环氧树脂纳米复合电介质电气性能研究进展
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摘要
环氧树脂凭借优异的绝缘性和经济性已被广泛应用于电气电子和光电信息等领域,纳米掺杂对改善环氧树脂的介电强度、耐电晕性、耐电痕化、导热性、耐低温性、耐辐射性和耐候性等方面具有重要意义。详细论述了环氧树脂纳米复合材料的研究进展,包括掺杂不同种类纳米颗粒如二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化镁等对改善环氧树脂的介电性能、空间电荷行为等主要电气性能的影响,以及纳米复合电介质中界面区域的影响机理;并对纳米颗粒表面改性的方法及其对环氧树脂复合电介质电气绝缘性能的影响进行分析。
Epoxy resin has been widely used in electrical and electronic information fields due to its excellent insulation and economic performance. The nanoparticles-adulterated epoxy can enhance its insulation properties,including the dielectric strength,the corona resistance,the tracking resistance,the thermal conductivity,the low temperature resistance,the radiation resistance and the weather resistance. The research progress of epoxy resin nanocomposites is discussed in detail,including the doping of different kinds of nano-particles such as silica,titania,alumina,magnesia,etc. To improve the dielectric properties and space charge behavior of epoxy resin,the influence mechanism of the interface region in the nanocomposite dielectrics is analyzed. The method of surface modification of nanoparticles and its influence on the electrical insulation properties of epoxy composite dielectric are analyzed.
Epoxy resin has been widely used in electrical and electronic information fields due to its excellent insulation and economic performance. The nanoparticles-adulterated epoxy can enhance its insulation properties,including the dielectric strength,the corona resistance,the tracking resistance,the thermal conductivity,the low temperature resistance,the radiation resistance and the weather resistance. The research progress of epoxy resin nanocomposites is discussed in detail,including the doping of different kinds of nano-particles such as silica,titania,alumina,magnesia,etc. To improve the dielectric properties and space charge behavior of epoxy resin,the influence mechanism of the interface region in the nanocomposite dielectrics is analyzed. The method of surface modification of nanoparticles and its influence on the electrical insulation properties of epoxy composite dielectric are analyzed.
引文
1陈赟.氧化铝/环氧树脂复合绝缘材料制备与应用性能研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2017Chen Yun.Study on the preparation and insulating properties of epoxy/alumina nanocomposites[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017
2 Lewis T J.Interfaces are the dominant feature of dielectrics at the nanometric level[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(5):739-753
3罗杨,吴广宁,彭佳,等.聚合物纳米复合电介质的界面性能研究进展[J].高电压技术,2012,38(9):2455-2464Luo Yang,Wu guangning,Peng Jia,et al.Research progress on interface properties of polymer nanodielectrics[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(9):2455-2464
4 Pandey J C,Gupta N.Estimation of interphase thickness of epoxybased nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(5):2747-2756
5 Pandey J C,Gupta N.Charge behavior at interfaces involving nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2018,25(1):73-83
6 Xu M,Feng J,Cao X.Study on preparation and dielectric properties of nano-Ag/epoxy resin composite[C]//International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials IEEE.New York:IEEE,2007:852-856
7 Zhe L,Kenji O,Yoshimichi O,et al.Effects of nano-filler addition on partial discharge resistance and dielectric breakdown strength of micro-Al2O3 epoxy composite[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(3):653-661
8 Imai T,Sawa F,Ozaki T,et al.Approach by nano-and micro-filler mixture toward epoxy-based nanocomposites as industrial insulating materials[J].IEEE Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials,2007,126:1136-1143
9 Montanari G C,Fabiani D,Palmieri F,et al.Modification of electrical properties and performance of EVA and PP insulation through nanostructure by organophilic silicates[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(5):754-762
10 Nelson J K,Fothergill J C.Internal charge behaviour of nanocomposites[J].Nanotechnology,2004,15(5):586-595
11 Murakami Y,Nemoto M,Okuzumi S,et al.DC conduction and electrical breakdown of MgO/LDPE nanocomposite[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(1):33-39
12 Ramirez I,Jayaram S,Cherney E A,et al.Erosion resistance and mechanical properties of silicone nanocomposite insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2009,16(1):52-59
