified into specified structure state methods, minimum bending energy(moment) method, mathematical optimization methods, influence matrix method, and step-by-step optimization methods. Based on this classification, the solution objective and calculation process of each method were elaborated considering the determination principles of cable-stayed bridges in the reasonably complete bridge state. The characteristics, applicable scopes, and limitations of each method were summarized. The status quo and development trend of these cable force optimization methods were further discussed. The results show that the optimization methods with specified structure state have definite objectives and mechanical concepts and their calculation process is convenient. However, it is difficult to obtain globally reasonable results because the stress and deformation of girder and pylon cannot be considered simultaneously. Currently, they are used to determine the initial completed bridge state of cable-stayed bridge. The objective function of the minimum bending energy method comprehensively considers the stress and deformation of girder and pylon, reflects the essential characteristics of cable force optimization, and obtains reasonable optimization results. However, the obtained results need to be subsequently adjusted when there are no constraints. This method is used to determine the initial completed bridge state of cable-stayed bridge. The applicability of mathematical optimization method is strong in this type of bridge because the objective function, constraint condition, and optimization algorithm can be selected according to the structural characteristics of different types of cable-stayed bridges and the obtained results consider the stress and deformation of each component of this bridge. The intelligent optimization algorithms have good global convergence, versatility, and convenience for parallel processing. They are widely used in the field of cable force optimization for cable-stayed bridge and structure optimization design. The influence matrix is a link between the cable force and the objective function. It is a comprehensive cable force optimization tool. However, it can only solve the problems under the premises of a definite objective and constraint conditions. The step-by-step optimization methods integrate the advantages of various optimization methods. According to the stress and deformation demands of different types of cable-stayed bridges, the cable forces of the cable-stayed bridge in completed bridge state can be comprehensively optimized by selecting different methods step-by-step. To adapt to the development of large span, slender girder, and diversification of structure system of cable-stayed bridge, more applicable and targeted optimization algorithms and coupling optimization of completed bridge state construction state should be explored. More intelligent optimization algorithms should be applied to the cable force optimization of cable-stayed bridge. Mathematical optimization algorithms should be embedded into finite element programs. These are the future development directions in this field.
To better understand the cable force optimization problem of cable-stayed bridges in the complete bridge state, research progress and results of cable force optimization methods for such bridges were systematically reviewed in this paper. These cable force optimization methods were classified into specified structure state methods, minimum bending energy(moment) method, mathematical optimization methods, influence matrix method, and step-by-step optimization methods. Based on this classification, the solution objective and calculation process of each method were elaborated considering the determination principles of cable-stayed bridges in the reasonably complete bridge state. The characteristics, applicable scopes, and limitations of each method were summarized. The status quo and development trend of these cable force optimization methods were further discussed. The results show that the optimization methods with specified structure state have definite objectives and mechanical concepts and their calculation process is convenient. However, it is difficult to obtain globally reasonable results because the stress and deformation of girder and pylon cannot be considered simultaneously. Currently, they are used to determine the initial completed bridge state of cable-stayed bridge. The objective function of the minimum bending energy method comprehensively considers the stress and deformation of girder and pylon, reflects the essential characteristics of cable force optimization, and obtains reasonable optimization results. However, the obtained results need to be subsequently adjusted when there are no constraints. This method is used to determine the initial completed bridge state of cable-stayed bridge. The applicability of mathematical optimization method is strong in this type of bridge because the objective function, constraint condition, and optimization algorithm can be selected according to the structural characteristics of different types of cable-stayed bridges and the obtained results consider the stress and deformation of each component of this bridge. The intelligent optimization algorithms have good global convergence, versatility, and convenience for parallel processing. They are widely used in the field of cable force optimization for cable-stayed bridge and structure optimization design. The influence matrix is a link between the cable force and the objective function. It is a comprehensive cable force optimization tool. However, it can only solve the problems under the premises of a definite objective and constraint conditions. The step-by-step optimization methods integrate the advantages of various optimization methods. According to the stress and deformation demands of different types of cable-stayed bridges, the cable forces of the cable-stayed bridge in completed bridge state can be comprehensively optimized by selecting different methods step-by-step. To adapt to the development of large span, slender girder, and diversification of structure system of cable-stayed bridge, more applicable and targeted optimization algorithms and coupling optimization of completed bridge state construction state should be explored. More intelligent optimization algorithms should be applied to the cable force optimization of cable-stayed bridge. Mathematical optimization algorithms should be embedded into finite element programs. These are the future development directions in this field.
引文
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