广东大宝山多金属污染排土场耐性植物与改良剂稳定修复研究
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摘要
通过在广东大宝山多金属污染排土场种植重金属耐性作物红麻、苎麻,辅以石灰+有机肥、石灰+生物炭的土壤改良,研究不同植物稳定修复模式下植物的生长状况、土壤pH与重金属含量、径流液产生与理化性质的变化情况.结果表明:改良剂处理有效促进红麻、苎麻生长,提高株高、根长和生物量,有助于排土场土壤的植被恢复.石灰与有机肥、生物炭的施加可以改善土壤酸性环境,将土壤pH由酸性显著提高至中性,降低土壤重金属生物有效性,且生物炭的作用更显著;随着红麻、苎麻稳定修复时间的增加,土壤重金属有效态含量呈一定程度下降趋势.植物的定植和土壤改良还可以减少地表径流的产生;提高径流液pH,但pH会随着修复时间的增加而下降;径流液中溶解态和悬浮态重金属含量均在植物稳定修复过程中得到降低,土壤中重金属污染物的扩散迁移得到有效控制.
In this study, the reclamation of the tailings of the Dabaoshan polymetallic mine located in Guangdong province was investigated. The phytostabilization using the planting of heavy metal tolerant plants Hibiscus cannabinus(kenaf) and Boehmeria nivea L.(ramie), supplemented by soil amendment with lime, organic fertilizers and biochar, was monitored through the determination of the growth characteristics of plants, the pH and heavy metal contents of soil, and the quantity and quality of the runoff. The results suggested that the application of soil amendments would significantly promote the growth of kenaf and ramie by increasing the plant height, the root length and the biomass yield. The use of soil amendments also increased the pH value of the soil from acid to neutral, and reduced the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil. Among the different amendments, the utilization of biochar was more effective than organic fertilizers for decreasing the contents of extractable heavy metals. During the 6-month phytostablization field trial, the growth of kenaf and ramie also contributed to reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in the polluted soils, but to a lesser extent. Besides, the planting of kenaf and ramie, as well as the use of soil amendments also decreased the production of surface runoff in the tailings. The pH of the runoff was increased but tended to decline during the phytostabilization trial. Furthermore, the amount of the dissolved and suspended heavy metals in the runoff were effectively reduced, limiting the solubilization and the migration of heavy metal pollutants in the tailings.
In this study, the reclamation of the tailings of the Dabaoshan polymetallic mine located in Guangdong province was investigated. The phytostabilization using the planting of heavy metal tolerant plants Hibiscus cannabinus(kenaf) and Boehmeria nivea L.(ramie), supplemented by soil amendment with lime, organic fertilizers and biochar, was monitored through the determination of the growth characteristics of plants, the pH and heavy metal contents of soil, and the quantity and quality of the runoff. The results suggested that the application of soil amendments would significantly promote the growth of kenaf and ramie by increasing the plant height, the root length and the biomass yield. The use of soil amendments also increased the pH value of the soil from acid to neutral, and reduced the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil. Among the different amendments, the utilization of biochar was more effective than organic fertilizers for decreasing the contents of extractable heavy metals. During the 6-month phytostablization field trial, the growth of kenaf and ramie also contributed to reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in the polluted soils, but to a lesser extent. Besides, the planting of kenaf and ramie, as well as the use of soil amendments also decreased the production of surface runoff in the tailings. The pH of the runoff was increased but tended to decline during the phytostabilization trial. Furthermore, the amount of the dissolved and suspended heavy metals in the runoff were effectively reduced, limiting the solubilization and the migration of heavy metal pollutants in the tailings.