13 Singha S,Thomas M J.Dielectric properties of epoxy nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(1):12-23
14 Singha S,Thomas M J.Permittivity and tan delta characteristics of epoxy nanocomposites in the frequency range of 1 MHz~1 GHz[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(1):2-11
15 Messersmith P B,Giannelis E P.Synthesis and characterization of layered silicate-epoxy nanocomposites[J].Chemistry of Materials,1994,6(10):1719-1725
16张纪伟.环氧树脂纳米复合介质表面电荷动态特性与电痕破坏研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012Zhang Jiwei.Dynamic behavior of surface charge and tracking failure of epoxy nanocomposite[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2012
17 Yamazaki K,Cho H,Imai T,et al.Improving partial discharge resistance of hydrophobic epoxy resins with nano-filler dispersion[C]//2011 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Cancun:IEEE Dielectrics and Insulation Society,2011:668-671
18李媛媛,田慕琴,雷志鹏,等.添加二氧化硅纳米颗粒对环氧树脂介电和空间电荷特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2018,44(6):1870-1877Li Yuanyuan,Tian Muqin,Lei Zhipeng,et al.Effect of silicon dioxide nano-filler on dielectric and space charge properties of epoxy resin[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(6):1870-1877
19 Wang N,Li M,Zhang H,Polymer-filled porous MCM-41:An effective means to design polymer-based nanocomposite[J].Materials Letters,2005,59(21):2685-2688
20 Ji X,Hampsey J E,Hu Q,et al.Mesoporous silica-reinforced polymer nanocomposites[J].Chemistry of Materials,2003,15(19):3656-3662
21罗潘,徐曼,王绍辉,等.基于介孔分子筛MCM-41“有机-无机”互穿结构纳米复合材料体系研究[J].高分子学报,2016(6):760-768Luo Pan,Xu Man,Wang Shaohui,et al.Studies on organic-inorganic interpenetrating network nanocomposites based on mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2016(6):760-768
22 Luo P,Xu M,Wang S H,et al.Structural,dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties of mesoporous silica/epoxy resin nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,24(3):1685-1697
23 Praeger M,Hosier I L,Vaughan,A S,et al.Calcines silica for enhanced polyethylene nano composites[J].Applied Physics Letters,2015,17:1-4
24 Qiang Q Y,Wang Y,Chen G,et al.Dielectric properties of epoxy silica and boronnitride nanocomposites and moisture/temperature influences[J].IET Nanodielectrics,2018,1(1):48-59
25袁端磊,闵道敏,黄印,等.掺杂含量对环氧纳米复合电介质陷阱与空间电荷的影响[J].物理学报,2017,66(9):329-336Yuan D L,Min D M,Huang Y,et al.Influence of filler content on trap and space charge properties of epoxy resin nanocomposites[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2017,66(9):329-336
26 Nelson J K,Hu Y,Thiticharoenpong J.Electrical properties of TiO2 nanocomposites[C]//2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.New Mexico:IEEEDielectrics and Insulation Society,2003:719-722
27 Li S T,Li Z,Niu H,et al.DC surface flashover of epoxy nanocomposites in vacuum:Using rare methodologies to achieve unique results[J].IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine,2018,12(2):6-14
28 Majeed K J.Improvement of thermal conductivity of nano MgO/epoxy composites for electrical insulation materials[C]//3rd International Advances in Applied Physics and Materials Science Congress.Antalya:AIP Conference Proceedings,2013:304-308
29 Andritsch T,Kochetov R,Morshuis P H F,et al.Short-term DCbreakdown and complex permittivity of Al2O3-and MgO-epoxy nanocomposites[C]//2010 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.West Lafayette:IEEE,2010:1-4
30 Kochetov R,Andritsch T,Morshuis P H F,et al.Impact of postcuring and water absorption on the dielectric response of epoxy-based composites filled with MgO nanoparticles[C]//2011 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Cancun:IEEE,2011:342-345
31 Thomas A,Roman K,Peter H F,et al.Dielectric properties and space charge behavior of MgO-epoxy nanocomposites[C]//International Conference on Solid Dielectrics.Potsdam:IEEE,2010:1-4
32 Thomas A,Roman K,Peter H F,et al.DC conduction in epoxy based nano-and mesocomposites[C]//Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Potsdam:IEEE,2010:1-4
33 Du B X,Guo Y G,Liu Y.Effect of adding nanofiller on DC tracking failure of epoxy/MgO nano-composites under contaminated conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(5):2146-2155
34 Han Z,Fina A.Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and their polymer nanocomposites:A review[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2011,36(7):914-944
