黑土不同耕层厚度对玉米根系形态空间分布及其产量的影响
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摘要
在重建不同厚度黑土层的定位模拟试验区开展免耕玉米大豆轮作试验,设3个黑土耕层厚度(10、20和30 cm),探究不同耕层厚度对玉米生育期间的根系形态及其产量影响。研究表明,玉米产量对不同耕层厚度反应敏感,30 cm耕层厚度处理玉米产量最高,比20 cm和10 cm耕层厚度显著高12.5%和24.1%,且玉米根系分布对耕层厚度响应差异明显。30 cm耕层厚度显著影响玉米0～10 cm土层根重密度,对10～30 cm土层根重密度及不同土层根长密度和比根长影响不明显。
In a simulation experiment of reconstruction topsoil of different depths, the effects of different depths of topsoil on maize root morphology during growth period were investigated under no-tillage maize-soybean rotation condition, and maize yield was also measured. The simulated topsoil included three depths, 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm. The results showed that maize yield was susceptible to topsoil depths, and the highest yield was obtained at 30 cm depth topsoil, which was 12.5% and 24.1% higher than that at 20 cm and 10 cm depth topsoil. Maize root mor-phology varied significantly among topsoil depths. In addition, the 30 cm depth topsoil significantly altered the root weight density at the top 0-10 cm of soil layer, while it had no significant effects on the root weight density in 10-30 cm of soil layer. However, the 30 cm depth topsoil had not significant effects on the root length density and the ratio of root length/weight in any soil layer.
In a simulation experiment of reconstruction topsoil of different depths, the effects of different depths of topsoil on maize root morphology during growth period were investigated under no-tillage maize-soybean rotation condition, and maize yield was also measured. The simulated topsoil included three depths, 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm. The results showed that maize yield was susceptible to topsoil depths, and the highest yield was obtained at 30 cm depth topsoil, which was 12.5% and 24.1% higher than that at 20 cm and 10 cm depth topsoil. Maize root mor-phology varied significantly among topsoil depths. In addition, the 30 cm depth topsoil significantly altered the root weight density at the top 0-10 cm of soil layer, while it had no significant effects on the root weight density in 10-30 cm of soil layer. However, the 30 cm depth topsoil had not significant effects on the root length density and the ratio of root length/weight in any soil layer.
引文
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[22]张玉,秦华东,伍龙梅,等.玉米根系空间分布特性的数学模拟及应用[J].玉米科学,2015,23(4):92-97,103.Zhang Y,Qin H D,Wu L M,et al.Mathematical simulation and application of spatial distribution characteristics of maize roots[J].Corn Science,2015,23(4):92-97,103.(in Chinese)
[23]刘武仁,郑金玉,罗洋,等.东北黑土区发展保护性耕作可行性分析[J].吉林农业科学,2008(3):3-4,13.Liu W R,Zheng J Y,Luo Y,et al.Feasibility analysis on the development of conservation tillage in the black soil region of northeast China[J].Jilin Agricultural Science,2008(3):3-4,13.(in Chinese)
[24]Sui Y Y,Liu X B,Jin J,et al.Differentiating the early impacts of topsoil removal and soil amendments on crop performance/productivity of corn and soybean in eroded farmland of Chinese Mollisols[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(3):276-283.
[25]Lobo D,Lozano Z,Delgado F.Water erosion risk assessment and impact on productivity of a Venezuelan soil[J].Catena,2005,64(2-3):297-306.
[26]刘晓冰,周克琴,苗淑杰,等.土壤侵蚀影响作物产量及其因素分析[J].土壤与作物,2012,1(4):205-211.Liu X B,Zhou K Q,Miao S J,et al.Analysis of effects of soil erosion on crop yield and its factors[J].Soil and Crops,2012,1(4):205-211.(in Chinese)
[2]刘宝元,阎百兴,沈波,等.东北黑土区农地水土流失现状与综合治理对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):1-8.Liu B Y,Yan B X,Shen B,et al.Current situation of soil and water loss in agricultural land in black soil area of Northeast China and comprehensive treatment countermeasures[J].Chinese Soil and Water Conservation Science,2008,6(1):1-8.(in Chinese)
[3]阎百兴,杨育红,刘兴土,等.东北黑土区土壤侵蚀现状与演变趋势[J].中国水土保持,2008(12):26-30.Yan B X,Yang Y H,Liu X T,et al.Soil erosion status and evolution trend in black soil area in Northeast China[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2008(12):26-30.(in Chinese)
[4]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[5]张之一.黑土开垦后黑土层厚度的变化[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2010,22(5):1-3.Zhang Z Y.Changes in the thickness of black soil after reclamation[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University,2010,22(5):1-3.(in Chinese)
[6]李骜,段兴武.利用黑土层厚度评价东北黑土区土壤生产力--以鹤北小流域为例[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(1):154-159.Li A,Duan X W.Evaluation of soil productivity in the black soil region of Northeast China by using the thickness of black soil layer--taking the small hebei river basin as an example[J].Water and Soil Conservation,2014,34(1):154-159.(in Chinese)
[7]Lal R.Soil Erosion impact on agronomic productivity and environment quality[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,1998,17(4):319-464.