引文
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高译丹, 梁成华, 裴中健, 等. 2014. 施用生物炭和石灰对土壤镉形态转化的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 28(2): 258-261
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Hattori H, Kuniyasu K, Chiba K, et al. 2006. Effect of chloride application and low soil pH on cadmium uptake from soil by plants [J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 52: 89-94
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韩煜, 全占军, 王琦, 等. 2016. 金属矿山废弃地生态修复技术研究 [J]. 环境保护科学, 42(2): 108-113+128
黄闺, 孟桂元, 陈跃进, 等. 2013. 苎麻对重金属铅耐受性及其修复铅污染土壤潜力研究 [J]. 中国农学通报, 29(20): 148-152
李江遐, 吴林春, 张军, 等. 2015. 生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展 [J]. 生态环境学报, 24(12): 2075-2081
李清飞, 周小勇, 仇荣亮, 等. 2010. 麻疯树复垦酸性矿山废弃地及其生长影响因子研究 [J]. 土壤学报, 47(1): 172-176
Mahar A, Wang P, Li R H, et al., 2015. Immobilization of lead and cadmium in contaminated soil using amendments: a review [J]. Pedosphere, 25: 555-568
Mun H W, Hoe A L, Koo L D. 2008. Assessment of Pb uptake, translocation and immobilization in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) for phytoremediation of sand tailings [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20: 1341-1347
Nelson D W, Sommers L E, Sparks D L, et al. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter [J]. Methods of Soil Analysis, 9: 961-1010
Qasim B, Motelica-Heino M, Bourgerie S, et al. 2016. Rhizosphere effects of Populus euramericana Dorskamp on the mobility of Zn, Pb and Cd in contaminated technosols [J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 16: 811-820
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Seshadri B, Bolan N S, Naidu R. 2015. Rhizosphere-induced heavy metal(loid) transformation in relation to bioavailability and remediation [J]. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 15: 524-548
Shaheen S M, Rinklebe J. 2015. Impact of emerging and low cost alternative amendments on the (im)mobilization and phytoavailability of Cd and Pb in a contaminated floodplain soil [J]. Ecological Engineering, 74: 319-326
Taiwo A M, Gbadebo A M, Oyedepo J A, et al. 2016. Bioremediation of industrially contaminated soil using compost and plant technology [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 304: 166-172
田丹, 屈忠义, 勾芒芒, 等. 2013. 生物炭对不同质地土壤水分扩散率的影响及机理分析 [J]. 土壤通报,44(6): 1374-1378
吴诗雪, 王欣, 陈灿, 等.2015.凤眼莲、稻草和污泥制备生物炭的特性表征与环境影响解析 [J]. 环境科学学报,35(12) : 4021-4032
Wang R H, Zhu X F, Qian W, et al. 2016. Adsorption of Cd(II) by two variable-charge soils in the presence of pectin [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23: 12976-12982
伍红琳, 张辉, 孙庆业. 2011. 坡面人工植物群落修复对水土流失及控磷的影响 [J]. 水土保持学报, 25(3): 26-30
谢飞, 梁成华, 孟庆欢, 等. 2014. 添加天然沸石和石灰对土壤镉形态转化的影响 [J]. 环境工程学报, 8(8): 3505-3510
续晓云. 2015. 生物炭对无机污染物的吸附转化机制研究 [D]. 上海:上海交通大学
杨洋, 铁柏清, 张鹏, 等. 2011. 降雨和植被覆盖对土壤重金属流失的影响 [J]. 水土保持学报, 25(1): 39-42+46
杨煜曦, 卢欢亮, 战树顺, 等. 2013. 利用红麻复垦多金属污染酸化土壤 [J]. 应用生态学报, 24(3): 832-838
章明奎, 夏建强. 2004. 土壤重金属形态对径流中重金属流失的影响 [J]. 水土保持学报, 4: 1-3+88
朱冰冰, 李占斌, 李鹏, 等. 2010. 草本植被覆盖对坡面降雨径流侵蚀影响的试验研究 [J]. 土壤学报, 47(3): 401-407
Adriano D C, Wenzel W W, Vangronsveld J, et al. 2004. Role of assisted natural remediation in environmental cleanup [J]. Geoderma, 122: 121-142
Badri D V, Vivanco J M. 2009.Regulation and function of root exudates [J]. Plant Cell and Environment, 32(6): 666-81
陈燕玫, 柏珺, 杨煜曦, 等. 2013. 植物根际促生菌辅助红麻修复铅污染土壤 [J]. 农业环境科学学报, 32(11): 2159-2167