35 Du B X,Xu H.Effects of thermal conductivity on DC resistance to erosion of silicone rubber/BN nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(2):511-518
36 Hong J P,Yoon S W,Hwang T,et al.High thermal conductivity epoxy composites with bimodal distribution of aluminum nitride and boron nitride fillers[J].Thermochimica Acta,2012,537(11):70-75
37 Ramu T S,Nagamani H N.Alumina and silica based epoxy nanocomposites for electrical insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(1):236-243
38 Zhe L,Okamato K,Ohki Y,et al.The role of nano and micro particles on partial discharge and breakdown strength in epoxy composites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):675-681
39 Li S T,Yin G L,Chen G,et al.Short-term breakdown and longterm failure in nanodielectrics:A review[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(5):1523-1535
40刘衍,周求宽,赵晶轩,等.交互区对纳米Al2O3-环氧树脂复合电介质短时击穿特性的影响[J].西安交通大学学报,2016,50(12):18-23,154Liu Yan,Zhou Qiukuan,Zhao Jingxuan,et al.Effect of interaction zone on short-time breakdown of nano Al2O3-epoxy composites[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2016,50(12):18-23,154
41 Chrus'ciel J J,Le s'niak E.Modification of epoxy resins with functional silanes,polysiloxanes,silsesquioxanes,silica and silicates[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2015,41:67-121
42王熙,郑水蓉,王汝敏.有机硅增韧环氧树脂的研究进展[J].材料导报,2009,23(15):9-12Wang Xi,Zheng Shuirong,Wang Rumin.Research progress in epoxy resins toughening by organic silicon[J].Materials Review,2009,23(15):9-12
43 Park J J,Lee J Y.Effect of epoxy-modified silicone-treated micro-/nano-silicas on the electrical breakdown strength of epoxy/silica composites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2017,24(6):3794-3800
44 Yan W,Han Z J,Phung B T,et al.Silica nanoparticles treated by cold atmospheric-pressure plasmas improve the dielectric performance of organic-inorganic nanocomposites[J].American Chemical Society Applied Materials&Interfaces,2012,4(5):2637-2642
45 Yan W,Han Z,Liu W,et al.Designing atmospheric-pressure plasma sources for surface engineering of nanomaterials[J].Plasma Chemistry&Plasma Processing,2013,33(2):479-490
46 Yan W,Phung B T,Han Z J,et al.Partial discharge characteristics of Epoxy Resin-based nanocomposites fabricated with atomospheric plasma treated SiO2 nanoparticles[C]//Proceedings of 2011International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.Kyoto:IEEE Dielectrics and Insulation Society,2011:353-357
47 Yan W,Phung B T,Han Z J,et al.Plasma polymer-coated on nanoparticles to improve dielectric and electrical insulation properties of nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(2):548-555
48 Lu Y,Yin Y,Li Z Y,et al.Synthesis and self-assembly of Au@SiO2 core-shell colloids[J].Nano Letters,2002,2(7):785-788
49 Lu Y,Yin Y,Li Z Y,et al.Modifying the surface properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles through a sol-gel approach[J].Nano Letters,2002,2(3):183-186
50 Ammar M,Mazaleyrat F,Bonnet J P,et al.Synthesis and characterization of core-shell structure silica-coated Fe 29.5Ni70.5 nanoparticles[J].Nanotechnology,2007,18(28):285-606
51 Chen Y W,Wu J S.Investigation on relationship between breakdown strength enhancement of composites and dielectric characteristics of nanoparticle[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(2):927-934
2 Lewis T J.Interfaces are the dominant feature of dielectrics at the nanometric level[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(5):739-753
3罗杨,吴广宁,彭佳,等.聚合物纳米复合电介质的界面性能研究进展[J].高电压技术,2012,38(9):2455-2464Luo Yang,Wu guangning,Peng Jia,et al.Research progress on interface properties of polymer nanodielectrics[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(9):2455-2464
4 Pandey J C,Gupta N.Estimation of interphase thickness of epoxybased nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(5):2747-2756
5 Pandey J C,Gupta N.Charge behavior at interfaces involving nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2018,25(1):73-83
6 Xu M,Feng J,Cao X.Study on preparation and dielectric properties of nano-Ag/epoxy resin composite[C]//International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials IEEE.New York:IEEE,2007:852-856
7 Zhe L,Kenji O,Yoshimichi O,et al.Effects of nano-filler addition on partial discharge resistance and dielectric breakdown strength of micro-Al2O3 epoxy composite[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(3):653-661