[8]Martha M B.The crop productivity-erosion relationship:an analysis based on experimental work[J].Catena,2004,57(1):55-76.
[9]王志强,刘宝元,王旭艳,等.东北黑土区土壤侵蚀对土地生产力影响试验研究[J].中国科学,2009(10):1397-1412.Wang Z Q,Liu B Y,Wang X Y,et al.Experimental study on the effect of soil erosion on land productivity in the black soil region of Northeast China[J].Chinese Science,2009(10):1397-1412.(in Chinese)
[10]Gaertner C,Dedecek R A,Rui M B.Produtividade de trigo e soja em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico sob eros?o simulada e causada pela chuva Wheat and soybean productivity on a Dark Red Latosol due to simulated and rainfall erosion[J].Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,2003,38(12):1443-1449.
[11]Zhou K,Sui Y,Liu X,et al.Crop rotation with nine-year continuous cattle manure addition restores farmland productivity of artificially eroded Mollisols in Northeast China[J].Field Crops Research,2015,171:138-145.
[12]W R Kreznor.Soil,landscape,and erosion relationships in a Northwest Illinois Watershed[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1989,53(6):1763-1771.
[13]Jones A J,Lal R,Huggins D R.Soil erosion and productivity research:A regional approach[J].American Journal of Alternative Agriculture,2009,12(4):185-192.
[14]Gollany H T,Schumacher T E,Evenson P D,et al.Topsoil depth and desurfacing effects on properties and productivity of a typic Argiustoll[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(1):220-225.
[15]Ddela R,Moreno J A,Mayol F,et al.Assessment of soil erosion vulnerability in western Europe and potential impact on crop productivity due to loss of soil depth using the ImpelERO model[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2000,81(3):179-190.
[16]Cotching W E,Hawkins K,Sparrow L A,et al.Crop yields and soil properties on eroded slopes of red ferrosols in Northwest Tasmania[J].Soil Research,2002,40(4):625-642.
[17]Costa C,Dwyer L M,Hamilton R I,et al.A Sampling method for measurement of large root systems with scanner-based image analysis[J].Agronomy Journal,2000,92(4):621-627.
[18]张伟明,孟军,王嘉宇,等.生物炭对水稻根系形态与生理特性及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(8):1445-1451.Zhang W M,Meng J,Wang J Y,et al.Effects of biochar on morphology,physiological characteristics and yield of rice root[J].Crop Acta,2013,39(8):1445-1451.(in Chinese)
[19]李双双,李晶,陈龙涛,等.施氮量对春小麦根系生长及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(1):141-145.Li S S,Li J,Chen L T,et al.Effect of N application on root growth and yield of spring wheat[J].Journal of Wheat Crops,2013,33(1):141-145.(in Chinese)
[20]张鋆鋆,刘冰洋,王一凡,等.植物根系研究进展[J].天津农业科学,2016,22(11):11-18.Zhang K K,Liu B Y,Wang Y F,et al.Advances in plant root studies[J].Tianjin Agricultural Science,2016,22(11):11-18.(in Chinese)
[21]魏丹,匡恩俊,迟凤琴,等.东北黑土资源现状与保护策略[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016(1):158-161.Wei D,Kuang E J,Chi F Q,et al.Status quo of black soil resources in northeast China and protection strategy[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Science,2016(1):158-161.(in Chinese)
[22]张玉,秦华东,伍龙梅,等.玉米根系空间分布特性的数学模拟及应用[J].玉米科学,2015,23(4):92-97,103.Zhang Y,Qin H D,Wu L M,et al.Mathematical simulation and application of spatial distribution characteristics of maize roots[J].Corn Science,2015,23(4):92-97,103.(in Chinese)
[23]刘武仁,郑金玉,罗洋,等.东北黑土区发展保护性耕作可行性分析[J].吉林农业科学,2008(3):3-4,13.Liu W R,Zheng J Y,Luo Y,et al.Feasibility analysis on the development of conservation tillage in the black soil region of northeast China[J].Jilin Agricultural Science,2008(3):3-4,13.(in Chinese)
[24]Sui Y Y,Liu X B,Jin J,et al.Differentiating the early impacts of topsoil removal and soil amendments on crop performance/productivity of corn and soybean in eroded farmland of Chinese Mollisols[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(3):276-283.
[25]Lobo D,Lozano Z,Delgado F.Water erosion risk assessment and impact on productivity of a Venezuelan soil[J].Catena,2005,64(2-3):297-306.
[26]刘晓冰,周克琴,苗淑杰,等.土壤侵蚀影响作物产量及其因素分析[J].土壤与作物,2012,1(4):205-211.Liu X B,Zhou K Q,Miao S J,et al.Analysis of effects of soil erosion on crop yield and its factors[J].Soil and Crops,2012,1(4):205-211.(in Chinese)