乳酸菌对低温下玉米秸秆黄贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响
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摘要
为研究低温下乳酸菌对玉米秸秆黄贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响,试验采用小规模发酵法,以收获籽粒后的玉米秸秆作为原料,分别添加乳酸菌LAB_1(Lactobacillus plantarum)、LAB_2(Lactococcus lactis)、LAB_3(Lactobacillus paracasei)、LAB_1+LAB_2、LAB_1+LAB_3、LAB_2+LAB_3,在低温(4℃)条件下发酵30 d后开封,测定发酵参数、微生物数量及有氧稳定性。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加乳酸菌可以降低pH和NH3-N含量(P <0.05),提高乳酸含量(P <0.05),抑制大肠杆菌、丁酸菌、霉菌等有害微生物的生长;在乳酸菌添加的各组间,pH从低到高依次为:LAB_3组 0.05),LAB_3组的乳酸含量较LAB_1、LAB_2、LAB_1+LAB_2、LAB_1+LAB_3、LAB_2+LAB_3组分别提高了11.85%、7.09%、3.42%、13.53%、4.86%,但无显著差异(P> 0.05),LAB_3组的氨态氮含量显著低于LAB_1组(P <0.05)。大肠杆菌数量从低到高依次是:LAB_3组 This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of corn stover silage ensiled at low temperature by means of the small-scale fermentation method.The corn straw was used as raw material,and LAB_1(Lactobacillus plantarum),LAB_2(Lactococcus lactis),LAB_3(Lactobacillus paracasei),LAB_1+LAB_2,LAB_1+LAB_3 and LAB_2+LAB_3 were added respectively.Treatments were imposed at ensiling under low temperature(4 ℃).When open the bags,the fermentation parameters,microbial composition and aerobic stability were determined.The results showed that compared with the control silage,the silage with Lactic acid bacteria inoculant could decrease the pH and NH3-N content(P < 0.05),increase the lactic acid content(P < 0.05),and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms such as coliform bacteria,clostridium,molds.Among the silage with Lactic acid bacteria inoculant,the pH from lowest to highest was:LAB_3 group 0.05).The lactic acid content in silage with LAB_3 were higher than those of LAB_1,LAB_2,LAB_1+LAB_2,LAB_1+LAB_3,LAB_2+LAB_3 groups(11.85%,7.09%,3.42%,13.53% and 4.86%,respectively),but there was no significant difference(P > 0.05).The Ammonia-N content in silage LAB_3 was lower than that in silage with LAB_1(P < 0.05).The number of coliform bacteria from lowest to highest was:LAB_3 group
引文
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[29] Lin C,Bolsen K K,Brent B E,et al.Epiphytic lactic acid bacteria succession during the pre-ensiling and ensiling periods of alfalfa and maize[J].J Appl Microbiol Bacterial,1992,73(5):375~387.
[30] Liu Q,Zhang J,Shi S,et al.The effects of wilting and storage temperatures on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of stylo silage[J].J Anim Sci,2011,82:549~553.
[31] Liu Q H,Chen M X,Zhang J G,et al.Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effectiveness to improve stylo(Stylosanthes guianensis Sw)silage quality at various temperatures[J].Anim Sci J,2012,83:128~135.
[32] Liu Q,Shao T,Zhang J G.Determination of aerobic deterioration of corn stover silage caused by aerobic bacteria[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2013,183:124~131.
[33] McDonald P,Henderson A R,Whittenbury R.The effect of temperature on ensilage[J].J Sci Food Agri,1966,17:476~480.
[34] Nishino N,Wada H,Yoshijda M,et al.Shiota.Microbial counts,fermentation products,and aerobic stability of whole crop corn and a total mixed ration ensiled with and without inoculation of Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87:2563~2570.
[35] Woolford M K.The detrimental effects of air on silage[J].J Appl Microbiol Bacteriol,1990,68(2):101~112.
[36] Yahaya M S,Kawai M,Takahashi J,et al.The effects of different moisture contents at ensiling on silo degradation of structural carbohydrate of orchardgrass[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2002,101:213~217.
[2]郭旭生,周禾,玉柱,等.不同添加剂对青贮饲料有氧稳定性的影响[J].中国奶牛,2006,9:18~20.
[3]郭勇庆,张英杰,程善燕,等.谷草的营养特点及开发利用[J].河南畜牧兽医(综合版),2009,30(12):31~32.
[4]郭志梅,缪启龙,李雄.中国北方地区近50年来气温变化特征的研究[J].地理科学,2005,25(4):448~454.
[5]姜义宝,王洋,刘振阳,等.乳酸菌对苜蓿青贮质量和黄酮含量的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(4):896~900.
[6]李泽青,闫峻,张永芳,等.青贮发酵过程中主要微生物的活动规律及控制[J].广东畜牧兽医科技,2011,36(6):12~15.
[7]刘建新,杨振海,叶均安,等.青贮饲料的合理调制与质量评定标准[J].饲料工业,1999,20(4):3~5.
[8]刘圈炜,郑心力,王峰,等.复合乳酸菌制剂对玉米秸秆青贮饲料品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2013,1:41~43.