8 Imai T,Sawa F,Ozaki T,et al.Approach by nano-and micro-filler mixture toward epoxy-based nanocomposites as industrial insulating materials[J].IEEE Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials,2007,126:1136-1143
9 Montanari G C,Fabiani D,Palmieri F,et al.Modification of electrical properties and performance of EVA and PP insulation through nanostructure by organophilic silicates[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(5):754-762
10 Nelson J K,Fothergill J C.Internal charge behaviour of nanocomposites[J].Nanotechnology,2004,15(5):586-595
11 Murakami Y,Nemoto M,Okuzumi S,et al.DC conduction and electrical breakdown of MgO/LDPE nanocomposite[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(1):33-39
12 Ramirez I,Jayaram S,Cherney E A,et al.Erosion resistance and mechanical properties of silicone nanocomposite insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2009,16(1):52-59
13 Singha S,Thomas M J.Dielectric properties of epoxy nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(1):12-23
14 Singha S,Thomas M J.Permittivity and tan delta characteristics of epoxy nanocomposites in the frequency range of 1 MHz~1 GHz[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(1):2-11
15 Messersmith P B,Giannelis E P.Synthesis and characterization of layered silicate-epoxy nanocomposites[J].Chemistry of Materials,1994,6(10):1719-1725
16张纪伟.环氧树脂纳米复合介质表面电荷动态特性与电痕破坏研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012Zhang Jiwei.Dynamic behavior of surface charge and tracking failure of epoxy nanocomposite[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2012
17 Yamazaki K,Cho H,Imai T,et al.Improving partial discharge resistance of hydrophobic epoxy resins with nano-filler dispersion[C]//2011 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Cancun:IEEE Dielectrics and Insulation Society,2011:668-671
18李媛媛,田慕琴,雷志鹏,等.添加二氧化硅纳米颗粒对环氧树脂介电和空间电荷特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2018,44(6):1870-1877Li Yuanyuan,Tian Muqin,Lei Zhipeng,et al.Effect of silicon dioxide nano-filler on dielectric and space charge properties of epoxy resin[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(6):1870-1877
19 Wang N,Li M,Zhang H,Polymer-filled porous MCM-41:An effective means to design polymer-based nanocomposite[J].Materials Letters,2005,59(21):2685-2688
20 Ji X,Hampsey J E,Hu Q,et al.Mesoporous silica-reinforced polymer nanocomposites[J].Chemistry of Materials,2003,15(19):3656-3662
21罗潘,徐曼,王绍辉,等.基于介孔分子筛MCM-41“有机-无机”互穿结构纳米复合材料体系研究[J].高分子学报,2016(6):760-768Luo Pan,Xu Man,Wang Shaohui,et al.Studies on organic-inorganic interpenetrating network nanocomposites based on mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2016(6):760-768
22 Luo P,Xu M,Wang S H,et al.Structural,dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties of mesoporous silica/epoxy resin nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,24(3):1685-1697
23 Praeger M,Hosier I L,Vaughan,A S,et al.Calcines silica for enhanced polyethylene nano composites[J].Applied Physics Letters,2015,17:1-4
24 Qiang Q Y,Wang Y,Chen G,et al.Dielectric properties of epoxy silica and boronnitride nanocomposites and moisture/temperature influences[J].IET Nanodielectrics,2018,1(1):48-59
25袁端磊,闵道敏,黄印,等.掺杂含量对环氧纳米复合电介质陷阱与空间电荷的影响[J].物理学报,2017,66(9):329-336Yuan D L,Min D M,Huang Y,et al.Influence of filler content on trap and space charge properties of epoxy resin nanocomposites[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2017,66(9):329-336
26 Nelson J K,Hu Y,Thiticharoenpong J.Electrical properties of TiO2 nanocomposites[C]//2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.New Mexico:IEEEDielectrics and Insulation Society,2003:719-722
27 Li S T,Li Z,Niu H,et al.DC surface flashover of epoxy nanocomposites in vacuum:Using rare methodologies to achieve unique results[J].IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine,2018,12(2):6-14
28 Majeed K J.Improvement of thermal conductivity of nano MgO/epoxy composites for electrical insulation materials[C]//3rd International Advances in Applied Physics and Materials Science Congress.Antalya:AIP Conference Proceedings,2013:304-308
29 Andritsch T,Kochetov R,Morshuis P H F,et al.Short-term DCbreakdown and complex permittivity of Al2O3-and MgO-epoxy nanocomposites[C]//2010 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.West Lafayette:IEEE,2010:1-4
