华南地区五种蕨类植物耐荫性的研究
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摘要
以华南地区5种耐荫性蕨类植物,华南毛蕨、乌毛蕨、蜈蚣蕨、线羽凤尾蕨和普通针毛蕨为研究对象,在模拟生态环境条件下,研究了这5类蕨类植物在全光照及透光率分别为25.00%、6.25%和1.56%下,其株高、冠幅、叶片数、叶绿素含量和光合参数等指标的变化。结果表明:随着遮荫程度的不断增加,普通针毛蕨和蜈蚣蕨的叶片数减少,冠幅降低;线羽凤尾蕨和华南毛蕨的叶绿素相对含量则随着透光率减少呈先升高后降低的趋势,其它3种蕨的叶绿素相对含量均随着透光率减少而呈阶梯状增加的趋势。5种参试蕨光补偿点呈先下降后上升,线羽凤尾蕨在透光率6.25%环境下光补偿点达到最低,华南毛蕨在透光率1.56%环境下达到最低,其它3种蕨类的光补偿点均在透光率25.00%时达到最低。但最大净光合速率变化差异较大,其中蜈蚣蕨的最大净光合速率可达到参试蕨的最高值为8.33μmol·m~(2)·s~(1),乌毛蕨其次为7.85μmol·m~(2)·s~(1),其余3种蕨的最大光合速率均在5.50μmol·m~(2)·s~(1)以下。通过计算比较各指标的表型可塑性指数(PPI)和耐荫临界值(STT),评价了5种蕨类植物的耐荫性,普通针毛蕨和线羽凤尾蕨为耐荫蕨,华南毛蕨次之,乌毛蕨和蜈蚣蕨具有一定耐荫性;耐荫性强弱排序为普通针毛蕨>线羽凤尾蕨>华南毛蕨>乌毛蕨>蜈蚣蕨。
The shade-tolerance of Cyclosorus parasiticus,Blechnum orientale,Pteris vittata,Pteris linearis and Macrothelypteris torresiana in south China were researched.Indexes of growth and physiological were measured under four kinds of different light invironments(100%,25.00%,6.25%,1.56%),including height,crown diameter,leaf number,chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic parameters.The results showed that as shadow treatment strengthened,the crown diameter of M.torresianaand P.vittata narrowed down as well as the quantity of leaf.The SPAD of C.parasiticus and P.linearis increased at first then decreased as euphotic index diminished.Meanwhile the others increased gradually.All the light compensation point of five ferns decreased firstly and then increased.The light compensation point of P.linearis reached the lowest under 6.25%light environment,while C.parasiticus touched the bottom under 1.56%light environment,and the others reached the lowest under 25.00% light environment.The Pmax changed a lot.P.vittata reached the highest point at about 8.33μmol·m~(2)·s~(1),followed by B.orientale at about 7.85μmol·m~(2)·s~(1),the others were blower 5.50μmol·m~(2)·s~(1).Phenotypic plasticity index(PPI)and shade-tolerant threshold(STT)were used for shade-tolerance evaluation,and a comprehensive evaluation on shade-endurance abilities of five ferns was given according to membership function method.P.linearis and M.torresiana had good shade-endurance,C.parasiticus took the second place,B.orientale and P.vittata were the lowest,and the shade-endurance abilities of five ferns were ranked as M.torresiana>P.linearis>C.parasiticus>B.orientale>P.vittata.
The shade-tolerance of Cyclosorus parasiticus,Blechnum orientale,Pteris vittata,Pteris linearis and Macrothelypteris torresiana in south China were researched.Indexes of growth and physiological were measured under four kinds of different light invironments(100%,25.00%,6.25%,1.56%),including height,crown diameter,leaf number,chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic parameters.The results showed that as shadow treatment strengthened,the crown diameter of M.torresianaand P.vittata narrowed down as well as the quantity of leaf.The SPAD of C.parasiticus and P.linearis increased at first then decreased as euphotic index diminished.Meanwhile the others increased gradually.All the light compensation point of five ferns decreased firstly and then increased.The light compensation point of P.linearis reached the lowest under 6.25%light environment,while C.parasiticus touched the bottom under 1.56%light environment,and the others reached the lowest under 25.00% light environment.The Pmax changed a lot.P.vittata reached the highest point at about 8.33μmol·m~(2)·s~(1),followed by B.orientale at about 7.85μmol·m~(2)·s~(1),the others were blower 5.50μmol·m~(2)·s~(1).Phenotypic plasticity index(PPI)and shade-tolerant threshold(STT)were used for shade-tolerance evaluation,and a comprehensive evaluation on shade-endurance abilities of five ferns was given according to membership function method.P.linearis and M.torresiana had good shade-endurance,C.parasiticus took the second place,B.orientale and P.vittata were the lowest,and the shade-endurance abilities of five ferns were ranked as M.torresiana>P.linearis>C.parasiticus>B.orientale>P.vittata.
