不同耕作覆盖措施对春玉米光合特性的影响
|
摘要
本文研究了传统耕作和免耕不同覆盖措施下春玉米的光合生理变化,结果表明:随着生育期的推移,各处理的叶片净光合速率(Pn)呈现先升后降的趋势,在抽雄期达到最大。传统耕作条件下,地膜+秸秆覆盖净光合速率最高,秸秆覆盖最低;免耕条件下,地膜覆盖净光合速率最高,平均为33.81μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),比不覆盖平均增加3.7%。不同耕作覆盖措施下叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)表现为:抽雄期>拔节期>大喇叭口期>乳熟期>苗期>成熟期。春玉米气孔导度(Gs)在苗期较低,抽雄期达到最大,传统耕作条件下,地膜+秸秆覆盖保持着较高的气孔导度,平均为260.63mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),比不覆盖平均高46.0%;免耕条件下,地膜覆盖的气孔导度最高,秸秆覆盖最低。
The photosynthetic physiological changes of spring maize under conventional tillage and no tillage coverage measures were studied in this paper.The results showed that:with the period of growth,leaf net photosynthetic rate of each treatment increased first then decreased,and reached the highest at tasseling stage. Under the conventional tillage condition, net photosynthetic rate of plastic film with the straw mulching was the highest,and the straw mulching was the lowest.Under no-till conditions,the highest net photosynthetic rate of plastic film mulching on average was 33.81μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1).It was 3.7% higher than that of no cover.Under different tillage coverage measures conditions,the leaf transpiration rate showed the order:tasseling stage>jointing stage>big trumpet stage>milky stage>seedling stage>mature stage.At seedling stage,stomatal conductance of spring maize was lower,and it achieved the highest at tasseling stage.Under conventional tillage conditions,the plastic film with straw mulching maintains a higher stomatal conductance of 260.63 mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1).It was 46.0%higher on average than that of uncovered;Under no-till conditions,plastic film mulching had the highest transpiration rate,and straw mulching was the lowest.
The photosynthetic physiological changes of spring maize under conventional tillage and no tillage coverage measures were studied in this paper.The results showed that:with the period of growth,leaf net photosynthetic rate of each treatment increased first then decreased,and reached the highest at tasseling stage. Under the conventional tillage condition, net photosynthetic rate of plastic film with the straw mulching was the highest,and the straw mulching was the lowest.Under no-till conditions,the highest net photosynthetic rate of plastic film mulching on average was 33.81μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1).It was 3.7% higher than that of no cover.Under different tillage coverage measures conditions,the leaf transpiration rate showed the order:tasseling stage>jointing stage>big trumpet stage>milky stage>seedling stage>mature stage.At seedling stage,stomatal conductance of spring maize was lower,and it achieved the highest at tasseling stage.Under conventional tillage conditions,the plastic film with straw mulching maintains a higher stomatal conductance of 260.63 mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1).It was 46.0%higher on average than that of uncovered;Under no-till conditions,plastic film mulching had the highest transpiration rate,and straw mulching was the lowest.
引文
[1]李吾强,温晓霞,高茂盛,等.半湿润区旱作起垄覆膜沟播小麦的水分及生理效应研究[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(5):146-151.
[2]张冬梅.覆盖耕作措施对土壤环境和玉米生长的影响[D].太原:山西大学,2007.
[3]张宝林,陈阜.晋西旱塬地覆盖耕作农田土壤水分有效性研究[J].华北农学报,2005,20(3):57-61.
[4]胡廷积,杨永光,马元喜.小麦生态与生产技术[M].河南科技出版社,1986.
[5]郑丕尧.作物生理学导论[M].北京农业大学出版社,1992.
[6]沈裕琥.黄相国.王海庆.秸秆覆盖的农田效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,1998,16(1):45-50.
[7]李友军,吴金芝,黄明,等.不同耕作方式对小麦旗叶光合特性和水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(12):44-48.
[8]江晓东,王芸,侯连涛,等.少免耕模式对冬小麦生育后期光合特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(5):66-69.
[9]李永平,杨改河,冯永忠,等.黄土高原土壤风蚀区玉米起垄覆盖集水效应[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(4):66-69.
[10]唐志敏,刘军,刘建国.秸秆还田对长期连作棉花光合速率及叶绿素荧光的影响[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(3):302-307.
[11]刘武仁,陈砚,郑金玉,等.不同耕作方式对玉米产量及叶片某些生理机制的影响[J].玉米科学,2009,17(2):112-115.
[12]张玉先,罗奥,祁倩倩,等.不同耕作措施对大豆光合特性和产量影响[J].土壤通报,2010,41(3):672-676.
[13]杨晓.不同保护性耕作措施对作物产量和土壤水肥效应的影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[2]张冬梅.覆盖耕作措施对土壤环境和玉米生长的影响[D].太原:山西大学,2007.
[3]张宝林,陈阜.晋西旱塬地覆盖耕作农田土壤水分有效性研究[J].华北农学报,2005,20(3):57-61.
[4]胡廷积,杨永光,马元喜.小麦生态与生产技术[M].河南科技出版社,1986.
[5]郑丕尧.作物生理学导论[M].北京农业大学出版社,1992.
[6]沈裕琥.黄相国.王海庆.秸秆覆盖的农田效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,1998,16(1):45-50.
[7]李友军,吴金芝,黄明,等.不同耕作方式对小麦旗叶光合特性和水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(12):44-48.
[8]江晓东,王芸,侯连涛,等.少免耕模式对冬小麦生育后期光合特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(5):66-69.
[9]李永平,杨改河,冯永忠,等.黄土高原土壤风蚀区玉米起垄覆盖集水效应[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(4):66-69.
[10]唐志敏,刘军,刘建国.秸秆还田对长期连作棉花光合速率及叶绿素荧光的影响[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(3):302-307.
[11]刘武仁,陈砚,郑金玉,等.不同耕作方式对玉米产量及叶片某些生理机制的影响[J].玉米科学,2009,17(2):112-115.
[12]张玉先,罗奥,祁倩倩,等.不同耕作措施对大豆光合特性和产量影响[J].土壤通报,2010,41(3):672-676.
[13]杨晓.不同保护性耕作措施对作物产量和土壤水肥效应的影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.