30 Kochetov R,Andritsch T,Morshuis P H F,et al.Impact of postcuring and water absorption on the dielectric response of epoxy-based composites filled with MgO nanoparticles[C]//2011 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Cancun:IEEE,2011:342-345
31 Thomas A,Roman K,Peter H F,et al.Dielectric properties and space charge behavior of MgO-epoxy nanocomposites[C]//International Conference on Solid Dielectrics.Potsdam:IEEE,2010:1-4
32 Thomas A,Roman K,Peter H F,et al.DC conduction in epoxy based nano-and mesocomposites[C]//Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.Potsdam:IEEE,2010:1-4
33 Du B X,Guo Y G,Liu Y.Effect of adding nanofiller on DC tracking failure of epoxy/MgO nano-composites under contaminated conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(5):2146-2155
34 Han Z,Fina A.Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and their polymer nanocomposites:A review[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2011,36(7):914-944
35 Du B X,Xu H.Effects of thermal conductivity on DC resistance to erosion of silicone rubber/BN nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(2):511-518
36 Hong J P,Yoon S W,Hwang T,et al.High thermal conductivity epoxy composites with bimodal distribution of aluminum nitride and boron nitride fillers[J].Thermochimica Acta,2012,537(11):70-75
37 Ramu T S,Nagamani H N.Alumina and silica based epoxy nanocomposites for electrical insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(1):236-243
38 Zhe L,Okamato K,Ohki Y,et al.The role of nano and micro particles on partial discharge and breakdown strength in epoxy composites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):675-681
39 Li S T,Yin G L,Chen G,et al.Short-term breakdown and longterm failure in nanodielectrics:A review[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(5):1523-1535
40刘衍,周求宽,赵晶轩,等.交互区对纳米Al2O3-环氧树脂复合电介质短时击穿特性的影响[J].西安交通大学学报,2016,50(12):18-23,154Liu Yan,Zhou Qiukuan,Zhao Jingxuan,et al.Effect of interaction zone on short-time breakdown of nano Al2O3-epoxy composites[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2016,50(12):18-23,154
41 Chrus'ciel J J,Le s'niak E.Modification of epoxy resins with functional silanes,polysiloxanes,silsesquioxanes,silica and silicates[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2015,41:67-121
42王熙,郑水蓉,王汝敏.有机硅增韧环氧树脂的研究进展[J].材料导报,2009,23(15):9-12Wang Xi,Zheng Shuirong,Wang Rumin.Research progress in epoxy resins toughening by organic silicon[J].Materials Review,2009,23(15):9-12
43 Park J J,Lee J Y.Effect of epoxy-modified silicone-treated micro-/nano-silicas on the electrical breakdown strength of epoxy/silica composites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2017,24(6):3794-3800
44 Yan W,Han Z J,Phung B T,et al.Silica nanoparticles treated by cold atmospheric-pressure plasmas improve the dielectric performance of organic-inorganic nanocomposites[J].American Chemical Society Applied Materials&Interfaces,2012,4(5):2637-2642
45 Yan W,Han Z,Liu W,et al.Designing atmospheric-pressure plasma sources for surface engineering of nanomaterials[J].Plasma Chemistry&Plasma Processing,2013,33(2):479-490
46 Yan W,Phung B T,Han Z J,et al.Partial discharge characteristics of Epoxy Resin-based nanocomposites fabricated with atomospheric plasma treated SiO2 nanoparticles[C]//Proceedings of 2011International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.Kyoto:IEEE Dielectrics and Insulation Society,2011:353-357
47 Yan W,Phung B T,Han Z J,et al.Plasma polymer-coated on nanoparticles to improve dielectric and electrical insulation properties of nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(2):548-555
48 Lu Y,Yin Y,Li Z Y,et al.Synthesis and self-assembly of Au@SiO2 core-shell colloids[J].Nano Letters,2002,2(7):785-788
49 Lu Y,Yin Y,Li Z Y,et al.Modifying the surface properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles through a sol-gel approach[J].Nano Letters,2002,2(3):183-186
50 Ammar M,Mazaleyrat F,Bonnet J P,et al.Synthesis and characterization of core-shell structure silica-coated Fe 29.5Ni70.5 nanoparticles[J].Nanotechnology,2007,18(28):285-606
51 Chen Y W,Wu J S.Investigation on relationship between breakdown strength enhancement of composites and dielectric characteristics of nanoparticle[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(2):927-934