引文
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[22]冯晓琳,何云核.3种野生观赏蕨类植物的耐荫性评价[J].中国园艺文摘,2015(8):2-5.
[23]BOARDRNAN N K.Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants[J].Ann Rew Plant Physiol,1977(28):355-377.
[24]缪世利.四川大头茶净光合作用生理生态的初步研究[J].生态学报,1987,7(2):120-128.
[25]POORTER L.Growth responses of 15rain forest tree species to a light gradient:The relative importance of morphological and physiological traits[J].Functional Ecology,1999(13):396-410.
[26]张聪颖.几种观叶植物对光照的生理相应[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.
[2]张宪春.中国石松类和蕨类植物[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012:12-13.
[3]陆树刚,陈风.论蕨类植物生态类型的划分问题[J].云南大学学报,2013,35(3):407-415.
[4]SCHNEIDER H,SCHUETTPELZ E,PRYER K M,et al.Ferns diversified in the shadow of angiosperms[J].Nature,2004,428:553-557.
[5]田英翠,杨柳青.蕨类植物及其在园林中的应用[J].北方园艺,2006(5):133-134.
[6]苟燕妮,雷江丽.蕨类植物园林应用及其开发利用潜质探讨[J].南方园艺,2011,22(3):33-34.
[7]牛俊义,李胜.光照条件及外源物质对蕨菜孢子萌发成苗的影响[J].园艺学报,2002,29(6):584-586.
[8]张贤,晏荣,曹文娟,等.SPAD及FT-NIR光谱法快速筛选白三叶种质蛋白质性状[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(9):2388-2391.
[9]SHALL B,BISCOE P V.A model for C3leaves describing the dependence of net photosynthesis on irradiance[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1980,31(1):29-39.
[10]陈卫英,陈真勇,罗辅燕,等.光响应曲线的指数改进模型与常用模型比较[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(12):1277-1285.
[11]VALLDARES F,WRIGHT S J,LASSO E,et al.Plasticphenotypic response to light of 16congeneric speciesfrom a Panamanian rainforest[J].Ecology,2000,81(7):1925-1936.
[12]ROZENDAAL D M A,HURTADO H V,POORTER L.Plasticity in leaf traits of 38tropical tree species in response to light:Relationships with light demand and adult stature[J].Functional Ecology,2006(20):207-216.
[13]陶向新.模糊数学在农业科学中的初步应用[J].沈阳农学院学报,1982(2):96-107.
[14]王晓倩.阔鳞鳞毛蕨组织培养技术和耐荫性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[15]赵平,张志权.欧洲3种常见乔木幼苗在两种光环境下叶片的气体交换、叶绿素含量和氮素含量[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1999,7(2):133-139.
[16]丁晓浩,何云核.10种观赏蕨类植物的耐阴性[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(6):148-150.
[17]郭欧英.五种野生蕨类植物耐阴性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.
[18]高菊.浙江省3种蕨类植物抗逆生理特性的研究[D].临安:浙江林学院,2010.
[19]BRADS HAW A D.Evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity in plants[J].Adv Genet,1965(13):115-155.
[20]SULTAN S E.Phenotypic plasticity for plant development,function and life history[J].Trends Plant Sci,2000,5(12):537-542.
[21]张建新,方依秋,丁彦芬,等.蕨类植物的叶绿素、光合参数与耐荫性[J].浙江大学学报,2011(4):413-420.
[22]冯晓琳,何云核.3种野生观赏蕨类植物的耐荫性评价[J].中国园艺文摘,2015(8):2-5.
[23]BOARDRNAN N K.Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants[J].Ann Rew Plant Physiol,1977(28):355-377.
[24]缪世利.四川大头茶净光合作用生理生态的初步研究[J].生态学报,1987,7(2):120-128.
[25]POORTER L.Growth responses of 15rain forest tree species to a light gradient:The relative importance of morphological and physiological traits[J].Functional Ecology,1999(13):396-410.
[26]张聪颖.几种观叶植物对光照的生理相应[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.