高译丹, 梁成华, 裴中健, 等. 2014. 施用生物炭和石灰对土壤镉形态转化的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 28(2): 258-261
Gupta A K, Sinha S. 2007. Assessment of single extraction methods for the prediction of bioavailability of metals to Brassica juncea L. Czern. (var. Vaibhav) grown on tannery waste contaminated soil [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149: 144-150
Hattori H, Kuniyasu K, Chiba K, et al. 2006. Effect of chloride application and low soil pH on cadmium uptake from soil by plants [J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 52: 89-94
Houben D, Evrard L, Sonnet P. 2013. Mobility, bioavailability and pH-dependent leaching of cadmium, zinc and lead in a contaminated soil amended with biochar [J]. Chemosphere, 92: 1450-1457
韩煜, 全占军, 王琦, 等. 2016. 金属矿山废弃地生态修复技术研究 [J]. 环境保护科学, 42(2): 108-113+128
黄闺, 孟桂元, 陈跃进, 等. 2013. 苎麻对重金属铅耐受性及其修复铅污染土壤潜力研究 [J]. 中国农学通报, 29(20): 148-152
李江遐, 吴林春, 张军, 等. 2015. 生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展 [J]. 生态环境学报, 24(12): 2075-2081
李清飞, 周小勇, 仇荣亮, 等. 2010. 麻疯树复垦酸性矿山废弃地及其生长影响因子研究 [J]. 土壤学报, 47(1): 172-176
Mahar A, Wang P, Li R H, et al., 2015. Immobilization of lead and cadmium in contaminated soil using amendments: a review [J]. Pedosphere, 25: 555-568
Mun H W, Hoe A L, Koo L D. 2008. Assessment of Pb uptake, translocation and immobilization in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) for phytoremediation of sand tailings [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20: 1341-1347
Nelson D W, Sommers L E, Sparks D L, et al. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter [J]. Methods of Soil Analysis, 9: 961-1010
Qasim B, Motelica-Heino M, Bourgerie S, et al. 2016. Rhizosphere effects of Populus euramericana Dorskamp on the mobility of Zn, Pb and Cd in contaminated technosols [J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 16: 811-820
邱宇, 徐文彬, 周玉新. 2016. 我国冶金矿山排土场研究现状及展望 [J]. 金属矿山, 9: 15-22
师荣光. 2009. 城郊土水界面污染流污染特征、空间分布及其生态风险 [D]. 天津:南开大学
Seshadri B, Bolan N S, Naidu R. 2015. Rhizosphere-induced heavy metal(loid) transformation in relation to bioavailability and remediation [J]. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 15: 524-548
Shaheen S M, Rinklebe J. 2015. Impact of emerging and low cost alternative amendments on the (im)mobilization and phytoavailability of Cd and Pb in a contaminated floodplain soil [J]. Ecological Engineering, 74: 319-326
Taiwo A M, Gbadebo A M, Oyedepo J A, et al. 2016. Bioremediation of industrially contaminated soil using compost and plant technology [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 304: 166-172
田丹, 屈忠义, 勾芒芒, 等. 2013. 生物炭对不同质地土壤水分扩散率的影响及机理分析 [J]. 土壤通报,44(6): 1374-1378
吴诗雪, 王欣, 陈灿, 等.2015.凤眼莲、稻草和污泥制备生物炭的特性表征与环境影响解析 [J]. 环境科学学报,35(12) : 4021-4032
Wang R H, Zhu X F, Qian W, et al. 2016. Adsorption of Cd(II) by two variable-charge soils in the presence of pectin [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23: 12976-12982
伍红琳, 张辉, 孙庆业. 2011. 坡面人工植物群落修复对水土流失及控磷的影响 [J]. 水土保持学报, 25(3): 26-30
谢飞, 梁成华, 孟庆欢, 等. 2014. 添加天然沸石和石灰对土壤镉形态转化的影响 [J]. 环境工程学报, 8(8): 3505-3510
续晓云. 2015. 生物炭对无机污染物的吸附转化机制研究 [D]. 上海:上海交通大学
杨洋, 铁柏清, 张鹏, 等. 2011. 降雨和植被覆盖对土壤重金属流失的影响 [J]. 水土保持学报, 25(1): 39-42+46
杨煜曦, 卢欢亮, 战树顺, 等. 2013. 利用红麻复垦多金属污染酸化土壤 [J]. 应用生态学报, 24(3): 832-838
章明奎, 夏建强. 2004. 土壤重金属形态对径流中重金属流失的影响 [J]. 水土保持学报, 4: 1-3+88
朱冰冰, 李占斌, 李鹏, 等. 2010. 草本植被覆盖对坡面降雨径流侵蚀影响的试验研究 [J]. 土壤学报, 47(3): 401-407