[9]刘海燕,王秀飞,王彦靖,等.玉米秸秆青贮饲料加工利用的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2016,23(3):11~14.
[10]孙文,许丽.复合微生物菌剂处理玉米秸秆应用效果的研究[J].饲料博览,2010,7:1~4.
[11]王昆昆,玉柱,邵涛,等.乳酸菌制剂对不同比例苜蓿和披碱草混贮发酵品质的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(4):94~100.
[12]吴兆鹏,蚁细苗,钟映萍,等.添加剂对甘蔗梢叶青贮营养价值的影响[J].广西科学,2016,23(1):51~55.
[13]徐庆方.影响苜蓿青贮品质的主要因素及苜蓿青贮在奶牛日粮中应用效果的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[14]闫艳红,李君临,郭旭生等.多花黑麦草与大豆秸秆混合青贮发酵品质的研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):94~99.
[15]张涛,李蕾,张燕忠,等.青贮菌剂在苜蓿裹包青贮中的应用效果[J].草业学报,2007,16(1):100~104.
[16]赵政,陈学文,朱梅芳,等.添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对玉米秸秆青贮饲料品质的影响[J].广西农业科学,2009,40(7):919~922.
[17]赵辉,易茂华,王海吉,等.混合乳酸菌发酵生产玉米秸秆青贮饲料的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2010,11:52~54.
[18] Cai Y,Kumai S,Fukumi R.Effect of altitude and seasonal change in microflora on forage crops and grasses with special reference to lactic acid bacteria[J].Grassl Sci,1991,37:246~252.
[19] Cai Y,BennoY,Ogawa M,et al.Effect of applying lactic acid bacteria isolated from forage crops on fermentation characteristics and aerobic deterioration of silage[J].J Dairy Sci,1999,82:520~526.
[20] Cao Y,Cai Y,Hirakubo T,et al.Fermentation characteristics and microorganism composition of a total mixed ration with local food by-products in different season[J].Anim Sci J,2011,82(2):259~266.
[21] Cao Y,Takahashi T,Horiguchi K,et al.Effect of adding lactic acid bacteria and molasses on fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal digestion of total mixed ration silage prepared with whole crop rice[J].Grassl Sci,2009,56:19~25.
[22] Cao Y,Zang Y Q,Jiang Z H,et al.Fermentation quality and nutritive value of fresh and fermented total mixed rations containing Chinese wildrye or corn stover[J].Grassl Sci,2016,62:213~223.
[23] Cao Y,Cai Y,Takahashi T.Effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculant and beet pulp addition on fermentation characteristics and in vitro ruminal digestion of vegetable residue silage[J].J Dairy Sci,2011,94:3902~3912.
[24] Courtin M G,Spoelstra S F.A Simulation model of the microbiological and chemical changes accompanying the initial stage of aerobic deterioration of silage[J].Grass Forage Sci,1990,45(2):153~165.
[25] Filya I,Ashbell G,Hen Y,et al.The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2000,88:39~46.
[26] Garcia A D,Olson W G,Otterby D E,et al.Effects of temperature,moisture and aeration on fermentation of alfalfa silage[J].J Dairy Sci,1989,72:93~103.
[27] Hu W,Schmidt R J,Mcdonell E E,et al.The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 or Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages ensiled at two dry matter contents[J].J Dairy Sci,2009,92:3907~3914.
[28] Kim S C,Adesogan A T.Influence of Ensiling Temperature,Simulated Rainfall,and Delayed Sealing on Fermentation Characteristics and Aerobic Stability of Corn Silage[J].J Dairy Sci,2006,89:3122~3132.
[29] Lin C,Bolsen K K,Brent B E,et al.Epiphytic lactic acid bacteria succession during the pre-ensiling and ensiling periods of alfalfa and maize[J].J Appl Microbiol Bacterial,1992,73(5):375~387.
[30] Liu Q,Zhang J,Shi S,et al.The effects of wilting and storage temperatures on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of stylo silage[J].J Anim Sci,2011,82:549~553.
[31] Liu Q H,Chen M X,Zhang J G,et al.Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effectiveness to improve stylo(Stylosanthes guianensis Sw)silage quality at various temperatures[J].Anim Sci J,2012,83:128~135.
[32] Liu Q,Shao T,Zhang J G.Determination of aerobic deterioration of corn stover silage caused by aerobic bacteria[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2013,183:124~131.
[33] McDonald P,Henderson A R,Whittenbury R.The effect of temperature on ensilage[J].J Sci Food Agri,1966,17:476~480.
[34] Nishino N,Wada H,Yoshijda M,et al.Shiota.Microbial counts,fermentation products,and aerobic stability of whole crop corn and a total mixed ration ensiled with and without inoculation of Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87:2563~2570.
[35] Woolford M K.The detrimental effects of air on silage[J].J Appl Microbiol Bacteriol,1990,68(2):101~112.
[36] Yahaya M S,Kawai M,Takahashi J,et al.The effects of different moisture contents at ensiling on silo degradation of structural carbohydrate of orchardgrass[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2002,101:213~217.